Zhang Wei

Zhang Wei

Zhang Wei (1913.05.22-2001.10.04), born in Beijing, is a solid mechanics scientist, structural mechanics and engineering education expert.

He graduated from Tangshan Jiaotong University with a bachelor's degree in engineering in 1933 (22 years of the Republic of China), obtained a master's degree in engineering from Imperial College London in 1938 (27 years of the Republic of China), and obtained a doctor's degree in engineering from Berlin Polytechnic School in 1944 (33 years of the Republic of China). In the same year, he obtained the asymptotic stress state of the ring shell under rotationally symmetric load for the first time in the world Solution. He joined the Communist Party of China in 1956, was selected as an academician of the Chinese Academy of Engineering in 1994, founded Shenzhen University in 1983, and was selected as an academician of the Chinese Academy of Sciences in 1955.

Zhang Wei has been engaged in the teaching and research of structural mechanics and solid mechanics for a long time, and has made great contributions to the cultivation of mechanics talents in China. He has participated in the long-term development plan of science and technology in China for three times, and served as the leader of the water conservancy group and the deputy leader of the mechanics group of civil engineering construction, which has promoted the establishment and development of some emerging disciplines in China. The static and dynamic theories of plates and shells are studied. He has edited the collection of shell literature, mechanics series and translation series of world famous mechanical works.

Life of the characters

Zhang Wei was born on May 22, 1913, into a family of tax officials in Beijing. His father, Zhang Tu, was a student of the old Beijing translation school. In the late Qing Dynasty and the early Republic of China, he worked for the Taxation Bureau of Anyang County, Henan Province, and also served as a tutor. Two years after Zhang Wei was born, his father passed away. He lived on his father's savings and his brother's salary. His family was very poor. In 1915 (the fourth year of the Republic of China), two years after Zhang Wei was born, his father passed away. He lived on his father's savings and his brother's salary, and his family was very poor. In 1918 (the seventh year of the Republic of China), he was admitted to Beijing primary school at the age of 5, admitted to Beijing NO.4 middle school at the age of 11, and transferred to Tianjin Beiyang University at the age of 15. In 1929 (18 years of the Republic of China), he was admitted to the Department of civil engineering of Tangshan Jiaotong University (now Southwest Jiaotong University) at the age of 16. At that time, the school was called Tangshan Institute of technology of national Jiaotong University. Zhang Wei was obsessed with mathematics and physics, especially mathematics. He was outstanding in his studies at university. In 1933, when he was 20 years old, he graduated from the Department of Civil Engineering (major in Structural Engineering) of Tangshan Jiaotong University with excellent results and obtained a bachelor's degree in engineering. After graduating from University, Zhang Wei was assigned to practice in Longhai railway, the main railway artery connecting the East and the west, which was still extending westward at that time. He traveled to the construction site of Tongxi section from Tongguan to Xi'an and worked in Huayin and Baqiao to assist in railway construction. In April 1934 (the 23rd year of the Republic of China), he returned to Tangshan Jiaotong University as an assistant professor of structural mechanics and structural engineering. During this period, he began to form an indissoluble bond with mechanics. from 1933 to 1934, the United States published a new version of the railway bridge code. Zhang Wei consulted a large number of mechanical works and literature, and wrote a discussion paper on the mechanical theoretical basis of the content of the code. This paper, with its unique insight, was highly praised by the chief professor in the process of application and admission of gengzi indemnity. He arrived in London in the middle of September 1937 and studied under the guidance of Professor Pippard of the Civil Engineering Department of Imperial College. A year later, he received a diploma from Imperial College. During the winter vacation, he went to Germany for investigation. He was very interested in the research of shell theory by Professor Terk of Berlin polytechnic school. Seeing that shell theory would shine in solid mechanics and structural engineering, he decided to study in Germany. In July 1938 (the 27th year of the Republic of China), he went to the teaching and research section of engineering mechanics, Department of civil engineering, Berlin Institute of technology, and studied the shell theory under the guidance of Professor Terk. In 1941, Zhang Wei and Lu Shijia got married in Germany. in February 1942 (31 years of the Republic of China), he was a teaching assistant in the Department of engineering mechanics of Berlin polytechnic school, engaged in teaching and scientific research, and completed the research of tunnel stress analysis and elastic wave oil exploration. In October 1944 (the 33rd year of the Republic of China), he passed the thesis defense with excellent results and obtained the doctor's degree of engineering. In this paper, Zhang Wei first solved the problem of solving the stress state of Toroidal Shells under arbitrary rotationally symmetric loads in the world by using the equation derived by terke, asymptotic method and Bessel function. in September 1945 (the 34th year of the Republic of China), he was allowed to move to Switzerland and worked as a research engineer in the research department of Escher Weiss machinery factory, which was famous at that time. He was engaged in the research of fork tube and disk blade in rotating machinery and was waiting for the opportunity to return home. In May 1946 (the 35th year of the Republic of China), after learning that he could return to China, Zhang Wei resolutely terminated his contract, took his wife and daughter from Marseille port, France, by boat, passed through Saigon and Hong Kong, and went through hardships to return to the motherland Shanghai. In May 1946, with the help of the Chinese Embassy in Paris, Zhang weishang decided to terminate the contract with the consent of the factory. Without waiting for the bank to unfreeze, he took the little money he had with him. With the help of the Chinese Embassy in Paris, the three of his family took a boat from Marseilles port, passed through Saigon and Hong Kong, and went through hardships to return to the motherland's Shanghai. After returning to China, he was successively employed in Tongji University, Beiyang University, and Tsinghua University in 1947 (the 36th year of the Republic of China). He shared the teaching of mechanics with Qian Weichang, who had been teaching in Tsinghua University. He has taught material mechanics, advanced material mechanics, structural mechanics, elastic-plastic mechanics and plate and shell theory. Since 1951, due to the needs of the adjustment and development of colleges and departments, Zhang Wei began to take charge of administration, teaching and scientific research management. In 1952, he was in charge of the Engineering Department of the Construction Committee of the three universities (Tsinghua University, Peking University and Yanjing). In 1954, he served as the director of the Construction Committee of Tsinghua University, contributing to the capital construction of the three universities and Tsinghua University. From 1952 to 1956, he was the director of the Department of civil engineering of Tsinghua University. In 1956, Zhang Wei participated in the formulation of China's 12 year scientific long-term plan and served as the leader of the soil and water conservancy construction group. In 1958, he established the Department of Engineering Mechanics mathematics and was the first director of the Department. After 1957, Zhang Wei served as vice president of Tsinghua University, successively in charge of teaching and scientific research, until the "Cultural Revolution" in 1966. In 1962, he also participated in the formulation of the ten-year scientific development plan, served as the deputy leader of the mechanics group of the scientific development plan, proposed with Guo yonghuai, Liu Huixian and other experts, and listed the anti explosion and anti-seismic issues in the national plan for the first time. After 1957, Zhang Wei served as vice president of Tsinghua University, successively in charge of teaching and scientific research, until the "Cultural Revolution" in 1966. In 1977, Zhang Wei returned to work. In 1978, he also participated in the formulation of the eight year plan for the development of science and technology, and served as the executive deputy leader of the theoretical and applied mechanics group, making efforts and contributions to the development of engineering mechanics in China. From 1987 to 1990, he also served as the director of the science and Technology Committee of the State Education Commission. In 1983, he was appointed by the State Education Commission as the first president of Shenzhen University. He took the lead in implementing the work study system for students, and carried out a series of reforms in faculty appointment, department setting, and teaching plan, which made contributions to the establishment of Shenzhen University. From 1980 to 1987, he served two terms as member of the Academic Degrees Committee of the State Council and leader of the mechanics discipline group. From 1987 to 1990, he served as director of the science and Technology Committee of the State Education Commission. In 1994, the Chinese Academy of engineering was established, and he was selected as one of the first academicians of the Chinese Academy of engineering. died on October 4, 2001.

Main achievements

Achievements in scientific research

In terms of scientific research, Zhang Wei has made a systematic and pioneering research work in the field of toroidal shell. In 1944, the asymptotic solution of the stress state of the ring shell under rotationally symmetric load was obtained for the first time. Engaged in the research of elastic-plastic mechanics, plate and shell theory and structural engineering, especially the strength, buckling, vibration and engineering application of annular shell and elbow, the research of structural integrity and safety evaluation of nuclear power plant piping system and main sodium pool of fast breeder reactor, the analytical method, semi analytical numerical method, numerical calculation, mechanical test and other methods are used to analyze the engineering background of nuclear power plant The strength and stability of the structure are analyzed. He is also engaged in the research of "the development history of major advanced higher engineering education in the United States and Europe" and the collation of "shell literature database". Zhang Wei has profound knowledge in elastic-plastic mechanics, plate and shell theory and structural engineering, especially the strength, buckling, vibration and engineering application of annular shells and elbows, structural integrity and safety evaluation of nuclear power plant piping system and main sodium pool of fast breeder reactor. Zhang Wei creatively uses analytical method, semi analytical numerical method, numerical calculation, mechanical test and other methods to analyze the strength and stability of structures with strong engineering background. Zhang Wei is engaged in the research of "the development history of major advanced higher engineering education in the United States and Europe" and the collation of "shell literature database". he has won the first prize of science and technology progress of State Education Commission, the third prize of science and technology progress of State Education Commission, science and technology award of Chinese Academy of engineering, etc.

personnel training

In the autumn of 1947, he came to Tsinghua garden and began his teaching career. He successively taught material mechanics, advanced material mechanics, structural mechanics, elastic-plastic mechanics and plate and shell theory. Zhang Wei has taught and trained a large number of graduate students. As a leader of Tsinghua University, he played an important role in the formation of school running ideas.

honor

Chinese PinYin : Zhang Wei