Zhang Xian
Zhang Xian
Zhang Xian? (1142), a famous general in the Southern Song Dynasty. He is a native of Langzhou (now Langzhong County, Nanchong City, Sichuan Province). Yue Fei loves the general and is extremely brave. Every time he fought with Yue Fei, he led the troops and made many achievements. Breaking Cao Cheng, restoring Chenzhou, and fighting Shunchang all have their own unique victories. He moved to Langzhou to observe the envoys, Yuguan military system, Xuanfu department and vice capital system. Shaoxing, Yue Fei and Yue Yun were killed at the same time in 1142. In the second year of JINGDING (1261), LiZong pursued the title of liewenhou. In 1204, the fourth year of Jiatai reign of emperor ningzong of the Song Dynasty, he was awarded to Chengxuan envoy of Ningyuan army.
Life figures
He joined the army in his early years
During the Jianyan period of Emperor Gaozong of Song Dynasty (1127-1130), Zhang Xian had already emerged in Yue Fei's army.
In the first year of Shaoxing (1131), Yue Fei was ordered to fight against the rebel Li Cheng on Jiangnan West Road, leaving Zhang Xian to protect his family members in Huizhou. When sun you, the governor of Huizhou, refused to pay for food and money, Zhang Xian had a quarrel with him. After Zhang Xian to leave Huizhou within three days as a condition to get food.
Pacify civil strife
In April 1132, Yue Fei attacked Cao Cheng. Zhang Xian and Wu Xijun went down from the whole prefecture to lift Cao Cheng's siege of Guizhou. Zhang Xian was ordered to attack moxie pass in Lipu County, and Guo Jin, his own soldier, bravely ascended the pass city first. At that time, Han Shunfu, the fifth general, relaxed his guard at night and drank and had fun. Yang Zaixing, a fierce enemy general, led his army to fight back and killed Han Shunfu and Yue fan, the younger brother of Yue Fei. Zhang Xian and the later army led Wang Jing to defeat Yang Zaixing. In April, after Yue Fei defeated Cao Cheng in Hezhou, he ordered Zhang Xian, Xu Qing and Wang GUI to recruit 20000 members of Cao Cheng's party. Zhang Xian captured Yang Zaixing in pursuit. At that time, Cao Cheng's Ministry, Hao Zheng, led his department to Yuanzhou, wearing a white towel and swearing to avenge Cao Cheng, known as the "white towel thief", and Zhang Xian went to Yuanzhou to capture the amnesty.
In the third year of Shaoxing (1133), the bandits in Qianzhou and Jizhou rebelled. They joined forces to plunder more than ten prefectures, such as Xun and Mei. Song Gaozong ordered Yue Fei to lead the army to fight against the bandits. Zhang Xian followed Yue Fei to pacify the bandits in Qian and Jizhou. He was promoted from wugonglang and Hemen xuanzansheren to Wulue doctor and Jizhou governor.
Follow the Northern Expedition
In April 1134, on the eve of the first northern expedition of Yuejiajun, Emperor Gaozong of the Song Dynasty granted Wang GUI, Zhang Xian and Xu Qing gold thread war robes and belts. Yue Fei sent Zhang Xian to recover Suizhou, and the enemy general Wang Song fled without fighting. Zhang Xian led his troops to Dengzhou. When he was thirty miles away from Dengzhou City, he met tens of thousands of enemy troops. Zhang Xian, Wang Wan and Dong Xian sent their own cavalry to attack the enemy. Jin general Liu He, Bo Jin, and puppet Qi General Li Cheng were defeated by tens of thousands of allied forces and scattered, so they recovered Dengzhou. Zhang Xian defeated the puppet Qi army again in tangzhou. After the Xianghan war, Yue Fei played song Gaozong because his mother Yao was ill. He asked to go home to serve his mother, and handed over his military horse to Zhang Xian and Wang GUI. Song Gaozong didn't agree.
In 1135, Yue Fei sent Li Dao to fight against Zhang Ping, a thief in Hunan Province. When Zhang Ping was about to confront Li Dao, Zhang Xian suddenly replaced Li Dao and appeared in front of the song army as a commander. Zhang Ping, who had no psychological preparation, was shocked. Because he was afraid of Zhang Xian, he immediately seized the army. Without fighting, the whole army collapsed and surrendered to the Yue army. This is a psychological tactic specially arranged by Yue Fei, which uses Zhang Xian's prestige to achieve the effect of deterring the head of the enemy and subduing the bandits without blood.
In 1136, after the second Northern Expedition of Yue's army, Yue Fei's eye disease broke out, and Zhang Xian presided over military affairs in Ezhou as a member of the same party. In the winter of the same year, Zhang Xian took part in the counterattack against the puppet Qi army.
In 1137, Yue Fei resigned indignantly because of the cancellation of the Song Dynasty's plan of uniting the Huaixi army and other troops and a large-scale northern expedition. Xue Bi asked Zhang Xian, who was on sick leave at that time, to appease the whole army.
In the first month of the eighth year of Shaoxing (1138), Liu Yongshou, the magistrate of caizhou in the state of Jin, killed Wu Lu Bojin, the general of Jin, and led the army and people back to Song Dynasty. Yue Fei ordered Zhang Xian to accept him.
In the ninth year of Shaoxing (1139), the state of Jin "returned" part of the land of the Song Dynasty. Zhang Xian was ordered to escort Zhao Shi, Zhang Tao and others to the western capital Henan house to visit the imperial mausoleum.
Da Po zongbi
In 1140, the state of Jin betrayed the treaty and invaded the Southern Song Dynasty. Yue's army, almost alone and without assistance, pushed forward and launched the largest northern expedition. Zhang Xian led half of the Yue army to the south of Bianjing, the former capital of the Northern Song Dynasty. Wang GUI led another Yue army to the west of Beijing. Zhang Xian led his troops to attack Jin general Han Chang and recover Yingchang city. The officers and men were brave enough to fight and rush and recover Huaining Prefecture. The three important towns that the state of Jin used to defend Kaifeng lost two in four days.
After the battle of Yancheng, Wan yanzongbi, the military commander of the state of Jin, was very frightened. He collected more than 120000 soldiers in a hurry and attacked Linying, hoping to put all his eggs in one basket. After returning from Huaining Prefecture, Zhang Xian commanded the troops of Qianjun, Beiwei and Youyi to Linying to seek a decisive battle with Wanyan zongbi. Vanguard Yang Zaixing suddenly met Wanyan zongbi with more than 300 cavalry in xiaoshangqiao area. The song army fought to death and died because of being outnumbered. Yang Zaixing also died for his country. Wanyan zongbi is afraid to fight Zhang Xian. Under the protection of the night, he runs away in a panic and leads his army to attack Yingchang. At dawn on the fourteenth, Zhang Xian defeated the 8000 golden soldiers left by Wan Yan zongbi and easily occupied Linying county. At the same time, Zhang Xian sent Xu Qing and Li Shan to annihilate 6000 enemies in the northeast of Linying, and obtained 100 war horses to chase the fleeing Jin army for 15 Li, which greatly shocked the Central Plains.
Yue Fei's army marched into Zhuxian Town, only more than 40 miles away from Bianjing, the former capital. The people of central plains were greatly shocked and responded. At this critical moment, Qin Hui succumbed to Jin's threat that he would kill Yue Fei before he could make peace. With the acquiescence of Emperor Gaozong of the Song Dynasty, he colluded with Zhang Jun and plotted to frame Yue Fei. He issued 12 gold medals in succession and ordered Yue Fei to return to the imperial court. At that time, Zhang Xian also followed Yue Fei back to Korea.
Die unjustly
In 1141, Yue Fei was released from military power and left Ezhou to return to Lushan. Zhang Xianren was stationed in Ezhou and was under the control of the vice capitals of the former armies.
Qin Hui secretly bribes Wang GUI and others who have been punished by Yue Fei for their negligence in Yuefei's Ministry, lures and coerces them to falsely accuse Yue Fei of treason, and pretends that Yue Yun, the son of Yue Fei, wrote to Zhang Xian, asking Zhang Xian to falsely report the Jin people's invasion to the imperial court, so as to help Yue Fei regain military power. These charges are groundless. They tortured Zhang Xian and tried to force him to falsely accuse himself of killing Yue Fei and his son. Zhang Xian was tortured and never gave in. Finally, Zhang Jun had to make up a confession to sue Qin Hui and imprison Zhang Xianzhi to Dali temple in Hangzhou. Wanzao and Luo Ruji falsely accused Yue Fei of writing a treason letter to Zhang Xian and others, but Zhang Xian and others burned and destroyed it. Han Shizhong asked Qin Hui, Qin Hui said: "although the letter of rebellion written by Yue Fei's son Yue Yun to Zhang Xian has not been found, it may exist." Han Shizhong said angrily, "how can you serve the world?"
At the end of the same year, Zhang Jun and Yang Yizhong went to downtown Lin'an (today's Zhongan bridge in Hangzhou) to behead Zhang Xian and Yue Yun. Zhang Xian's family members were exiled to Guangnan and Fukien road.
In 1161, the Jin people broke the treaty and invaded the south. Gaozong of Song Dynasty ordered the families of Caijing, Tongguan, Yuefei and Zhangxian to move freely from their exiles.
In the first year of emperor Xiaozong's Qiandao reign (1165), Zhang Xian pursued and restored the commander of longshenwei's sixiangdu and the former commander of Langzhou's observation envoy, and each of his four sons was appointed as chengxinlang.
In the fourth year of Jiatai (1204) of emperor ningzong of the Song Dynasty, Zhang Xian was presented by the Song court as the Xuancheng envoy of Ningyuan army. The letter of appointment was accepted by zhongxunlang, the son of Zhang Xian, and Zhang Diwan, the former Minister of Huangzhou. So far, Zhang Xian's unjust case has been vindicated.
Historical evaluation
History of the Song Dynasty: "Zhang Xian and other five people are all Yuefei's generals. They are feared by the enemy, and they are also outstanding for a while. However, they either died in battle or in anger, but Xian didn't prove that they were unjustly killed in Feiyu. They are sad for their husband!"
member of family
Zhang Xian has four sons, one named Zhang Diwan, the other three unknown.
Commemoration of later generations
In 1811, a monument to the hometown of marquis Zhang Liewen of Song Dynasty was erected in nanjinguan by Daotai Li Xuejin of northern Sichuan. On the left side of lianfenglou in the east foot of Jinping, a temple of marquis Zhang Liewen was built by the mountain and by the water. On the right side, two steles named "preface to the monument of marquis Zhang Liewen" were erected. In the cultural revolution, they were all destroyed. In 1985, the ancestral hall of Zhang Xian was rebuilt and a tall and powerful portrait of Zhang Xian was made.
Today's Zhangxian temple is located in Jinping Mountain, Langzhong City, Sichuan Province. In front of the gate, a couplet is hung, which reads "assist the king Yue to revive, meritorious officials to share the same misfortune, worship the strong soul, worship the remains of the temple, and convey the spirit of aduzhong". The couplet in the main hall is: "if you can fight in the Central Plains, you can drink the Yellow Dragon and know that the Duke will be there; if you can live in the West Lake and the temple, even if you can kill the white iron, you will never die." So that the anti Jin Xiao will be passed down through the ages, and the Liewen Marquis temple will look up to the British.
Zhang Xian's tomb is located at the entrance of Dongshan alley at the foot of Xiangu mountain, in Renshou Mountain Park in Hangzhou today, only a hundred steps away from Yue Temple. Xia Sizhong, the manager of Hangzhou Road in Yuan Dynasty, tasted the stone and marked its place. After a long time, the stone was broken between hazelnut and mangrove. In the 12th year of Zhengde reign of Ming Dynasty, there was king Tianyou of Buyi in Dingchou. Occasionally, he got a broken stele and recognized his former site. So he became the leader of the road, sealed the tree again, built a temple and tomb, and built a thoroughfare to worship Zhongfu. After reading for a long time, it fell down again, and the Shinto tablet did not exist. In the 11th year of Tongzhi reign, Wu Tingkang was promoted to the post of county power Renhe. He asked Yu Daxian to repair it again and set up two steles for inspection. Now the tomb is still in good condition, but the ancestral hall of that year has been covered with tiles for a long time. There is only a stone square in the wild tobacco and grass, and a memorial tablet of Gaochuang ancestral hall in the Tang Dynasty, which is just for people to pay attention to.
According to Hangzhou legend, Qin Hui cut Zhang Xian's body to 72 because he was afraid of Zhang Xian and his revenge
Chinese PinYin : Zhang Xian
Zhang Xian
