Li Cheng
Li Cheng
Li Cheng (919 ~ 967), the word Xianxi, No. Yingqiu, Beijing Zhao Chang'an (now Xi'an City, Shaanxi Province) people. The painter of the Five Dynasties and early Song Dynasty, together with Dong Yuan and fan Kuan, was known as the "three great masters of the Northern Song Dynasty" and the grandson of Li Ding, the governor of Suzhou.
He is erudite, talented, ambitious and devoted to painting and calligraphy. In the fifth year of Qiande, he died in Chenzhou at the age of 49.
He is good at landscape painting. He has learned from Jing Hao and Guan Tong. He has his own family. He likes to paint the broad landscape of the countryside. The cold forest in Pingyuan has a concise painting method, a bleak weather, and a good use of light ink, which is "cherishing ink as gold"; painting mountains and rocks as rolling clouds, which is called "rolling cloud Cun"; painting cold forest, which creates "crab claw" method, has a great impact on the development of landscape painting. His works include the painting of reading stele and stone nest, the painting of cold forest and plain field, the painting of Xiao temple in clear mountains, the painting of far Xiu in luxuriant forest, etc.
Life of the characters
Li Cheng (919-967) was a painter in Five Dynasties and Northern Song Dynasty. The word Xianxi, origin of Chang'an (now Xi'an, Shaanxi), ancestors of the Tang clan, grandfather Li Ding was a governor of Suzhou. In the Five Dynasties, he avoided chaos and moved to Yingqiu (now Changle, Shandong Province), so he was also called Li Yingqiu.
He was erudite, talented and ambitious, but he couldn't do it. So he devoted himself to poetry, calligraphy and painting, and later drunk to the guest house of Chenzhou (now Huaiyang, Henan Province).
Main achievements
He is good at landscape, inherits Jing Hao and Guan Tong, and develops them. He often paints the broad landscape of the countryside. Most of them are used in Pingyuan cold forest. They are concise in painting, sharp in brushwork, and easy to use light ink. They are known as "cherishing ink like gold". Painting rocks is like rolling clouds, which later generations call "rolling cloud Cun". Mi Fu described Li Cheng's paintings as "light ink like a dream in the fog, stone like cloud moving". This image of "stone like cloud moving" became an important style mark for later painters to use Li Cheng's brushwork. Together with fan Kuan and Guan Tong, another landscape painter, he is known as the master of "confrontation of three schools" and "hundred generations of standard course". He learned more about painting. There were few paintings in the Northern Song Dynasty, and Mi Fu even put forward the theory of "no Li". The work successfully shows the natural landscape in the climate change with mist and wind and rain. It has the characteristics of bleak weather, clear forest, elegant and subtle ink method. In Guo Ruoxu's "picture seeing and hearing annals", it is described as "the weather is bleak, the forest is clear, the ink method is slight, the system of Camp Hill". Today, there are "the painting of reading stele and stone nest" (the figure in the picture is painted by Wang Xiao), "the painting of cold forest and plain field", "the painting of Xiao temple in clear mountains" and "the painting of Maolin and yuanxiu". Li Cheng had a great influence on the development of landscape painting in the Northern Song Dynasty. There were many successors, including Xu daoning, Li Zongcheng, Zhai Yuanshen, Guo Xi, Wang Shen, Yan Wengui and so on. Wang Shimin, a famous collector in the late Ming Dynasty, praised Yuan Shu in his "self painting Guan Shi Jun yuan Huan Zhong" in his "Yanke postscript": "Huan Weng Shi Jun is not only magnificent, but also rich in collection. Li Yingqiu was the patriarch of literati and officialdom, and Minan palace was the ancestor of Jingjian (yuan Keli's son, Yuan Shu), so he sent Jing, Guan, Dong and Juzhen to his family. "
Historical records
Li Cheng, whose name is Xianxi, was a clan of Tang Dynasty. During the five difficult seasons, he lived in all directions and avoided Beihai, so he was a native of Yingqiu. His father and ancestors learned about the affairs of Confucian officials at that time, and his family declined. Even when he became a scholar, he was still able to do his own business with Confucianism and Taoism. He is good at writing, has extraordinary atmosphere, and is open and ambitious. Because of his talent and fate, he put his mind between poetry and wine. At the beginning, it was not for goodness, but for self entertainment. Therefore, the mountains and forests in the painting are far and easy, lingering with twists and turns, flying through dangerous stacks, broken bridges and streams, water and stone, wind and rain, obscurity, smoke and clouds, snow and fog. Such as Meng Jiao's singing in poetry, Zhang Kuang's crazy in grass, no suitable but also, because of the great progress of writing. At that time, those who called mountains and rivers must have become the first in ancient and modern times. At the very least, they were called Liying Qiuyan. However, although painters, Su like to ridicule and praise, they all hold back their opinions. The sun family, a famous painter, was named after Cheng Shan's painting. Cheng Deshu was indignant and sighed: "since ancient times, the four people are not mixed. I am a Confucian scholar. Although I am interested in art, I just like it. How can we make people enter Qili hotel to study Dan powder and be listed with the redundant people in the history of painting? That's why Dai Kui broke the piano! " But it should not. Sun Fenzhi, Yin bribes Ying Qiu with bribes. He who knows each other in an official position hopes that he can get it with skill. It's not too late, and the result is the number of maps. Not long after, Cheng went with the county plan to compete with the officials in the spring, but the sun's humble words and generous gifts made him return. When he went to the sun Pavilion, Cheng saw his painting, Zhang Yu's house and Cheng's clothes. After that, all the princes, nobles and relatives wrote letters and sent coins, and the petitioners were constantly on the way. In his later years, he was fond of travelling in the rivers and lakes, and finally he went against Huaiyang.
Relative members
Grandfather: Li Ding, governor of Suzhou
Son: Li Jue, well-known for his classics, is a Bachelor of Arts.
Sun Tzu: Li you, who was born in Kaifeng and worked in tianzhang Pavilion, produced gold and silk to buy Li Chengzhi's paintings. Since Li Cheng's death, he has been famous for his paintings. As for the description of the names of the pictorial symbols, it is easy to deceive the world. But not everywhere, for the knowledge of the final distinction. The first name can't be "R", but if people admire it, they will believe in it. Or cloud: he is also good at painting dragon water, but his strong point lies in the landscape, so he is not called cloud.
personal works
Spring dawn in heavy mountains, spring dawn in haze, summer mountains, clear haze in summer, cloud out of valley in summer, autumn mountains, fishing in autumn, travel in winter, remote mountains in autumn, mountain lock and wind in autumn, remote mountains in winter, waiting for crossing in dense clouds, dense snow in rivers and mountains, snow scenery in forest and stone, snow Ji in mountains, early trip in snow foot, snow stream, snow peak, love scenery, clear haze, love scenery, cold forest, love scenery and cold forest Cold forest alone play map, strange stone cold forest map, Boulder cold forest map, haze late sunny map, haze dawn map, haze dawn map, haze clear dawn map, Xiaolan Pingyuan map, Xiaojing bimodal map 2
Kuozhu Qingfeng and Xiaolan I
Sunny haze map 2 sunny hills map 2
Pingyuan in qingluan (3) Xiaosi in qingluan (2)
Clear peak Ji AI picture 2 clear river lie Xiu picture 2
Hengfeng Xiaoji picture three Junfeng Maolin picture one
Xiaosi of arbor 1 Pingshan 2
Ancient wood, cen, Si, Wu, PI, Yao, Shan, 3
Shanyin Moxi 2, Gaoshan 3
Pingyuan chart 1 bimodal chart 3
The third reading of the view of the building on the hillside
Travel map of Yanfeng 2, remote Pu and Cen 1
Yanbo fishing boat 1 Jiangshan fisherman 1
Tingquan pine stone picture 1 Xiufeng picture 1
Pingyuan stone nest together with a stung map
Great cold forest map 4 small cold forest map 2
Clear Valley, blue sky, two rivers, high mountains, three mountains
Laobi layer peak Figure 2 group peak shrub Figure 2
Early spring travel on the mountain
(Xuan He Hua Pu)
"The painting of reading steles and stones"
Li Cheng's silk ink painting of the Northern Song Dynasty is 126.3 cm in length and 104.9 cm in width, collected by Osaka Municipal Art Museum, Japan
In the early Song Dynasty, there were so-called "three mountains and waters", which were Li Cheng from Yingqiu, Shandong Province, Guan Tong from Chang'an, Shaanxi Province, and fan Kuan from Huayuan, Shaanxi Province. From the side of the picture tablet, there is a title: "Wang Xiao's character, Li chengshushi." It can be seen that the painting is a collaboration between Li Cheng and the figure painter Wang Xiao. The painter describes several old trees and an ancient monument in the cold forest and plains. In this picture, the scene is desolate, the weather is bleak, the branches of ancient trees are uneven, the background is empty and far-reaching, and there is infinite sadness in it. In addition, when painting trees and stones, this painting is first hooked and then dyed. It is light, bright and moist, and has a great charm. It is not difficult to see from this work that Li Cheng's "bleak atmosphere and clear forest" is closely related to his attempt to show his sensitive and rich inner world.
"The painting of Xiao temple in qingluan"
Li Cheng's silk works in the Northern Dynasty are light colored, 111.4cm in length and 56cm in width, collected by Nelson Art Museum in Kansas City, USA
In this painting, the mountains stand upright and the waterfalls fall down. In the middle view, there are pagodas and pavilions on the hills, and waterfront at the foot of the mountain is built with waterside pavilions, thatched cottages, slab bridges and activities of traveling figures. The mountains and rocks are majestic and beautiful. There are many changes in the brush used for Cun dye, which combines Guan Tong's grandeur with Li Cheng's clearness. With sharp brushwork, the painter painted the cold forest and dead wood. The scenery is quiet and quiet. Although it is not a flat and distant scenery, it still has the characteristics of Li Cheng's painting style. It is estimated that this painting should have been completed in the early Northern Song Dynasty, at least by the biography School of Li Cheng. Song Dynasty's Xuanhe Huapu recorded the painting of Xueji river. I don't know if it is the same picture.
"The painting of cold forest and plain field"
Li Cheng's silk ink paintings in the Northern Song Dynasty
Li Cheng said: "no one is similar to Jing Hao, but similar to Guan Tong." And because of his unique creative ability, he had the greatest influence among the "three mountains and waters" in Song Dynasty. Li Cheng's outstanding contribution to landscape painting is that he is good at expressing the rich changes of mountains and rivers, topography and seasonal climate, and has some sustenance and sigh. The image of "cold forest and plain distance" created by him has stood out from the magnificent features of Jingguan school. In this painting, there are two long pines mixed with dead branches and cold trees. The branches of pines are made into crabs. In the upper right corner of the painting, there are six characters "Li Chenghan, Lin pingye" inscribed by Emperor Huizong of Song Dynasty. In front of the painting, there is a semi seal of "Yushu". On the top of the painting, there are Qianlong's poems and seal of collection.
Qiao Song Ping Yuan
His works are now in the library of chenghuaitang, Japan.
This picture shows two pines, one thick and one light, on the top of the stone Pituo near the nest in the cold winter. The stones on the slope are as strong as clouds, and the needles are fine and sharp. The broad brush is used to crack and dye, and the ink is clean and moist, just like Guo Xi's painting style. The pine trees are lined with shrubs and thorns. The trunk is strong and the branches are extraordinary. The pine leaves are needle shaped with sharp brush. The top of the smoke cage is locked out of the painting. The roots are unearthed, showing strong vitality in the cold winter. Li Cheng's money can be seen in the roots. Behind the trees, there is a flat and distant view, with a zigzag flowing spring behind it, forming a pool at the foot of the slope. It seems to have the sound of gurgling. On the waterscape plain, there are mounds and small trees growing. The remote mountains are undulating, quiet and simple. It is painted in light ink, and it is illusory.
The seal of this painting includes: "Prince Yi's treasure", "Xiaoshan's appreciation", "baozi collection in Huaiyin", "Mo Linsheng", "Zijing's father's seal", etc
Chinese PinYin : Li Cheng
Li Cheng
