Sun Ke
Sun Ke
Sun Ke
(October 20, 1891 - September 13, 1973), male, Han nationality, Chinese characters
Liansheng
, No
Zhe Sheng
. He was born in Cuiheng village, Xiangshan County, Guangdong Province. He is the eldest son of Sun Yat Sen. He was the president of the examination institute, Executive Yuan and legislative yuan of the Republic of China.
He joined the league in 1907 and served as the Secretary of Grand Marshal's office in Guangzhou in 1917. From 1918 to 1920, he served as secretary of the extraordinary Senate and Guangzhou times. In 1921, he was the mayor of Guangzhou and the governor of river management, and later the first mayor of Guangzhou. In 1923 and 1926, he served as mayor of Guangzhou twice. In 1931, he served as executive president of Nanjing National Government. In 1932, he served as legislative president. In the early stage, he advocated opposing the United Communist Party. After the beginning of the Anti Japanese War, he advocated carrying out constitutional government and uniting the Communist Party to resist Japan. In 1947, he served as vice president of Nanjing National Government. In 1948, he ran for vice president with Li Zongren and lost the election. After resigning in 1949, he lived in Hong Kong, France, the United States and other places for a long time. In 1965, he served as the senior counsellor and examination Dean of the office of the leader of the Taiwan authorities. On September 13, 1973, he died in Taipei at the age of 82.
Life of the characters
Early years
Sun Ke was born on October 20, 1891. Although Dr. Sun Yat Sen worked hard for the revolution all his life, for his only son, he not only acted as a father, but also as his son Sun Ke's life and revolutionary mentor. It was under his guidance that Sun Ke devoted himself to the revolution in his early years and held an important position in the Kuomintang for a long time. It was also under the supervision of his father that Sun Ke developed a good habit of reading, and encouraged himself by "cultivating his noble spirit and reading useful books". Until he moved to the United States in his later years, he still kept reading.
In 1895, Sun Ke moved to Honolulu, Hawaii with his grandmother. When Sun Ke was a middle school student in Honolulu in his early years, Sun Yat Sen once sent him a set of "Renren library" series books from England. These more than 100 volumes of English literature books are all novels and plays written by famous British and American writers. In the letter, he still warned his son: "if you want to improve your English, it's not necessary to rely on school textbooks alone Enough, we must read more literary masterpieces. As time goes by, we will naturally make progress. " Sun Ke plans to study agriculture after graduating from middle school. Sun Yat Sen appreciates his son's choice very much and chooses the school for him personally. He graduated from Honolulu high school, Bachelor of Arts, University of California, Berkeley, Columbia University, and honorary doctor of law, Columbia University.
After Sun Ke joined the alliance in Honolulu in 1907, Sun Yat Sen was very pleased to be a member of liberty new and loud weekly. After returning to China, the main content of Sun Yat Sen's and Sun Ke's letters was still reading. In 1910, he took part in the work of Liberty New Daily. He returned to China in 1917 and served as the Secretary of Grand Marshal's office in Guangzhou.
In 1912, Sun Ke and Chen Shuying got married in Honolulu. After marriage, they went to study in the United States, accompanied by Chen Shuying. The next year, in Berkeley, California, Chen Shuying gave birth to her eldest son. After his son was born, he went to inform his grandfather Sun Yat Sen by telegram. Sun Yat Sen wanted the country to be built at the beginning, and he wanted the people to be safe and the world to be peaceful, so he named his great grandson "peace". In 1914, Chen Shuying gave birth to her second son. At this time, Yuan Shikai attempted to restore the monarchy, and Sun Yat Sen founded the Chinese revolutionary party to rebuild the Republic of China. Sun Yat Sen's way of governing the country was to seek peace first and then prosperity, so he named his second son Zhiqiang.
Revolution with father
From 1918 to 1920, Sun Ke served as secretary of the extraordinary Senate and Guangzhou times. In 1919, Sun Ke wrote two books on urban planning and introduction to advertising psychology, and actively engaged in translation work, which was highly praised by his father. No matter where he went, the main communication between Sun Yat Sen and his son was almost based on books. Sun Ke recalled in the book of eighty: "my father sent me big bags of books from all over the world from time to time, asking me to read them. If he went to Nanyang, he would send almost all Chinese thread bound books; when he came to Europe and America, he would send all kinds of famous English books. " In 1923, the eldest daughter was born in Guangzhou, still named "suiying" by Sun Yat Sen. in 1925, Chen Shuying gave birth to the second daughter, Suihua. At this time, Sun Yat Sen had gone to Beijing.
On the issue of revolution, Sun Yat Sen never gave his son special care, or favoured him. When Sun Ke first returned home, Liao Zhongkai thought that he had studied Municipal Administration in the United States and had urban planning works, so he was an ideal candidate for mayor of Guangzhou. However, Sun Yat Sen thought that he was young and lacked administrative experience, so he was not allowed to do so. Later, he was persuaded by Hu Hanmin to formally appoint him. At that time, Sun Yat Sen's revolutionary army was in financial difficulties. Sun Ke made strong support for its financial preparation in Guangzhou and became an important position of the national government.
In 1921, Sun Ke was the mayor of Guangzhou and the governor of river management, and later the first mayor of Guangzhou. In 1923, Sun Ke was scolded by his father for raising military salaries. He thought that Hu Hanmin was the one who tried to stir up a feud between his father and son by borrowing orders to ask for money, and beat Hu Hanmin with a cane. As a result, Sun Yat Sen was shocked. Sun Yat Sen was furious, and he was about to beat Sun Ke when he seized the guard's refuting gun. But Sun Ke and Hu Hanmin did not get along with each other and developed mutual suspicion. Sun Yat Sen immediately wrote to him and said, "we should be honest and make concerted efforts to help the crisis." In February 1923, he became mayor of Guangzhou. In October, he participated in the reorganization of the Chinese Kuomintang and was designated as a member of the Provisional Central Executive Committee of the Kuomintang, responsible for drafting the party's platform and constitution. In 1924, he presided over the Guangzhou special party Department of the Kuomintang. In June, he cooperated with Huang Jilu to propose the case of impeachment of the Communist Party.
Serving in the government
In July 1925, the national government opened its office in Guangzhou as a member of the government. In January 1926, he served as executive member of the Central Committee of the Kuomintang. He became mayor of Guangzhou for the third time in May. In March 1927, he served as a member of the Standing Committee of the Kuomintang and the national government. In July, he joined Wang Zhaoming in the Qing Dynasty.
In 1928, with the completion of the northern expedition, China basically achieved formal unification, providing a "once-in-a-lifetime opportunity" for "national transformation". Sun Ke believes that "if there is a revolution but no construction, it can be said that the real meaning of the revolution is completely lost." Therefore, he advocated promoting the KMT's innovation in a gradual way to promote the development of China's modernization. In January 1928, Sun Ke, Hu Hanmin and Wu Chaoshu went to Britain, Germany and other places for investigation, drafted the outline of political training of the Chinese Kuomintang, and assisted in the formulation of the organic law of the national government of the Republic of China. In October, he served as Minister of Railways and vice president of the examination institute.
He became president of Jiaotong University in November 1928. He carried out the idea of "traffic administration and traffic education complement each other" and thought that personnel training is one of the important tasks of developing railway construction. He put forward the development strategy of "rebuilding Jiaotong University from the material aspect and lifting the spirit of Jiaotong University from the spiritual aspect" and implementing the consistent combination of Ministry (Ministry of Railways), railway (railway) and University (Jiaotong University) ". Under the guidance of his series of ideas, the university has strengthened its cooperation with the Ministry of railways, gained greater support and development space from the leadership system, discipline system, school running funds, talent outlet and other aspects, and created a "golden age" of talents in the history of the University.
In 1929, Sun Ke personally led the task of organizing a memorial school for the prime minister's hometown (today's Zhongshan Memorial Middle School). In 1931, he was re appointed as the chief executive and resigned immediately due to the financial crisis. In May of the same year, Wang Jingwei, Sun Ke and others set up a Guangzhou National Government in Guangzhou to confront Chiang Kai Shek's Nanjing government. After Sun Ke came to power, the government was in great financial difficulties and resigned within a month. Sun Ke called for the implementation of constitutionalism as soon as possible.
In 1932, he was appointed president of the legislature. He once advocated the implementation of constitutional system, but he was ignored by Chiang Kai Shek. During this period, he was re elected executive member of the Central Committee of the Kuomintang. In 1936, the "Sino Soviet cultural association" was established and became the first president. In 1938, Feng sent representatives of the Chinese government and Chiang Kai Shek's special envoy to negotiate with the Soviet Union, signed the Sino Soviet non aggression treaty and Sino Soviet business treaty, and sought the Soviet Union's assistance in China's Anti Japanese war. In November 1944, Sun Ke wrote an article in the New York Times about his long-standing ideal of realizing the British and American democratic systems in China. In 1945, he became Vice Chairman of the national government and President of the legislature, and member of the Central Standing Committee of the Kuomintang. In January 1946, he negotiated with the Communist Party of China on behalf of the Kuomintang, and then followed Chiang Kai Shek to attack the Communist occupied areas. In the second half of 1946, with the rapid changes in the domestic political environment, Sun Ke retreated from his original position, stopped the innovation propaganda, and turned to support Chiang Kai Shek's policy.
Step down in dismay
In 1947, he was also vice chairman of the national government. In 1948, he ran for vice president with Li Zongren, but he lost the election, and then became the premier again. In November 1948, he was appointed president by Jiang. From November 1948 to March 1949, Sun Ke became the executive president of the KMT. Under the background of the failure of the KMT's strategic decisive battle, he tried his best to force Chiang Kai Shek to step down and hold peace talks to seek "glorious peace" in order to save the KMT's rule. When Sun Ke's cabinet was formed, the people's Liberation Army surrounded Du Yuming group and prepared to gather and annihilate.
Li Zongren and Bai Chongxi of Guangxi took the opportunity to "force the palace" and demanded Chiang Kai Shek to go down to the field for peace talks. Jiang once promised to retire on New Year's day. Under this background, although Sun Ke repeatedly proposed peace talks to "President Jiang", he decided "not to make immediate efforts to reopen the peace talks, but to take a wait-and-see attitude temporarily, so as to wait for the right time.". Therefore, when it was reported in the news that he had sent representatives to Shanghai and Hong Kong to discuss the terms of peace talks with Li Jishen, he immediately denied it. In sun Keqi
Chinese PinYin : Sun Ke
Sun Ke
