Guo Zhen

Guo Yuanzhen

Guo Yuanzhen (656 ~ 713), whose real name is Guo Zhen, was born in Yangqu County, Bingzhou (now Yangqu County, Taiyuan City, Shanxi Province). He was born in Guixiang, Weizhou (now Daming County, Handan City, Hebei Province). During the Tang Dynasty, the prime minister and famous general was the son of Guo AI, the governor of Jizhou.

Born in the Guo family of Taiyuan, he became a Jinshi and a prefect of Tongquan county. Wu Zetian appreciated her writing of Baojian Pian, and was awarded the title of Youwu Weikai Cao Canjun and FengChen Jiancheng. He also offered the plan of estrangement, which led to the civil strife in Tubo and gave it to the doctor. In the first year of Dazu (701), he served as the governor of Liangzhou and the ambassador of Longyou army. He went to Turk in the north, Tubo in the west, and Daxing to tuntian, which promoted the stable development of Liangzhou area. He moved to Xiaowei general in the left and protected the capital of Anxi. Because he opposed the introduction of the Tibetan army to attack sugE, he offended the prime minister Zong Chuke and was almost framed. In the first year of Jingyun (710), he became a eunuch. In the following year, he worshipped the Sanpin of Zhongshu and the Minister of the Ministry of Li, changed the Minister of the Ministry of war, and became the Prime Minister of Guantao County. In the second year of Xiantian (713), he paid homage to the prime minister again, took part in the elimination of Princess Taiping group, and became the daiguo Gong, and became the general manager of Shuofang army. He took part in the martial arts teaching in Lishan of Emperor Xuanzong of Tang Dynasty, and committed the crime of disharmony of military capacity and exiled.

In the first year of Kaiyuan, he moved to Sima of Raozhou. He was depressed and died. At the age of 58, he pursued the crown prince Shaobao.

Life of the characters

Early deeds

In the fourth year of Xianheng (673), Guo Yuanzhen, who was only 18 years old, was appointed as the county captain of Tongquan county (now Shehong, Sichuan). During his term of office, Guo Yuanzhen often did some illegal things, even made private money and plundered people. The people hated him very much and thought it hard. At least until the second year of longevity (693), Guo Yuanzhen was still in Tongquan county. Later, Wu Zetian, the emperor of Wu Zhou, learned about this and called Guo Yuanzhen to the capital to punish him. However, after talking with him, she found that he was brilliant and asked for his article. Guo Yuanzhen presented his "sword chapter" to Wu Zetian, who praised it and asked Li Qiao and others to pass it on. He was appointed Cao Canjun, the right military guard, and later became the governor of FengChen.

Alienating Tubo

Long live Tongtian first year (696), Tubo please peace, Wu Zetian ordered Guo Yuanzhen to send an envoy to Tubo. The general of Tubo asked Wu Zhou to withdraw the garrison from the four towns of Anxi and take the place of Turks with ten surnames. Guo Yuanzhen said: "the four towns in Anxi, the Turks with ten surnames and the Tubo are different nationalities. Please withdraw the imperial garrison. Isn't there a plan to merge them?" On the Qinling Road: "if Tubo coveted land and wanted to become a Border disaster in the Central Plains, he would invade Ganzhou (now Zhangye in Gansu Province) and Liangzhou (now Wuwei in Gansu Province) to the East. How could he seek profits thousands of miles away?" Therefore, Lun Qinling sent envoys with Guo Yuanzhen to make the above request. At that time, the court hesitated. Guo Yuanzhen said: "on the request of the imperial mausoleum to strike and cede the land, this is the key to the interests. We should not make a decision easily. If you refuse him directly, it will certainly lead to deep border trouble. The interests of the four towns are far away from us, but the victims of Ganzhou and Liangzhou are very close to us, so we must consider them carefully. We should use stratagem to delay time, so that his hope of reconciliation will not be cut off. Those four towns and ten surnames are what Tubo want very much, and Qinghai and Tuyuhun are also important places of the country. We might as well reply: "four towns and ten surnames were originally useless to the Central Plains. The reason why we sent troops to defend them was to stabilize and comfort the western regions and disperse the military power of Tubo, so that Tubo could not invade eastward with all his strength. If Tubo didn't plan to invade to the East, it should be returned to our Tuyuhun tribes and the old place of Qinghai, and the wuqijin tribe of Western Turk should also be returned to Tubo. ". This was enough to stop talking about Qinling, and did not sever the relationship with him. If there is a slight violation of the imperial mausoleum, it is because he is unreasonable. Moreover, the four towns and the ten surnames have been sincerely attached to each other for a long time. If we don't examine their interests and interests, we will abandon them far away. I'm afraid that it will make all countries sad. It's not a good policy to control the four barbarians. " After hearing this, Wu Zetian agreed to his suggestion. Guo Yuanzhen added: "the Tibetan people, who suffered from corvee and military service, have long been willing to make peace with us. Only on the private interests of the imperial tomb's military dictatorship, they don't want to belong to it. If we send envoys every year to show our peace, and if Qinling is often disobeyed, then the resentment of Tubo people against Qinling will deepen day by day, and they will hope for the favor of the country day by day. If he wants to mobilize his people on a large scale, it will be difficult. This is also a way of gradual separation, which can make them suspicious and bring troubles from within. " Wu Zetian agreed. Later, the Tubo monarchs and ministers doubted each other. In the second year of the holy calendar (699), Tubo civil strife, on the Qin mausoleum was killed, his brother zanpo led the Ministry to Zhou. After hearing the news, Wu Zetian ordered Guo Yuanzhen and Meng Lingqing, the ambassador of Heyuan army, to lead cavalry to meet them. in the first year of Jiushi (700), the general of Tubo

Mangbu branch

He entered Liangzhou and was defeated by Tang Xiujing, the governor of Liangzhou. Guo Yuanzhen was also appointed a doctor and guest because of his involvement in military aircraft.

Governing Liangzhou

In the first year of Dazu (701), Guo Yuanzhen was promoted to governor of Liangzhou and Ambassador of Longyou. At that time, Liangzhou was no more than 400 miles north and south. Turks and tubos often invaded Liangzhou, which made Liangzhou's army and people feel bitter. After Guo Yuanzhen took office, he Rong City (today's Gulang, Gansu Province) was built in Xiakou of the southern border, and Bai Ting Army (today's northeast of Minqin, Gansu Province) was set up in the desert of the northern border, which controlled the traffic arteries of Liangzhou and expanded the Liangzhou border for 1500 Li. From then on, the soldiers and horses of Turks and Tubo could no longer invade the city. Guo Yuanzhen also asked Li Hantong, the governor of Ganzhou, to implement the policy of opening up farmland and make full use of the local river land to engage in agricultural production. previously, millet in Liangzhou was as high as several thousand yuan per plant. After planting in the fields, a piece of fine silk could be exchanged for dozens of grain, and the accumulated military grain could be used for decades. Guo Yuanzhen was good at pacifying and ruling the people. During his five years in Liangzhou, he was deeply respected by the local people of all ethnic groups. He had strict laws and regulations and strict military discipline, which made the rule of cattle and sheep everywhere.

Duhu Anxi

In the second year of Shenlong (706), Guo Yuanzhen was appointed general Zuo Xiaowei and commander Anxi. Later, the tribe of wuzile, the leader of Tuqi Shi, became strong and prosperous, and indicated that he was willing to make peace with the Tang Dynasty. Guo Yuanzhen went to Tuqi Shi Yazhang to discuss military matters. At that time, it was snowing heavily. Guo Yuanzhen stood outside the tent and talked with uzhile. As the snow grew thicker and thicker, Guo Yuanzhen kept his feet on the ground, while uzhile was frozen to death after the talks because he was old and weak and could not stand the cold. Suoge, wuzile's son, thinks that Guo Yuanzhen designed to kill his father and plans to lead his troops to attack the Tang army. After hearing the news, Xie Wan, the Deputy censor Zhongcheng, advised Guo Yuanzhen to escape overnight. Guo Yuanzhen said: "if I treat them sincerely, what can I doubt and fear! Besides, we are all in their sphere of influence. Even if we want to escape, where can we escape? " The next day, Guo Yuanzhen went to mourn in plain clothes. On the way, he met the soldiers of sugE. The enemy did not expect Guo Yuanzhen to come, and did not dare to act rashly, saying that they were coming to meet him. Guo Yuanzhen went into the tent to offer his condolence. He was very sad and left to help with the funeral. Moved by Guo Yuanzhen's sincerity, he sent envoys to the Tang Dynasty, offering 5000 good horses, 200 camels, and more than 100000 cattle and sheep. Soon after, the imperial court appointed Guo Yuanzhen as the general manager of Jinshan Daoxing army. In the second year of Jinglong (708), there were many conflicts between sugE and ashnaque. Que Chuo Zhong Jie was gradually defeated by major general Wei. Guo Yuanzhen then called que ChuZhong festival to the capital to stay in the guard, and moved his tribe to the areas of Guazhou (now Suoyang city in the southeast of Anxi, Gansu Province) and Shazhou (now Dunhuang West, Gansu Province). Que ChuZhong led his troops to withdraw to the East and met Zhou Yiti, the economic envoy of the western regions and the right Weiwei General of the Tang Dynasty, in Boxian city (now the southwest of Qiemo, Xinjiang). Zhou Yiti advised him not to enter the court, bribed prime ministers Zong Chuke and Ji Chuna, united with Anxi army and Tubo army to fight against sugE, and asked ceasina to offer as Khan to appease ten Turkic people. In this way, he could not only avenge sugE's bullying, but also keep control of the tribe, which was better than being controlled by others. Que ChuZhong Jie thought it so, so he led his army to capture Khotan City, and sent envoys to houbaizong Chuke and jichuna. When Guo Yuanzhen heard the news, he immediately went to Shanghai, tried his best to dissuade him, and carefully analyzed the current situation. He pointed out that if Tubo was introduced into the western regions, it would lead to the crisis of the four towns in Anxi. At the same time, he thought that the asnaxian, which que Chuo Zhongjie wanted to establish, was just as talented as asnayuanqing and asnahsero. However, the court did not accept his proposal. Soon after, the imperial court sent the imperial censor Zhongcheng Feng to pacify que chuzhongjie, to serve the imperial censor LV shousu to deal with the affairs of the four towns, appointed Niu Shizhen as the Deputy capital of Anxi, and led the troops of Ganzhou and Liangzhou, and joined hands with Tubo to attack sugE. Saola, the messenger of Suoge, was in Chang'an at this time. After hearing the news, she rushed back to inform Suoge. In a rage, soge launched four armies to attack Anxi, paihuan (now Aksu in Xinjiang), Yanqi and Shule respectively. Because of the great power of the sugE army, Guo Yuanzhen stationed troops in Shule and set up a fence at the mouth of the shulechi River (today's Kizil River). When Suoge greets guest Feng on the occasion of Que ChuZhong Festival, he sends troops to attack and capture que ChuZhong Festival alive, killing guest Feng. Not long after, LV shousu and Niu Shizhen were killed one after another. Suoge seized Anxi and cut off the road of four towns. The Chuke of Zong also asked Zhou Yiti to be the protector of Anxi Dadu, enlisted Guo Yuanzhen into the dynasty, and granted ashnaxian the title of Khan of ten surnames of Western Turks, and sent troops to Yanqi to fight against Suoge. Suo Ge wrote to Guo Yuanzhen and said, "I didn't have any conflict with the Han people, but I had a grudge against que Chuo Zhongjie. But Zong Shangshu accepted the bribe of Que ChuZhong Jie and wanted to send troops to attack my tribe without any reason. Feng Zhongcheng and Niu Duhu came with their troops one after another. How can I wait to die!

Chinese PinYin : Guo Zhen