Liu Xin
Liu Xin
Liu Xin (25-15 August), grandson of emperor yuan of the Han Dynasty, nephew of emperor Cheng of the Han Dynasty, son of Liu Kang, King Dingtao Gong, and mother Ding Ji, was the 13th emperor of the Western Han Dynasty.
On August 22, the second year of Yangshuo (23 BC), Liu Xin's father, Liu Kang, King Ding Tao Gong, died, and Liu Xin was granted the title of King Ding Tao. When Liu Xin was older, his uncle, Emperor chengdi of Han Dynasty, had no children. After a year of fierce competition with his uncle, Zhongshan King Liu Xing, he was made Prince in the first year of Suihe (the first eight years). On March 18, the second year of Suihe (the first seven years), Emperor Cheng of Han Dynasty died of illness. Liu Xin became emperor and changed Yuan Dynasty to Jianping. On the fifth day of June 27, the second year of Yuanshou (August 15, the previous year), Liu Xin, who had been in power for only seven years, died at the age of 25. He was named emperor Xiaoai and was buried in Yiling.
Life experience
Early experience
Liu Xin, whose name is he, was born in the fourth year of Heping, Emperor chengdi of the Han Dynasty (25 BC). He is the grandson of Liu Xun, Emperor Yuandi of the Han Dynasty, the son of Liu Kang, King Dinggong, and his mother is Ding Ji.
On August 22, the second year of Yangshuo (23 BC), Liu Xin's father Liu Kang, King Ding Tao Gong, died. Liu Xin inherited the throne of King Ding Tao and was raised by her grandmother, Empress Dowager Fu Zhaoyi.
When Liu Xin was older, his uncle Liu Ao, Emperor chengdi of Han Dynasty, had no children.
In the fourth year of yuanyan (the first nine years), Liu Xin and Liu Xing entered the court at the same time. Empress Dowager Fu often bribed Zhao Zhaoyi and Wang Gen, the uncle of emperor Cheng of the Han Dynasty, to make Liu Xin the crown prince. When Zhao Zhaoyi and Wang Gen saw that emperor chengdi of Han Dynasty had no prince, they both wanted to marry Liu Xin in advance and make long-term plans for their future prosperity. They praised Liu Xin in front of emperor chengdi of Han Dynasty. Emperor Cheng of the Han Dynasty also valued Liu Xin.
In the first year of Suihe (8 years ago), Emperor Cheng of Han Dynasty made Liu Xin the crown prince.
Succeeding to the throne
On March 18, the second year of Suihe (the first seven years), Emperor Cheng of Han Dynasty died of illness. On the fourth day of April, 19-year-old Liu Xin succeeded the emperor as emperor AI of the Han Dynasty. The following year was the first year of Jianping. He respected emperor Cheng's mother, Empress Dowager Wang Zhengjun, as empress dowager, and empress Zhao Feiyan as empress dowager. The Empress Dowager issued an imperial edict to honor Liu Xin's father and appointed Liu Kang, King Tao Gong, as emperor Gong.
On May 19, the second year of Suihe (the first seven years), the imperial concubine Fu was appointed as the queen, and issued an imperial edict saying that in the spring and Autumn Annals, it was said that the mother valued her son, so the grandmother empress dowager Fu (Fu Zhaoyi) was regarded as empress Dowager Gong, and the mother Ding Ji as empress Gong.
die young
On the fifth day of June 27th, the second year of Yuanshou (August 15th, the previous year), Emperor AI of the Han Dynasty, who had been in power for only seven years, hollowed out his body and died at the age of 25 (another saying: he died of excessive use of aphrodisiac). In September, renyin (actually, there was no renyin day in September of the second year of Yuanshou) was buried in Yiling (now at xibali, Xianyang City, Shaanxi Province). It is said that he was buried in Fufeng, 46 meters away from Chang'an His posthumous title is emperor Xiaoai.
Political initiatives
Politics
In June of the second year of Suihe (the first seven years), Emperor AI of the Han Dynasty had just succeeded to the throne for two months. He thought that the music of Yuefu was not decent, so he ordered to restrain Yuefu and cut 414 musicians, accounting for more than half of the total number of musicians.
At the beginning of emperor AI's succession to the throne, Shidan, a general of the left, took the place of Wang Mang as the great Sima to assist the government. As soon as Shi Dan took office, he proposed to Emperor AI of the Han Dynasty the restriction of land and slaves in an attempt to get rid of the misfortune of the Han family. After the discussion among the officials, the prime minister Kong Guang and the great Minister He Wu made specific regulations: the land occupied by the princes, princesses and officials should not exceed 30 hectares; the number of servants of the princes should be limited to 200; the number of princesses and princesses should be 100; the number of officials should be 30; the merchants should not occupy land or be officials. Those who exceed the above limit will have no official income.
Although this plan gave the bureaucratic landlords a great advantage, it was opposed by the powerful people who controlled the government. First, they were opposed by Ding and Fu's relatives. Emperor AI of the Han Dynasty did not support the edict. Later, he rewarded Dong Xian with 2000 hectares of land, which was nearly 70 times the maximum amount of land restriction. As a result, the edict of land restriction and maidservant restriction became a dead letter.
In addition to the restrictions on farmland and slaves, Emperor AI of the Han Dynasty also issued a series of edicts, such as abolishing renziling and slander, eating wormwood, spreading pancakes, frying Huaihua, drinking, rolling dice, and stopping Yuefu. It is said that emperor AI of the Han Dynasty must use dice to cheer up his guests when they drink, and forbidding famous beasts from prefectures and states. However, all this has become a dead letter.
In the second year of Jianping (the first five years), Emperor AI of the Han Dynasty issued an imperial edict to cancel the State animal husbandry and restore the governor.
Economics
During the reign of emperor AI of the Han Dynasty, there were many collections of palaces, gardens and treasuries. Although the wealth of the people was not as good as that of Emperor Wen and Emperor Jing of the Han Dynasty, the population was the largest.
military
Before emperor AI of Han Dynasty succeeded to the throne, the fiefdoms were close to the border, and wars often broke out. After emperor AI of the Han Dynasty succeeded to the throne, he ordered general Huo Zhao to lead 100000 soldiers to invade the frontier and return to the country.
Historical evaluation
Ban Gu: Xiao AI is the palace of King Zhen and Prince Chong. His diction is broad and sensitive, and he has heard about it since he was young. Seeing that filial piety became the emperor of the royal family, and the power was transferred to the outside world, it was because he wanted to strengthen the power of the Lord, and then he used martial arts and propaganda. The elegant nature is not good, the sound color, when looks Bian shoots the martial arts play. When I ascend to the throne, I will not be able to enjoy my country forever!
XunYue: filial piety and mourning in this discipline. He was a vassal and Prince. The diction is broad. When you are young, you will hear. Elegance is not good. When Bian shooting martial arts drama. See the world of filial piety. Lu went to the office. The power is transferred out. Therefore, it is imperative for the government to take the main power. Take it as an example. However, Dong Xian used things. The minister killed the wounded. There's the murder of covering the house. He ascended the throne from the beginning. There is a disease of flaccidity. At the end of the year, there was no drama. Enjoying the country will not last forever. I'll take a ride. How sad. Here's the world. Enough to see the foundation of success or failure. The right of the posterity. Be thrifty and love the people. It can also be called the vertical system.
Liu Yuan: the Yuan Dynasty was full of seclusion, with a short period of mourning. Wang Mang, a thief minister, usurped the throne.
Sima Guang: at the beginning of emperor AI's establishment, he practiced frugality and reduced all kinds of use. His political affairs came out of his own hands, and the imperial court looked back and forth to govern.
Su Zhe: Emperor AI of the Han Dynasty was the son of heaven, who was good at propriety and frugality. Knowing that emperor chengdi favored his uncle's family, the power was seized by the Wang family. When he ascended the throne and took over the power, the imperial court was proud and the common people were in charge. Even though empress dowager Fu invaded the queen and stole her name, she lost the heart of the world. Emperor Fu Chong Ren Xingchen Dong Xian, a position to three public, rich quasi emperor room. Although he wanted to belittle Wang's family, he lost his morality and had no famous officials in the dynasty, so there were many people who had money. The book of songs says: "there is no competition for the Uighur, and they are taught everywhere. The four countries are in good order. " Both of them are lost, what if they are Wang's! After the fall of emperor Fang, the Empress Dowager summoned Sima Xian to introduce him to the eastern chamber and asked him how to deal with the funeral. He was not able to deal with the inner worries of the sages, and was relieved of his title. The Empress Dowager said, "Hou Mang, the new capital, sent the emperor Da Xing with his great Sima. He learned the story and called mang to help the emperor." I'm very lucky to have a good head. As soon as mang arrived, he made the minister impeach him. Yin committed suicide today. The disaster of Wang's replacement of Han Dynasty was caused by this. In the past, when Emperor Gao died of illness, he was worried about Lu's family. When empress Lu asked about the future affairs, the emperor said, "Chen Pingzhi has more than enough, but it's hard to be alone. Don't be stupid in the mausoleum. You can help it. Zhou Bo was thick and highly literate. However, the Liu clan in An'an would be strong, and he could be appointed as a Taiwei. " As for the change of property and salary, the battle between the royal tombs and the peace and prosperity of the imperial tombs was just like the concern of emperor Gao. At the end of Emperor Wen's reign, there was a worry about the seven kingdoms. Prince Jie said, "there is a priority. Zhou Yafu can serve as a general." During the change of Wu and Chu, Yafu became a great general, and within a few months after the break, it was just as Emperor Wen thought. Today, Wang's rebellion is related to Lu's and the seven kingdoms. However, there was no one named Ai Di, so the Han Dynasty died. It's not a special destiny. It's a plan.
Qian Shi: Although the AI emperor was weak and short, the early administration was like this. It was also learned from those who were in the ordinary times. It was done by those who were in the early administration. It lasted for a long time, and they were not confused and lazy. All things could be done in the world. The master of succession can be neglected.
Anecdotes and allusions
Emperor AI of the Han Dynasty used to lie down and sit with his favorite man, Dong Xian. Once when Dong Xian was sleeping in the daytime, he put his head on the sleeve of emperor AI of the Han Dynasty. Emperor AI of the Han Dynasty wanted to get up, but Dong Xian didn't realize it. Emperor AI of the Han Dynasty didn't want to disturb Dong Xian, so he cut off the sleeve with his sword and got up. This story later became the idiom "the habit of breaking one's sleeves", which generally refers to homosexual behavior between men in later generations.
Family members
grandparent
Grandfather: Emperor yuan of Han Dynasty
Grandmother: Zhaoyi Fu (Fu Zhaoyi)
parent
Father: Liu Kang, king of Ding Tao Gong
Mother: Ding Ji
Empress
Empress Fu (empress Fu), the daughter of Fu Yan, the Marquis of Kong Township, a cousin of Fu Zhaoyi.
Zhaoyi, Dong family (Dong Zhaoyi), the younger sister of Dong Xian.
Historical records
Ban Gu's book of the Han Dynasty Volume 11 the story of Ai Di
Sima Guang's Zi Zhi Tong Jian Volume 33
Film and television image
Chinese PinYin : Liu Xin
Liu Xin
