Zhu Rui

Zhu Rui

Zhu Rui (1905-1948, October 1), whose scientific name is Zhu Dunzhong, is a swordsman from Suqian, Jiangsu Province. He is a member of the Communist Party of China. He is a proletarian revolutionist and the founder of the artillery of the Chinese people's Liberation Army.

Born in 1905 in zhudaxing neighborhood committee, Longhe Town, Sucheng District, Suqian City. He has successively held the posts of special commissioner of the Central Committee, chief of staff and Secretary General of the Military Commission of the Yangtze River Bureau of the CPC Central Committee, section chief of the general headquarters of the Red Army, teacher of the Red Army school, political commissar of the third Red Army, etc. Since October 1946, he has been the artillery commander of the Northeast Democratic Alliance Army and the Northeast military region, and the principal of the artillery school. On October 1, 1948, Zhu Rui died in the battle of conquering Yixian County in the Liaoshen campaign. At the age of 43, he was the highest General of the Red Army who died in the Chinese Liberation War. In memory of him, the Central Military Commission decided to name the Northeast artillery school "Zhu Rui artillery school".

On September 10, 2009, Zhu Rui was rated as one of the 100 heroic models who made outstanding contributions to the founding of new China.

Life of the characters

Early experience

In 1905, Zhu Rui was born in zhudaxingzhuang, Longhe Township, Suyu County, Jiangsu Province, a "scholarly" family of three generations. When he was 8 years old, his father died, his family was robbed by bandits, and his house was burned. His mother and her children moved to Qiwei, Buzi and other places successively, so he went to Buzi and other places to study. In middle school, he participated in the strike of youth progress organization in Xuzhou Peixin middle school, and was expelled by the school authorities; in Nanjing Zhongmou middle school, he wrote his own composition entitled "imitating Sun Wen's appeal to thieves" and denounced the warlords.

He joined the Chinese Socialist Youth League in 1924 and was admitted to Guangdong University in the same year.

In 1925, he went to the Soviet Union and studied in Moscow Sun Yat sen University and krasin artillery school.

He joined the Communist Party of the Soviet Union in 1928 and later became a member of the Communist Party of China.

After returning to China in the spring of 1930, he successively served as special commissioner of the CPC Central Committee, chief of staff and Secretary General of the Military Commission of the Yangtze River Bureau.

In 1931, he was in charge of the military training class in Shanghai.

In January 1932, he went to the Central Soviet Area and successively served as section chief of the general command of the Chinese workers' and peasants' Red Army, teacher of the Red Army school, political commissar of the Red Army, political commissar of the army, etc. He led his department to participate in the Shuikou campaign in Nanxiong and the fourth and fifth anti "encirclement and suppression" campaigns.

In January 1934, he was elected member of the central executive committee of the Soviet Republic of China. In the summer of the same year, he was the director of the Political Department of the 1st Red Army. He took part in the long march in October. After the first and fourth front armies joined forces, he served as director of the Political Department of the first front army. After arriving in Northern Shaanxi, he took part in the eastern and Western expeditions.

In December 1936, he served as director of the Political Department of the second front army.

Counter-Japanese War

After the outbreak of the national anti Japanese war in 1937, Zhu Rui was appointed secretary of the Military Commission of the northern Bureau of the CPC Central Committee. Later, the director of the Liaison Office of the Eight Route Army stationed in the first theater area was engaged in the United Front Work for the general staff of the Kuomintang army. At the same time, he directed the restoration and rectification of the special committee of the Communist Party of China in the South and north of Henan Province, and created Anti Japanese guerrilla forces in the Shanxi Henan border area and the Taihang Southern District, so as to create a piece for the establishment of the jinjiyu Anti Japanese base area. At the same time, the North China military and political cadre school was established and a number of Anti Japanese military and political cadres were trained.

In November 1938, he was appointed director of the Organization Department of the northern Bureau.

In May 1939, he served as a political commissar of the first column of the Eighth Route Army and went to Shandong with commander Xu Qianqian to command the Eighth Route Army in Shandong and Northern Jiangsu. Later, he also served as secretary of Shandong military and political Commission and Secretary of Shandong Branch of the CPC Central Committee, leading the Anti Japanese army and people to carry out guerrilla war behind the enemy.

He entered the Party School of the CPC Central Committee in December 1943.

War of Liberation

After the surrender of Japan in 1945, Chiang Kai Shek, with the support of the United States, dispatched troops to attack the northeast on a large scale; meanwhile, all the Artillery Equipment of the Japanese Kwantung Army after the surrender had been transported back to China by the Soviet Red Army. In the face of this change, Zhu Rui put forward the 16 character policy of "dispersing cadres, collecting weapons, developing troops and establishing family business". In addition to sending a small number of cadres to the main force to train the backbone, all other teachers and students are scattered to the vast areas from Suifenhe in the East, Manzhouli in the west, Changchun in the South and Muling in the north to collect weapons. Under the leadership of Zhu Ruihe and the Party committee of the artillery school, through the joint efforts of all teachers and students, by May 1946, more than 700 guns, more than 500000 shells, 12 tanks, 23 cars, and a large number of spare parts and various equipment were collected, which laid a material foundation for the establishment of northeast artillery.

In the summer of 1945, he proposed to the CPC Central Committee to engage in the construction of artillery, and was appointed as the acting principal of Yan'an artillery school.

After the summer of 1946, the Northeast military region changed the name of Yan'an artillery school to northeast military region artillery school. Zhu Rui was appointed Vice President of northeast military and Political University and President of northeast artillery school. Before the Liaoshen campaign, the artillery School of the Northeast military region trained more than 2000 artillery cadres. In October, Comrade Zhu Rui was appointed artillery commander of the Northeast Democratic Alliance Army. Since December, Zhu Rui has adjusted the existing Artillery Forces. On behalf of the military region, he has successively drafted the "No.4" order, which has made a series of clear provisions on the organization, training, equipment, combat and other aspects of Artillery Forces. From the decentralized state, Zhu Rui has entered a unified, organized and planned development stage.

In January 1948, he served as artillery commander of northeast military region and Northeast Field Army.

On September 12, 1948, the Liaoshen campaign began, and the main force of the Northeast Field Army rushed to the North Ningxia line. Zhu Rui commanded the artillery column to take part in the battle of conquering Yixian County, a strong Kuomintang stronghold north of Jinzhou. On the morning of October 1, the Chinese people's liberation army launched a general attack. Zhu Rui ordered all kinds of caliber artillery to fire in less than six hours, destroying the fortifications operated by the Kuomintang government for many years, annihilating all the Kuomintang government troops, capturing division commander Wang Shigao alive, and successfully opening the prelude to the Liaoshen campaign.

Death by thunder

In October 1948, in the battle of capturing Yixian, the PLA used the captured American howitzer for the first time. In order to understand the performance of this kind of artillery, before the end of the battle, Zhu Rui came out of the command post. Unfortunately, he was struck by a mine on the way and died bravely. He was 43 years old.

Anecdotes of characters

Valuing the army and horses

In August 1946, Zhu Rui, artillery commander of the Northeast Democratic Coalition army and principal of the artillery School of the Northeast military region (transformed from Yan'an artillery school), met Zheng Xinchao in Harbin. He said: horses and artillery are inseparable. Looking at the development history of artillery at home and abroad, military horses are an indispensable part of artillery. After the surrender of the Japanese army, a large number of heavy artillery weapons were discarded along the Mudanjiang River, and our army was unable to transport out due to the lack of horses. In February 1947, with the approval of Zhu Rui and the decision of the artillery Party committee, Zheng Xinchao, a former teacher of Yan'an artillery school, established Mudanjiang military horse farm, which is subordinate to the artillery School of northeast military region. Zheng Xinchao was appointed as the field leader, and the deputy field leader was temporarily absent. Since then, Zheng Xinchao, Shao Qinglian and other teachers of northeast artillery school began to build the first army horse farm on the ruins of the Japanese barracks in Xiejiagou, Mudanjiang.

Take the initiative in the war

In July 1948, Zhu Rui took part in the preparations for the Liaoshen campaign. The leader of the Military Region decided to leave him in charge of the work in the rear. But Zhu Rui insisted on going to the front line, so he asked Mao Zedong to fight: "I was in the rear for the last two years of the Anti Japanese War, and now it's not easy to have the campaign of liberating Northeast China. I should take artillery to the front line." Mao Zedong understood Zhu Rui's mood very well, but he thought that the artillery must deploy the main infantry forces to fight, so he obviously demoted Zhu Rui. But Zhu Rui did not care about this: "as long as I can go to the battlefield, what level is not important to me!"

Character contribution

Tactical development

From January to April 1947, Zhu Rui summarized the artillery tactics by commanding the campaign of "three lower reaches of the Yangtze River and four guarantees of the Yangtze River". He played an important role in the war of liberation and later the war of resisting U.S. aggression and aiding Korea, and incorporated them into the artillery regulations.

Establishing base areas

From June 1940 to May 1941, Zhu Rui established a number of Anti Japanese Democratic bases and democratic regimes in Shandong. On this basis, the local government established the provisional government and the national salvation Federation, thus realizing the unified leadership of the Democratic Anti Japanese regime and mass organizations in the whole province.

Character evaluation

Mao Zedong commented on Zhu Rui in October 1946 and said, "you are the Chinese artillery marshal.".

On October 1, 1948, the CPC Central Committee pointed out in a message of condolence: "Zhu Rui has made outstanding contributions to the artillery construction of the PLA, and his sacrifice is a huge loss to the cause of the Chinese people's liberation."

On October 8, 1948, the Northeast Bureau of the CPC Central Committee and the headquarters of the Northeast military region of the Chinese people's Liberation Army evaluated Zhu Rui and said: "Zhu Rui, with his scientific mind, carried forward the idea that" artillery is the God of war ", which has achieved remarkable results in the Northeast liberation war, especially in the tough battles, and improved the arms of the people's Liberation Army one step. This is Comrade Zhu Rui's greatest contribution to the PLA and an indelible contribution to the people. ".

In 2011, Hong Sheng, deputy director of the culture, broadcasting and Information Bureau of Suqian City, Jiangsu Province, commented on Zhu Rui, saying: "Zhu Rui is a senior general of our army who has both wisdom and courage, and has a lot of righteousness. Without him and his comrades in arms, the pace of national liberation would be more difficult and tortuous. The victory of our army will pay a heavier price.

On October 11, 2014, reporter Han Yingwei wrote a song: "when I was young, I was on strike to seek truth, and I was determined to go to the Soviet Union for further study. Counterattack, encirclement and suppression, bloody rain, expedition and annihilation of the stubborn enemy. Yan'an artillery school led the course and made great achievements in the Northeast battlefield. Heaven and earth roar and rot, heroes die, mountains and rivers cry. " The seven temperament poems evaluate Zhu Rui's life.

Hu Shizong, a military poet, told reporters on May 12, 2011: "Zhu Rui is the father of our artillery, and he deserves the title.".

Commemoration of later generations

Memorial Building

General Zhu Rui Memorial

be located

Chinese PinYin : Zhu Rui