Li Desheng

Mao Zedong

Mao Zedong (December 26, 1893 - September 9, 1976), the word Runzhi (original Yongzhi, later changed to Runzhi), pen name Zi Ren. He is from Xiangtan, Hunan Province. Leaders of the Chinese people, great Marxists, proletarian revolutionaries, strategists and theorists, major founders and leaders of the Communist Party of China, the Chinese people's Liberation Army and the people's Republic of China, politicians, militarists, poets and calligraphers.

From 1949 to 1976, Mao Zedong was the supreme leader of the people's Republic of China. His contribution to the development of Marxism Leninism, military theory and the Communist Party is called Mao Zedong thought. Because almost all of Mao Zedong's main positions were called chairman, he was also honored as "Chairman Mao".

Mao Zedong is regarded as one of the most important figures in modern world history, and Time magazine also rated him as one of the 100 most influential people in the 20th century.

Life of the characters

Mao Zedong was born in a peasant family on December 26, 1893. After the outbreak of the revolution of 1911, he served as a soldier in the new army for half a year.

He studied in Hunan First Normal School from 1914 to 1918. On the eve of graduation, he and Cai Hesen organized the revolutionary group Xinmin society.

Before and after the May 4th movement, he contacted and accepted Marxism. In November 1920, he founded a Communist Organization in Hunan.

In July 1921, he attended the first National Congress of the Communist Party of China and later served as secretary of the Hunan District Committee of the Communist Party of China, leading the workers' movements in Changsha, Anyuan and other places.

In June 1923, he attended the "Third National Congress" of the Communist Party of China and was elected as the executive member of the Central Committee to participate in the leadership work of the Central Committee.

After the cooperation between the Kuomintang and the Communist Party in January 1924, he was elected as an alternate executive member of the Central Committee at the first and second national congresses of the Kuomintang. He once served as acting director of the Propaganda Department of the Central Committee of the Kuomintang in Guangzhou, edited political weekly, and hosted the sixth seminar of the peasant movement.

In November 1926, he served as secretary of the Peasant Movement Committee of the CPC Central Committee.

In 1925, Chen Dongchun published his critical report on the proletarian struggle in China, and analyzed the importance of the proletarian struggle in China.

After the collapse of the cooperation between the Kuomintang and the Communist Party, at the emergency meeting of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China in August 1927, he put forward the idea that "power is obtained from the barrel of a gun", that is, to seize power with revolutionary forces, and was elected as an alternate member of the Political Bureau of the Central Committee. After the meeting, he led the Autumn Harvest Uprising on the border of Hunan and Jiangxi. Then he led the uprising troops to Jinggangshan, launched the agrarian revolution, and founded the first rural revolutionary base.

In April 1928, he joined the uprising army led by Zhu De and established the Fourth Army of the workers' and peasants' Revolutionary Army (soon renamed the Red Army). He was party representative and Secretary of the former enemy Committee. The Chinese Communists represented by him, proceeding from China's reality, developed armed struggle in the rural areas where the Kuomintang regime was relatively weak, and created the road of encircling the city with the countryside and finally seizing the power of the city and the whole country. Why can China's red regime exist? 》This problem has been expounded theoretically in the works of "a single spark can start a prairie fire" and "a single spark can start a prairie fire".

In May 1930, he wrote against Ben Ben ism and put forward the famous thesis of "no investigation, no voice". In August, the first front army of the Red Army was established as the general political commissar. Since the end of 1930, he and Zhu De led the first front Red Army to defeat the Kuomintang army's "encirclement and suppression" for many times. After the "left" line leading group represented by Wang Ming entered the central revolutionary base, Mao Zedong was excluded from the leadership of the party and the Red Army, which led to the failure of the fifth "encirclement and suppression" campaign of the first front army of the Red Army.

On November 7, 1931, the provisional government of the Soviet Republic of China was established in Ruijin, Jiangxi Province, and was elected chairman.

In January 1933, he was elected as a member of the Political Bureau of the CPC Central Committee.

In October 1934, he took part in the long march of the first front army of the Red Army.

During the Long March, the Political Bureau of the CPC Central Committee held an enlarged meeting in Guizhou in January 1935, which established a new central leadership represented by Mao Zedong. In October, the CPC Central Committee and the first front red army arrived in Northern Shaanxi, ending the long march. In December, he made a report on the strategy of opposing Japanese imperialism, which clarified the Anti Japanese national united front policy.

In October 1936, the three main forces of the red army joined forces. In December 1936, he and Zhou Enlai promoted the peaceful settlement of the Xi'an Incident, which became the pivot of the current situation transformation from the civil war to the second cooperation between the Kuomintang and the Communist Party and the common resistance against Japan. In the same month, he wrote strategic issues of China's revolutionary war.

In the summer of 1937, he wrote on practice and on contradiction. After the beginning of the Anti Japanese War, the CPC Central Committee headed by him adhered to the principle of independence in the United Front, made great efforts to mobilize the masses, launched guerrilla war behind the enemy lines, and established many large Anti Japanese base areas.

In October 1938, the guiding principle of "Sinicization of Marxism" was put forward at the Sixth Plenary Session of the enlarged Sixth Central Committee of the Communist Party of China. During the Anti Japanese War, he published such important works as on protracted war, the address of the Communist Party and on new democracy.

In February 1942, he led the whole party to carry out the rectification movement, corrected subjectivism and sectarianism, made the whole party further grasp the basic direction of combining the universal truth of Marxism Leninism with the concrete practice of the Chinese revolution, and laid the ideological foundation for winning the victory of the Anti Japanese War and the national revolution.

In March 1943, he was elected chairman of the Political Bureau of the CPC Central Committee. In May, he led the army and the people in the base area to carry out the production movement and passed through serious economic difficulties.

From April to June 1945, he presided over the Seventh National Congress of the Communist Party of China and gave a report on coalition government. The Congress formulated the strategy of "mobilizing the masses freely, strengthening the people's strength, defeating the Japanese aggressors under the leadership of the Communist Party, liberating the people of the whole country, and building a new democratic China". Mao Zedong thought was determined as the guiding ideology of the CPC at this Congress. He served as chairman of the CPC Central Committee from the first plenary session of the Seventh Central Committee to his death on September 9, 1976.

After the victory of the Anti Japanese War, in view of the reality that Chiang Kai Shek tried to eliminate the Communist Party and its armed forces, he put forward the policy of "tit for tat". In August 1945, he went to Chongqing to negotiate with Chiang Kai Shek, indicating the Communist Party of China's desire for domestic peace.

After Chiang Kai Shek launched an all-out civil war in the summer of 1946, Mao Zedong, Zhu De and Zhou Enlai led the Chinese people's Liberation Army to carry out active defense, concentrate superior forces and annihilate the enemy.

From March 1947 to March 1948, with Zhou Enlai and Ren Bishi, he moved to northern Shaanxi to command the northwest battlefield and the national liberation war. In the summer of 1947, the Chinese people's Liberation Army turned from strategic defense to strategic attack. Under the leadership of the Party Central Committee headed by him, it overthrew the Kuomintang government through the three major battles of Liaoshen, Huaihai and Pingjin, and the battle of crossing the Yangtze River in April 1949.

In March 1949, he presided over the second plenary session of the Seventh Central Committee of the Communist Party of China and made an important report. He decided to shift the focus of the party's work from the countryside to the city, stipulated the party's basic policies after the national victory, and called on the whole party to maintain a modest, prudent, not arrogant, not impatient style of work, and to continue to maintain the style of hard struggle. On July 1, he published "on the people's democratic dictatorship", which stipulated the nature of the people's Republic's political power and its basic policies at home and abroad.

On October 1, 1949, the people's Republic of China was founded, and he was elected president of the Central People's government.

In June 1950, he presided over the Third Plenary Session of the Seventh Central Committee of the Communist Party of China and put forward the general task of fighting for the basic improvement of the country's financial and economic situation. In October, the CPC Central Committee headed by him decided to carry out the war of resisting US aggression and aiding Korea because of the situation that the US army invaded the Democratic People's Republic of Korea and threatened Northeast China.

From 1950 to 1952, under his leadership, he carried out land reform, suppression of counter revolution and other democratic reforms, launched the "three anti" movement against corruption, waste and bureaucracy, and the "five anti" movement against bribery, tax evasion, theft of state property, theft of labor and materials, and theft of economic intelligence.

In June 1953, according to his suggestion, the CPC Central Committee announced the party's general line in the transitional period, and began to systematically carry out socialist industrialization and the socialist transformation of private ownership of means of production.

In September 1954, the first session of the first National People's Congress adopted the constitution of the people's Republic of China drafted under his leadership. At this session, he was elected the first president of the people's Republic of China and held office until April 1959.

In April 1956, he made a speech on the ten major relations, which made some preliminary explorations on the road of building socialism suitable for China's national conditions. Then, at the enlarged meeting of the Political Bureau of the CPC Central Committee, the policy of "letting a hundred flowers blossom and a hundred schools of thought contend" was put forward. In September, the socialist transformation of private ownership of means of production was basically completed, and the Eighth National Congress of the Communist Party of China was held, pointing out that the main task of the people of the whole country has been transformed into concentrating on the development of social productive forces. However, this guideline was not seriously implemented later, which led to a series of errors and setbacks in guiding work in the future.

In February 1957, in his speech on Correctly Handling Contradictions among the people, he put forward the theory of correctly distinguishing and handling contradictions of different nature between the enemy and ourselves and among the people in socialist society.

nineteen

Chinese PinYin : Li De Sheng