Zheng Hua

Rama I

Jova juralo (March 20, 1737 - September 7, 1809), namely Rama I, was the first king of Thailand's Bangkok Dynasty (Chakri Dynasty). He was in power from 1782 to 1809. His real name is tongluan. Qing Shi Lu is called Zheng Hua, and Da Nan Shi Lu is called Zhi Zhi.

Tongluan was originally a nobleman of ayudoya Kingdom, whose ancestor was the famous diplomat zhaopiye goshaban. Later, tongluan became a famous general under Zheng Zhao, the king of tunwuli. He helped Zheng Zhao fight back the invasion of Myanmar and sent troops to Cambodia and Laos. In 1782, Zheng Zhao was overthrown in the rebellion. Tongluan put down the rebellion and deposed Zheng Zhao, who became king. During his reign, he moved the capital to the island of ratanagohin and established a new capital, Bangkok, on the island. From then on, the kingdom of ratanagohin in the history of Thailand began. During his reign, he repelled the invasion of Myanmar in 1785, intervened in the civil war in Vietnam, and controlled Cambodia.

Life of the characters

Ascend the throne

On April 6, 1782, after the overthrow of the tunwuli Dynasty, Zheng Xin crowned zhaopiyequekeri as king with the title of ramatieputi, who reigned from 1782 to 1809. His original name was tongluan, his father was a Siamese aristocrat, and his mother's name was daoroung, with some Chinese blood. The posthumous title of his grandson (Rama III) was king johuazhulaluo of parva, and Rama VI named him Rama I. most Siamese called him king I, and Zheng Hua was named in Chinese history books.

Moving the capital

After King I ascended the throne, the first important thing was to move the Imperial Palace from tunwuli to Bangkok, thus creating the Bangkok Dynasty, also known as the Chakri Dynasty. Bangkok became the fourth capital in the history of Thailand. Rama I gathered the craftsmen from all over the country and built a new palace following the palace model of the big city. In addition to demolishing the tunwuli fort and the city wall, most of the building materials needed came from the purchase sent by Emperor Daxin to China to build the world-famous Grand Palace and jade Buddha Temple. In order to imitate the pattern of the big city, he recruited tens of thousands of Cambodians from Cambodia to build a 3246 meter long, 20 meter wide and 2.5 meter deep moat. Another 5000 Laotians were recruited from Vientiane and other places to build the city walls and fortresses. A lot of manpower, material and financial resources were used in these projects. To this day, these are still well preserved, located in today's ratanagusin island area.

reform

King I tried his best to restore and develop centralization and set up the king's sacred and inviolable authority. The king is not only the supreme ruler of the dynasty, but also the embodiment of the country. All the laws and orders of the state should be promulgated by the king, the administrative affairs of the whole country should be carried out in the name of the king, the state affairs should be handled by the king himself, and the king and his family members should be regarded as gods. He restored and improved the feudal hierarchy, and the royal family members obtained the highest rank and the highest administrative rank, thus firmly holding the power in their own hands.

After the establishment of the Bangkok Dynasty, it repelled the invasion of the Burmese army for five times. The country gained unity and stability, production was restored and developed, the border was consolidated, and the sphere of influence of the great city was gradually restored, making Siam a great power in the Indochina peninsula again.

Culturally, at the beginning of the dynasty, King I set up a special religious affairs department to bring Buddhist organizations and activities under the jurisdiction of the royal family. Seven decrees on Siamese Buddhism were issued to adjust the rank of Buddhist positions, so as to improve the moral level of Buddhist monks and restore their power and prestige. Hundreds of eminent monks were invited to revise and compile the Thai version of the Buddhist Classic Sutra. The Jade Buddha temple built at that time is still well preserved.

The literature of King I period can be divided into religious literature, court literature and folk literature, but the latter is few. Poetry is the main form of expression at this time. In order to revive and prosper the literature of the Bangkok Dynasty, King I convened a meeting of monks and common literati from all over the country, asking them to praise the new dynasty and sort out the lost literary masterpieces. He also created it himself. He wrote the long song of anti Burmese battlefield, and the poem lillarino, written by the contemporary poet nalari, has become a famous piece handed down to later generations. On the basis of the collection and compilation by Emperor Daxin, King I sent people to collect and perfect the epic lamajian. Another important writer is piyahoo, who was in charge of foreign trade during the reign of King I. He is famous for his Baroness of piyappagosa. He wrote many poems, his representative work is the crown jewel poem, and he also created a precedent of writing in prose style. His historical novel the Lord of England was valued by King I. He also translated Chinese novel Romance of the Three Kingdoms under the instruction of King I, which made it widely spread in Siam.

As early as the period of tunwuli, the compilation of chronicles began. In 1795, King I convened a meeting of a group of scholars led by the phichas of the zhaopiye school to discuss the work of compiling Siamese chronicles. This chronicle was compiled by King I after King Nalai (1629-1688, king of Dacheng Kingdom). This chronicle is preserved by the art hall of Thailand, with 22 manuscripts. It records the history from the founding of the Thai people to the downfall of the tunburi Dynasty. Probably because it was kept by NUMA of panyizhuang, the Secretary of Prince Danlong, it was called annals of NuMA of panyizhuang.

King I attached great importance to the revision and formulation of the code. In 1804, he ordered to sort out the code. He ordered to compare the legal texts preserved by the royal court with those of the local court and other copies, and found many contradictions. Therefore, he appointed four ministers, three judges and four jurists to form an expert committee to be responsible for sorting out the code left over by the Dacheng Dynasty. Finally, a complete code will be collected, with three copies, one for the Royal Palace, one for the Council Hall of the Dali yuan, and one for the court of Bangkok. The code is stamped with the elephant head seal of the Ministry of internal affairs, the lion head seal of the Ministry of military affairs, and the lotus flower seal of the Ministry of finance. This is the famous code of three seals.

Personal life

There were many princes and concubines in his first life. Although the queen was his acknowledged hairy wife, he never officially conferred the title of queen in his whole life, which was completely because of his favorite WanFei. In her hometown of Laos, WanFei is said to be not only good-looking, but also good at making up. She often looks very beautiful. She was very much loved by King I. It can be seen from a story recorded in Prince pydeyelongong's three dynasties (1876-1945, pseudonym Nuo 椠椠 so): the Queen's son, issharosonton (Lama II), had a sexual relationship with her cousin, Princess benlo, which led to her pregnancy. No one dares to tell King I about this. Only princess Wan has the courage to solve this problem for Prince Lera. It's a pity that Princess Wan didn't give birth to half a boy and half a girl for King I, otherwise maybe the queen who was canonized would be her. Behind the Buddha statues in the main hall of the temple, there are a pair of stone statues of golden boy and jade girl, which are engraved with the poem " The God of heaven and earth hopes to have his children.... " "Kunshen" is a nickname of WanFei, which means tiger. It is said that she likes to curse and scare the little princes, so the little princes call her "Kun God". Siamese custom is that people who are superior to themselves can not be called by their first names, but by nicknames instead.) Because of the broken relationship between her king and queen, she was not canonized as the first wife in her whole life. She was not officially canonized as empress dowager of Songde until her son, isharo songtun, ascended the throne.

Rama I died on September 7, 1809. Isharosontun succeeded to the throne for Rama II.

Relations with China

During his reign, zhaopiyequekeri had frequent contacts with China and sent envoys to pay tribute five times.

The five times of paying tribute during the reign of zhaopiyequekeri are as follows:

On the eighth day of may in the fifty first year of Qianlong reign, Siamese script was translated according to the Ministry of rites.

On the 9th day of May, the 53rd year of Qianlong reign, according to Siam, he translated the yellow paper and the text himself.

On August 27, the 54th year of Emperor Qianlong, according to the oracle.

On the second day of August in the 55th year of Qianlong, according to the oracle.

On the 24th of the first month of Jiaqing, according to the transcript of the Ministry of rites.

In addition, "Rama" actually means Rama in the Indian epic "Ramayana", which represents the most ideal monarch who is deified to rule on the earth. It also shows that Thailand is deeply influenced by Indian culture.

Chinese PinYin : Zheng Hua