National Day
National Day
National Day is a legal holiday made by a country to commemorate the country itself. They are usually the independence of the country, the signing of the constitution, the birthday of the head of state or other significant anniversaries; some are the saint's day of the country's patron saint.
Although most countries have similar anniversaries, due to complex political relations, this festival in some countries can not be called National Day. For example, in the United States, there is only independence day, but there is no national day, but the two have the same meaning.
In ancient China, the emperor's accession to the throne and birthday were called "National Day". Today, China's National Day refers to October 1, the official anniversary of the founding of the people's Republic of China.
The longest National Day in the world's history is San Marino's national day. As far as 301, San Marino designated September 3 as its own national day.
Evolution history
The phrase "National Day", which originally referred to the matter of national festival, can be traced back to the west Jin at the earliest stage. Lu Ji, a litterateur in the Western Jin Dynasty, once recorded in his treatise on the five rank princes that "the National Day is the only time to enjoy its benefits, and the main worry is not its harm". In the feudal era of our country, the national festive events are more than the emperor's accession to the throne and birthday. Therefore, the emperor's accession to the throne and his birthday were called "National Day" in ancient China. Today, the anniversary of the founding of the country is called National Day.
On December 2, 1949, the fourth session of the Central People's government committee accepted the proposal of the CPPCC National Committee and adopted the resolution on the national day of the people's Republic of China, which decided that October 1 of each year is the great day for the founding of the people's Republic of China and the National Day of the people's Republic of China.
Since the foundation of PRC on 0ctober 1st 1949, the forms of celebration of National Day have been changed with time.
In the early days of the founding of new China (1950-1959), large-scale celebrations and military parades were held every year on the national day. In September 1960, the CPC Central Committee and the State Council decided to reform the National Day system in line with the principle of building a country through diligence and thrift. Since then, from 1960 to 1970, every national day held a grand rally and mass procession in front of Tiananmen Square, but no military parade was held.
From 1971 to 1983, on October 1 every year, Beijing celebrated the national day with large-scale garden parties and other forms, without mass processions. In 1984, the 35th anniversary of the national day, held a Grand National Day parade and mass celebrations. In the following ten years, other forms were used to celebrate the national day, and there was no National Day parade or mass celebration parade. On October 1, 1999, the 50th anniversary of the national day, a Grand National Day parade and mass parade were held. This is the last Grand National Day celebration of the people's Republic of China in the 20th century.
Since the founding of the people's Republic of China, there have been 15 military parades at the National Day celebrations. They are 11 times from 1949 to 1959 and four times from the 35th anniversary of the National Day in 1984, the 50th anniversary of the National Day in 1999, the 60th anniversary of the National Day in 2009 and the 70th anniversary of the National Day in 2019.
Festival calendar
National Day is a legal holiday made by a country to commemorate the country itself.
They are usually the independence of the country, the signing of the constitution, the birthday of the head of state or other significant anniversaries; some are the saint's day of the country's patron saint.
Although most countries have similar anniversaries, due to complex political relations, this festival in some countries can not be called National Day. For example, in the United States, there is only independence day, but there is no national day, but the two have the same meaning.
In ancient China, the emperor's accession to the throne and birthday were called "National Day".
There are many strange bases for determining national day in the world. According to statistics, there are 35 countries in the world whose national day is the time of national establishment. Cuba, Cambodia and so on take the day of occupying the capital as the national day. Some countries take national independence day as their national day.
On January 1, 1804, the Haitian people annihilated Napoleon's 60000 expeditionary forces and declared independence in Port au Prince. Since then, January 1 has been designated as national day. The same is true in Mexico, Ghana and other countries. In other countries, the anniversary of the armed uprising is the national day. July 14 is France's national day.
On this day in 1789, the people of Paris captured the Bastille, a symbol of feudal rule, and overthrew the monarchy. In other countries, major conference day is the national day.
The United States takes the day when the Continental Congress adopted the declaration of independence on July 4, 1776 as its national day.
Canada's National Day is the day when the British Parliament passed the British North America Act on July 1, 1867. There are also countries whose national day is the birthday of the head of state, such as Nepal, Thailand, Sweden, the Netherlands, Denmark, Belgium and so on.
National Day is an important festival in every country, but its name is different. Many countries are called "National Day" or "National Day", some countries are called "Independence Day" or "Independence Day", some are called "Republic Day", "Republic Day", "Revolution Day", "Liberation Day", "national rejuvenation day", "Constitution Day", etc., and others directly add "day" in the name of a country, such as "Australia Day" and "Pakistan Day", some are called "National Day" The date of the king's birthday or accession to the throne is the national day. If the king is replaced, the specific date of the national day will also be changed.
Festival significance
National symbol
National Day is a feature of modern nation-state, which is accompanied by the emergence of modern nation-state, and has become particularly important. It has become the symbol of an independent country, reflecting the national system and political system of the country.
Function embodiment
Once the national day becomes a new and national festival, it carries the function of reflecting the cohesion of the country and nation. At the same time, the large-scale celebrations on the National Day are also the concrete embodiment of the government's mobilization and appeal.
basic feature
The three basic characteristics of National Day celebration are to show strength, enhance national confidence, embody cohesion and give play to appeal.
Festival activities
Holiday arrangement
The National Day is golden week Chinese mainland holiday since 1999. The statutory leave time for National Day is 3 days, and then the two weekends are adjusted to 7 days altogether. Chinese mainland's overseas institutions and enterprises are 3-7 days; the Macao Special Administrative Region is 2 days, and the Hongkong Special Administrative Region is 1 days.
As of 2014, the notice of the general office of the State Council of China on holiday arrangements has been issued for 7 days from October 1 to 7. Go to work on September 28 (Sunday) and October 11 (Saturday).
National Day in 2021: 7 days off from October 1 to 7. Go to work on September 26 (Sunday) and October 9 (Saturday).
Parade ceremony
There are celebrations and military parades of different scales every fifth and tenth anniversary. The most influential and representative in history are the seven military parades of the founding ceremony, the 5th, 10th, 35th, 50th, 60th and 70th anniversary of the founding of the people's Republic of China.
Since the founding ceremony in 1949, a total of 15 National Day military parades have been held.
From 1949 to 1959, there were 11 National Day military parades.
In September 1960, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China and the State Council implemented the principle of "practicing strict economy and building a country through diligence and Thrift", reformed the system of National Day ceremonies, and implemented the principle of "one small celebration in five years, one Daqing in ten years, and holding a military parade every Daqing".
In 1964, the military regulations issued by the Ministry of defense listed the military parade clauses for the first time. Subsequently, due to the "Cultural Revolution" and other reasons, there was no National Day parade for 24 consecutive years.
In 1984, according to Deng Xiaoping's proposal, the CPC Central Committee decided to resume the military parade and hold a large-scale military parade on the 35th anniversary of the National Day in 1984.
In 1999, the CPC Central Committee decided to hold a military parade for the 50th anniversary of the founding of new China. On October 1, 1999, a large-scale military parade was held in Tiananmen Square.
The 60th anniversary parade of the founding of new China was held on the national day of 2009.
The military parade of the 70th anniversary of the founding of new China will be held on the national day of 2019, which is the first National Day parade of socialism with Chinese characteristics entering a new era, and the first centralized appearance of the people's army after the reform and remodeling, striving to highlight the characteristics of the times.
social customs and habits
On national day, all countries hold different forms of celebration activities to strengthen the patriotic consciousness of their people and enhance the cohesion of the country. All countries should also congratulate each other. Every five or ten years of national day, some even expand the scale of celebration. In order to celebrate the national day, governments usually hold a reception for the national day, which is presided over by the head of state, head of government or foreign minister, and the envoys and other important foreign guests are invited to attend. However, some countries do not hold receptions, such as the United States and Britain.
Celebrations
National Day around the world
(updated on August 30, 2016)
Cuba: day of the national liberation of Cuba, January 1
Sudan Independence Day of Sudan
Myanmar: independence day of Myanmar, January 4
Australia: Australia Day, January 26
India: Republic Day of India, January 26
Sri Lanka: independence and National Day
Chinese PinYin : Guo Qing
National Day
