Indian grass

indian hemp

This data is reviewed by the project of data compilation and application of Science Encyclopedia of science popularization in China.

Cannabisindica, also known as Indian grass, is a kind of annual herb, which can be used as hypnotic, analgesic and sedative. Generally speaking, marijuana that can be made into drugs does not refer to all kinds of marijuana, but specifically refers to the shorter and more branched varieties of Indian marijuana.

morphological character

Annual erect herbs, 1-3 m high, branches with longitudinal grooves, dense gray white appressed hairs. Leaves palmately divided, lobes lanceolate or linear lanceolate, 7-15 cm long, median lobes longest, 0.5-2 cm wide, apex acuminate, base narrowly cuneate, surface dark green, slightly scabrous, abaxial surface densely covered with gray white appressed hairs when young, glabrous, margin coarsely serrate with inward curvature, midrib and lateral veins slightly depressed on surface, abaxial surface raised; petiole 3-15 cm long, densely covered with gray white appressed hairs Stipules linear. Male inflorescence as long as 25 cm; yellow green, perianth 5, membranous, outside covered with fine hairs, stamens 5, filaments very short, anthers oblong; petioles about 2-4 mm long; female flowers green; perianth 1, tightly wrapped in ovary, slightly hairy; ovary subglobose, outside wrapped in bracts. The achene is surrounded by persistent yellowish brown bracts, and the pericarp is hard and crisp with fine reticulation on the surface. The flowering period is May to June and the fruiting period is July.

It is native to Sikkim, Bhutan, India and Central Asia, and is now wild or cultivated in various countries. It is also cultivated or reduced to wild in all parts of China. It is common in Xinjiang.

As early as the second century, Cui Yan of the Eastern Han Dynasty pointed out that there was a difference between male and female plants. The male plants were called "Bi" or "Mu Ma" respectively, while the female plants were called "Lan" or "Zi Ma".

The stem bark fiber is long and tough, which can be used to weave linen or yarn, make rope, weave fishing net and paper; the oil content of seed is 30%, which can be used as paint, coating, etc., and the oil residue can be used as feed. Fruit Chinese medicine called "hemp kernel" or "big hemp kernel" as medicine, flat, sweet taste, function: Runchang, indications stool dry knot. The flower is called "Ma Bo", which is mainly used to treat evil wind, amenorrhea, forgetfulness, and the shell and bract are called "Ma Yu". It is poisonous, and can cure labor injury, break accumulation and disperse pus. It is maddening to take more. The leaves contain narcotic resin, which can be used to prepare anesthetics.

harm

Marijuana used as a drug can be smoked, drunk, swallowed and even injected after processing.

A small dose of marijuana produces a feeling of complacency. The memory of these drug addicts is damaged, and it is difficult to do the work of comprehensive activities relying on intelligence. I have an illusion about time and space. I feel that time passes very slowly. Originally, I only have a few minutes. I feel that there are several hours. Their balance function is also impaired. Due to muscle tension relaxation, they become unstable and their hands shake involuntarily.

If drug users inhale a large dose of marijuana, they will have marijuana toxic mental disorder, hallucination, delusion and paranoid state, accompanied by thinking disorder, self-consciousness disorder and dual personality. Long term marijuana addicts showed dullness, apathy, inattention, poor memory and impaired judgment. Occasional unprovoked aggressive behavior. With the extension of drug use time, regardless of personal hygiene, poor diet, distorted personality, lack of interest in anything, mental decline.

1. EEG showed that beta (β) activity wave increased, gamma (γ) activity wave decreased, alpha (α) activity of some people decreased, thinking and memory were impaired, judgment and balance were decreased.

2. Respiratory organ damage, bronchiectasis, partial loss of respiratory capacity, and often infected with bronchitis, sore throat, rhinitis, asthma, etc.

3. Damage of cardiovascular system, tachycardia and decrease of blood pressure.

4. Eye damage, lacrimal gland function and sensitivity to light were enhanced, adaptability to weak light and color ability of flap were weakened, and intraocular pressure decreased sharply.

5. The results showed that the reproductive system was damaged, the testosterone level of male hormone was decreased, the spermatogenesis and semen quantity were decreased, and a large number of sperm morphology was abnormal and lost vitality. The plasma concentration of luteinizing hormone was decreased, prolactin and OVX were restricted, fetal malformation or stillbirth were found.

6. The body's immune system is damaged, and its resistance slows down, especially to epidemic diseases.

7. The perception of human body is impaired and the motor ability is weakened.

8. If you take a lot of marijuana or often take it, you can also form psychological dependence. Once you suddenly stop taking marijuana, you can have insomnia, loss of appetite, irritability, vomiting, shaking and other withdrawal symptoms.

Olympic drug ban

Nicolas del Popolo, a 23-year-old judoka from the United States, was expelled from the London Olympic Games in 2012 because of the presence of cannabis metabolites in an Olympic drug test. He became the first American athlete to be banned for drug use. Delpoporo later said that the reason why he failed the drug test was that he accidentally ate chocolate brownie cake containing marijuana before the game.

Lethal dose

It is generally believed that smoking marijuana is hard to kill. According to the LD50 of mice in the 12th edition of the Merck Index, people weighing 75 kg need to smoke 21 grams of high-efficiency marijuana at the same time to absorb all thc to reach this dose. If taken orally, the requirement increases to about a pound (454 grams). Only intravenous injection can theoretically cause death, although no one uses it. In 2004, there was a death in the UK that was defined by the coroner as "death from cannabis overdose", but the conclusion is still controversial.

Toxicological effect

The main toxicological effects of marijuana include: euphoria and relaxation, time illusion, inattention, impairment of learning and memory, and emotional changes. Statistical studies have shown that people who use marijuana more than 15 times are six times more likely to develop schizophrenia than those who use less or no marijuana. In addition, because the neurocognitive behavior of marijuana users will be damaged, the damage of driving ability caused by marijuana or the combination of marijuana and ethanol has attracted the attention of researchers. Bosker et al. Found that the damage of driving ability of occasional users and long-term abusers was dose-dependent. Oral administration of 5-15mg thc could produce excitatory sensation, but it did not show damage in neuropsychological behavior test. High dose of 15-60mg thc showed memory and tracking damage in driving simulator test. Ramaekers and others made a statistical analysis of the impact of cannabis use on driving ability from the perspective of epidemiology and experimental research. Their epidemiological studies showed that drivers who had used cannabis were more likely to have traffic accidents than those who had not taken any drugs; people who had taken cannabis recently had more accident risks than those who had taken cannabis before; The combined use of ethanol and marijuana will produce more serious cognitive, mental and driving ability damage, thus significantly increasing the risk of accidents; when the dosage of THC is greater than 300 μ g · kg-1, the behavioral damage caused by thc is equivalent to the damage caused by the concentration of ethanol in the blood is greater than or equal to 0.5 mg · ml-1.

Chinese PinYin : Yin Du Cao