Zhu

Zhu

Zhu, one of the Chinese surnames, is a typical multi-ethnic and multi-source surname, which mainly comes from Ji, Qi, Zi and the change of ethnic minorities' surnames. Zhu Xiang is regarded as the ancestor of the Zhu family.

Zhu's family name ranked 17th in the song edition of the Hundred Surnames. By 2013, Zhu's family name ranked 13th in China, mainly distributed in Jiangsu, Zhejiang and Anhui, accounting for about 1.2% of the national population, with a total population of more than 15 million.

In Chinese history, the Zhu family once established two dynasties, in addition to the Ming Dynasty established by Zhu Yuanzhang, the other is the Houliang Dynasty established by Zhu Wen in the period of Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms.

Historical development

Origin of surname

1. It originated from Zhu Xiang's family and took the ancestor's name as the surname. Zhu Xiang, a minister of Fuxi family, was granted the title of Zhu (today's Zhecheng, Shangqiu, Henan Province) and took the pure hearted wood Zhu as the totem. Later, Zhu Xiang became "Emperor Yan". Zhu Xiang of three generations of Yan emperors lived in Zhecheng, Henan Province, and his descendants took Zhu as their surname. The first celebrity of Zhu's family name was Zhu Hu, the Minister of Yushun. Zhu Hu's clan may be the descendants of Zhu Xiang's family. Zhu Zhang, a hermit in the Western Zhou Dynasty, Zhu Mao in the Warring States period, Zhu Hai, a powerful man in the Wei Dynasty, and Zhu Jin, the Marquis of Zhongyi in the Western Han Dynasty, are the descendants of Zhu Hu. In the pre Qin period, it was active in Hebei, Shandong and Henan.

2. It originated from the surname Cao and took the name of the country as its surname (because the ancestor of the surname de was Cao Jia, this branch is also considered to originate from the surname Cao). It is said that King Wu of the Zhou Dynasty granted Cao the throne of Ying and established his capital in Ying. His family members took the state name as their surname, the Ying family. During the Warring States period, the Chu state destroyed the Ying State, and the nobles of the Ying State fled everywhere. In order not to forget the motherland, they removed the ear and changed their surname to Zhu.

3. It comes from the surname Zi and takes the ancestor's name as the surname. After Zhu, a descendant of Weiziqi, the monarch of the Song Dynasty. In the early Western Zhou Dynasty, King Cheng of Zhou granted the title of "Wei Zi", the elder brother of King Zhou of Shang Dynasty, to Shangqiu and establish the state of song to worship Shang. After the death of Prince Zhu, a descendant of song Weizi, the descendants of Prince Zhu took his name as their surname and called it "Zhu's".

4. It comes from the surname Ji and takes the name of the country as the surname. The ancient Ying clan mainly lived in Zouxian, Shandong Province.

5. It comes from the Qi surname and takes the ancestor's name as the surname. It originated from Danzhu, the son of Emperor Yao, and took Danzhu as the first ancestor of his surname. It is the direct descendant of Emperor Yao. After Shun defeated Danzhu in Danpu, one branch of Danzhu's descendants migrated to southwest China. In the pre Qin period, it was mainly distributed in the field of Cangwu (now Jiuyi mountain in Ningyuan, Hunan). They survived in the social evolution and developed into a famous family in peiguo County in the Sui and Tang Dynasties, and became an important branch of the Zhu family today.

6. From the change of surname:

① Xianbei changed Zhu's surname: it comes from the Xianbei tribes in the northern and Southern Dynasties and belongs to the Han nationality. During the northern and Southern Dynasties, tuobahong of Xiaowen in the Northern Wei Dynasty began to carry out a large-scale Sinicization reform policy after he moved his capital to Luoyang. During this period, some northern minorities changed their compound surname to Han surname Zhu.

② Mongolian changed Zhu's surname: it comes from the Mongolian master Er Qi tribe in the Yuan Dynasty and belongs to the Han changed surname. The zhuerjit family of the Mongolian nationality, who lived in xilatala (now YONGGU Town, Zhangye, Gansu Province), has the Han surname Zhu since the middle of the Qing Dynasty; the zhuerqi family of the Mongolian nationality, who lived in salhazhan (now Tongliao, Inner Mongolia), has the Han surnames Zhu and Deng since the middle of the Qing Dynasty; the zhuergut family of the Mongolian nationality, who lived in Horqin (now Horqin, Jilin Province), has the Han surname Zhu and Deng since the middle of the Qing Dynasty The guanhan surnames are Zhu, Zhou and Kang.

③ It originated from other ethnic minorities and belongs to the Han nationality. In Mulao, Miao, Yao, Tujia, Naxi, Dongxiang, Bai and other ethnic minorities, there are Zhu people. Most of its sources were in the Tang, song, yuan, Ming and Qing Dynasties, when the central government carried out the Jimi policy and the movement of changing the land to Liu, Liu changed to the Han surname Zhu.

④ It originated from the change of surname, which was given by the emperor. When the Ming Dynasty was established, he was given the surname Zhu to show his favor. There are two kinds of surnames: one is to give the foreign barbarians the surname of Zhu, so as to win over and show tenderness; the other is to give the surname to praise the subordinates and show favor.

The ancestor of the surname de

Zhu Xiang's, Zhu Jia's, Zhu Xingjing's and Zhu Zhen's are the ancestors of the de surname.

Migration communication

The surname Zhu originated in Zhecheng County, Shangqiu City, Henan Province. In the Western Zhou Dynasty, King Wu of Zhou granted Cao Jia (now Southeast of Qufu, Shandong Province), and later some of the Ying people moved to Danyang, Anhui Province and Dantu, Jiangsu Province; in the middle of the Warring States period, King Xuan of Chu destroyed the Ying State and moved the Ying people to Chu (now northwest of Huanggang, Hubei Province).

During the Qin and Han Dynasties, the surname Zhu was widely distributed in the Central Plains and East China. During the Wei and Jin Dynasties, the Zhu family continued to move south, but the main breeding places were still in the Huaihe River and most areas of the lower reaches of the Yangtze River. In the Tang Dynasty, the surname Zhu appeared in Guangdong. The Ming Dynasty was the heyday of Zhu's family. Zhu's family rapidly developed to the whole country. People of Zhu's family who lived in Fujian, Guangdong and other coastal areas moved to Taiwan one after another. In the Qing Dynasty, some people migrated to Southeast Asia, some European and American countries and regions.

population distribution

During the Song Dynasty, there were about 1.1 million people surnamed Zhu, accounting for 1.4% of the national population, ranking tenth. Jiangxi is the largest province of Zhu family, accounting for about 15.8% of the total population of Zhu family in China. In the whole country, the distribution is mainly concentrated in Jiangxi, Henan, Jiangsu and Zhejiang, which account for about 50% of the total population. Secondly, it is distributed in Sichuan, Anhui, Hubei, etc. At that time, Jiangxi, Jiangsu, Zhejiang, Anhui, Henan, Sichuan and Hubei were the two major gathering areas of Zhu's surname.

During the Ming Dynasty, there were about 1.86 million people surnamed Zhu, accounting for about 2% of the national population, ranking 11th. In Zhejiang Province, Zhu is the largest, accounting for 19.4% of the total population. It is distributed in Zhejiang, Jiangsu and Jiangxi provinces, accounting for about 51% of the total population of Zhu. Secondly, it is distributed in Gansu, Shandong and Fujian provinces. During the 600 years of song, yuan and Ming Dynasties, the population of Zhu family moved from the north to the southeast and south, and also to the northwest and southwest. The whole country has re formed three Zhu population gathering areas: Jiangsu, Zhejiang, Jiangxi, Shandong, Fujian and Gansu.

At present, the population of Zhu family has reached more than 15 million, which is the 13th largest family name in China, accounting for about 1.2% of the national population. In the 600 years since the Ming Dynasty, the population of Zhu family has increased from 1.86 million to 15 million, an increase of about eight times. The growth rate of Zhu's population is much lower than that of the whole country. This may be related to the fact that after the fall of the Ming Dynasty, the royal family changed their surnames because they were hunted down and avoided national calamities, and the other surnames changed their surnames back to the original one after another. The distribution in China is mainly concentrated in Jiangsu, Henan, Anhui, Zhejiang and Guangdong provinces, accounting for about 44% of the total population of Zhu. Secondly, it is distributed in Hunan, Shandong, Hubei, Sichuan, Jiangxi, Yunnan, Hebei and Shanghai, accounting for about 34%. Jiangsu is the largest province of Zhu family, accounting for about 15% of the population of Zhu family in China. The high-density residential areas of Zhu family in Jiangsu, Zhejiang and Anhui have been formed in China.

The distribution frequency of the population of Zhu's family in modern times is as follows: Jiangsu, Anhui, Zhejiang and Jiangxi, southern Shandong, Eastern Hubei and Hunan, Northern Fujian, central and northern Guangdong, most of Yunnan, southern Sichuan, southwestern Guizhou and northern Inner Mongolia. Generally, the proportion of Zhu's family in the local population is more than 1.32%, and the highest is 2.4% in some areas. The coverage area of the above areas accounts for 14% of the total land area, and about 45.5% of Zhu's family live Group. In most parts of Shandong, Henan, Hubei, Shaanxi and Gansu, Ningxia, Sichuan and Guizhou, Chongqing, Guangxi, Western Hunan, Western and eastern Guangdong, Hainan, Southern Fujian, Taiwan, Eastern Qinghai, northeast Xinjiang, central and Eastern Inner Mongolia, Eastern Hebei, Beijing and Tianjin, Heiji and Liao, the Zhu family generally accounts for 0.66% - 1.32% of the local population, and the above areas account for the total area of the country Forty six percent of the area of the ten counties is inhabited by about 52 percent of the people surnamed Zhu.

traditional culture

County Hall

Wu County, Liang County, Pei County, Fengyang County, Henan County, Danyang County, Yiyang County, Qiantang County, Zhecheng County, Taikang County, Yongcheng county.

Bailu Hall: Zhu Xi, a neo Confucianist of the Song Dynasty, once gave lectures in Bailudong academy, so it is called "Bailu hall".

Jujingtang: Zhu Xi advocated the teaching principle of "step by step, jujingzhizhi". Jujingzhizhi means that teachers should not only teach, but also educate people. They should not only teach by words, but also teach by deeds. Every word and deed of teachers should set an example for students, so it is called "jujingtang".

Zhechuantang: in the Han Dynasty, there was an order from Huaili to Zhu Yun, who wrote a memorial to the court asking him to kill the treacherous minister Zhang Yu. He angered the emperor and ordered the executioner to carry out the execution. Zhu Yun climbs the threshold of the golden hall with both hands, and the executioner pulls Zhu Yun hard. As a result, the threshold of the hall is broken.

Yi Ben Tang: a branch of the Zhu family moved to Yuyao to establish the Tang with hope.

Ziyang Hall: Zhu Xi, also known as Ziyang, was a Jinshi in Shaoxing. He was presented to the grand master by Emperor LiZong of the Song Dynasty, and was awarded the title of "Xin Guo Gong" and "Hui Guo Gong". Zhu Xi wrote many works, which had a great influence on later generations. In modern times, Zhu family took Ziyang hall as its origin.

Ancestral couplet

He who bears the burden is diligent in reading; he who breaks the threshold is loyal.

According to the first couplet, Zhu Maichen, a native of Wuxian County in the Western Han Dynasty, was named wengzi. Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty was then the prefect of Kuaiji, and later the head of the government, the Duwei and the prime minister. The second couplet alludes to Zhu Yun, a man of Pingling in the Western Han Dynasty, who was an upright and loyal minister.

Ziyang Shize; Bailu Jiasheng.

Zhu Xi of the Song Dynasty, also known as Ziyang. He once taught in Bailudong Academy.

Luantai is straight on the surface; Ludong is vertical.

According to the Shanglian code, Zhu Jingze of the Tang Dynasty strongly admonished Wei Zhizhong and Zhang Shuo to avoid their death. In the second couplet, Zhu Xi of the Southern Song Dynasty gave lectures on Bailudong academy and made academic rules.

The song is all over Nanyang.

The first couplet records Zhu Yi, a native of Shudi in the Han Dynasty, who was honest and just but not harsh. He was respected and loved by the officials and the people, and later became a great Minister of agriculture in the dynasty. The following couplet says that Zhu Hui, a native of Nanyang in the Eastern Han Dynasty, was named Wenji. Later, he was the official of Huaihe Prefecture. He suppressed evil and promoted good, and the officials and the people were afraid of love.

Wuyuan Zhushi; Hui

Chinese PinYin : Zhu