Xialan

boat orchids

This data is reviewed by the project of data compilation and application of Science Encyclopedia of science popularization in China.

Cymbidium faberi Rolfe (scientific name: Cymbidium faberi Rolfe): it is a terrestrial herb of Orchidaceae, and its pseudobulb is not obvious. Leaves 5-8, banded, erect, veins transparent, margin often coarse serrated. The scape is drawn out from the axils of the outermost leaves at the base of the leaf cluster, and the raceme has 5-11 or more flowers; the bracts are linear lanceolate, and the lowest one is longer than the ovary; the flowers are usually light yellowish green, with purple red spots on the lips, with fragrance; the petals are similar to the sepals, often slightly short and wide; the lips are oblong ovate, the stamens are slightly forward curved, and there are narrow wings on both sides; there are 4 pollens in 2 pairs, broadly ovate . Capsule subnarrowly elliptic. The flowering period is from March to May.

Cymbidium hybridum grows in humid but well drained places with high altitude of 700-3000 meters. Cymbidium is distributed in most parts of China, Nepal and northern India. Cymbidium is often used as bonsai.

History of speciology

Huilan's word "Hui" appeared in Chu Ci written by Qu Yuan, the great poet of Chu state during the Warring States period. Its words said: "both Zilan Xi nine, and huishu Xi hundred mu."

What can be recognized as the "Hui" of Cymbidium today is the Hui in the book Youfang Pavilion written by Huang Tingjian, a poet and calligrapher of Song Dynasty. It is very popular to cultivate Cymbidium and Cymbidium as ornamental plants in Song Dynasty. It is necessary to distinguish these kinds of herbs. Huang Tingjian's two words have become the basis for later generations to distinguish Cymbidium and Cymbidium. Modern plant taxonomy also names this kind of Cymbidium which blooms at the end of spring as Cymbidium. If Huang Tingjian only distinguishes orchid and Hui from each other in terms of their characters, Zhu Kerou's notes on the first fragrance in Qing Dynasty has noticed the different cultivation methods of orchid and Hui. He said: "Hui likes the sun, so she has to be exposed to the sun at three o'clock in the first half of the day When it comes to orchids, one or two of them are enough. " During the reign of Qianlong, Jiaqing and Daoguang in Qing Dynasty, Cymbidium had many famous products, such as Dayi, Chengmei, guanding, shanghaimei, panlumei, dangzi, etc.

Some of these famous Cymbidium products have been recorded in the records of Cymbidium in Tongzhi period of Qing Dynasty by Xu Naihe. For example, the first grade of the eight famous Cymbidium species is called the top grade in the records of Cymbidium and Cymbidium, and there is a poem praising it: "a scholar's spirit is banished to the immortal, and he will fight for the leader; since he has been in the south of the Yangtze River, he has paid great attention to the price, so it is not easy for him to be the leader." In the early Qing Dynasty, Bao Wei province's differentiation and interpretation of the petal shape of Cymbidium in Yilan Zaji opened the way for the aesthetic appreciation of the formal beauty of Cymbidium flowers. Until the reform and opening-up era, a large number of Cymbidium butterfly flowers and exotic flowers appeared. In the past 100 or 200 years, Cymbidium flower aesthetics paid special attention to petal shape, and had a wide influence, which became a traditional concept of Cymbidium aesthetics.

In 1923, Wu Enyuan, a native of Yuhang, compiled a short history of Cymbidium, which further summarized the traditional varieties and new species of Cymbidium, and divided them into three categories: Cymbidium, Cymbidium and Cymbidium. In 1959, Yao's orchid, a famous orchid artist in Hangzhou, added butterfly flowers and simple heart flowers to the book. Since the 1980s, a large number of new species of Cymbidium have been developed. According to the new discoveries, Cymbidium families in various places have added the exotic flowers and colored flowers of Cymbidium. So far, Cymbidium has become a large and characteristic branch of Chinese orchids.

Cymbidium in the Qing Dynasty, the Republic of China has spread to Japan, South Korea, especially in the 1930s and 1940s, the Japanese collected a large number of Chinese Cymbidium, sold to Japan for cultivation. At the end of last century, when Cymbidium was flourishing in China, some traditional Cymbidium varieties could not be found in China. They had to be sold back from Japan. A history of Cymbidium development also reflected the rise and fall of the nation.

Morphological characteristics

Cymbidium (original variety)

Cymbidium hybridum is a terrestrial herb, and its pseudobulb is not obvious. Leaves 5-8, banded, erect, 25-80 cm long, 7-12 mm wide (4 -), base often folded in V-shape, veins transparent, margin often coarsely serrated.

Scapes drawn from the outermost axils of the base of the leaf cluster, suberect or slightly curved, 35-50 (- 80) cm long, covered with many long sheaths; racemes with 5-11 or more flowers; bracts linear lanceolate, the lowest one longer than ovary, the middle upper one 1-2 cm long, about 1 / 2 of the length of pedicel and ovary, at least more than 1 / 3; pedicel and ovary 2-2.6 cm long; flowers often light yellow green The sepals are nearly lanceolate, oblong or narrowly obovate, 2.53.5 cm long and 6-8 mm wide; the petals are similar to sepals, often slightly short and wide; the lip is oblong ovate, 2-2.5 cm long, 3-lobed; the lateral lobes are erect, with papillae or fine hairs; the middle lobes are long, strongly curved, with obvious and shiny papillae, and the edge is often corrugated; there are 2 lobes on the labial disc The longitudinal fringes extend from the upper part of the base to the base of the middle lobe, the upper end of which inclines inward and converges to form a short tube to some extent; the pistil column is 1.2-1.6 cm long, slightly curved forward, with narrow wings on both sides; there are 4 pollens in 2 pairs, broadly ovate.

Capsule narrowly elliptic, 5-5.5 cm long, ca. 2 cm wide. The flowering period is from March to May.

Send spring (variety)

Cymbidium OMEIENSE (variety)

leaf

The leaves of Cymbidium are easy to distinguish. The leaves of Cymbidium hybridum are in different shapes, such as upright, slope and bend. The new grass is generally dark green, with few light green leaves, rough surface and relatively wild grass nature. Most of the seedlings have 6-8 leaves, and a few have 3-4 leaves. It can reach 12 in a long time. There is a saying that "chun3 HUI4" can be used to buy grass. Chunlan has 4 leaves to count as seedlings, and 3 leaves can not be counted as seedlings or half seedlings. Comparatively speaking, its leaves are less fleshy and have more fiber. It is leathery leaves with thick veins and obvious main veins. The leaves are covered with visible vascular bundles. Most of them are tall and straight, with the height of 40-80 cm. It is also frequently found in the cases below 25 cm and above 100 cm. The lower part of the leaf is V-shaped, the upper part of the vertical leaf is flat, and the vertical leaf and oblique leaf are concave, so the support force is very strong. Most of the leaf width is directly proportional to the leaf length, more than 0.8-2 cm. Generally, there are filiform hairs under the downhill grass, and the leaf margin is thick and long serrated, which is more obvious than that of Chunlan and Qiulan. The mountainous area is foggy, and the ability of collecting dew is especially strong.

The other characteristic of the leaves is that the veins of the leaves are transparent, so that the leaves can not only receive the strong light from the mountains, but also reflect the excessive light, which is one of the reasons why Cymbidium can tolerate the strong light. Generally, the shading requirement of Cymbidium hybridum is not high, which is due to the advantages of its leaves.

The more vascular bundles and less flesh in the leaves make the water transpiration adjust properly. Cymbidium is not only resistant to drought, but also to waterlogging, which is closely related to its leaf structure. High mountain wind is bigger, so it can resist lodging. But when planting, we should pay attention to the proper medium configuration, and pay attention to the supply of phosphorus, potassium, calcium and other major elements, so as to maintain the healthy growth of orchid grass.

On the other hand, affected by the small pseudobulbar, the leaves of the whole plant can not be fully developed in one year, and some grasses still emit new leaves in the third year. Although the life of new leaves is longer, they grow slowly and grow slowly. Sometimes it takes three or five or seven or eight years for the introduction of new or weak seedlings.

root

The root of Cymbidium is thicker than Cymbidium, generally 5-6 mm thick and 40-50 mm long. The root column is mostly white, the growth root is mostly gray brown, and the growth root has a crystal tip. Because of the short and thick roots and the increased capacity, the accumulated blue fungus and nutrients can be used for leaf growth and flowering. Because of the original growth environment and thick rotten leaves, it has enough ability to support the plant. After the corm grows, the root is many times more than the corm on the root disk. Because of the fertile soil, the root can supply sufficient nutrients without growing too long. Because nutrition, heat in the underground 20-30 cm is the most suitable for Cymbidium growth. Because the soil layer where Cymbidium root is located is very good, generally speaking, large pieces of grass with large root plate can be found. This is because Cymbidium is very easy to be divided under such soil conditions. Sometimes, more than 100 seedlings of Boshan grass with staggered root can be found. This proves that the life cycle of Cymbidium is long. Although the traditional grass has been domesticated for many years, its corm can not be greatly increased due to genetic relationship. If the water, fertilizer and gas are suitable for potted plants, sometimes the roots can be thickened to more than 10 mm, and the nutrient volume can be doubled, which can fully meet the nutritional needs of Cymbidium leaves and flowering.

stem

Cymbidium stems, like other orchids, are individuals that sprout from the bottom part of the mother plant pseudobulbar. Most of these buds are flat and small. In the native state, they are buried deep above and below the humus. When the leaves first appear, they are close to the leaves. Unlike Cymbidium and Cymbidium, there are scales that do not grow leaves below, or the middle leaves and outer leaves grow at the same time, but the outer leaves and crustaceans grow first Then the middle leaves gradually grow according to the soil fertility and the ability of roots to provide nutrition, and grow with the grass bud at the same time, and then the pseudobulbar also expands. Of course, the pseudobulbous is still the basis of leaves, but the leaves and bracts are produced by the scales below, which is the characteristic of Cymbidium pseudobulbous.

Cymbidium stem also has many growth points of adventitious roots, so when the leaves of Cymbidium grow, the roots of Cymbidium also emit new roots with the continuous expansion of the pseudobulbar. Because the root of Cymbidium is thick and long, it can't show pseudobulbar naturally.

The reason why Cymbidium pseudocorm is not obvious is due to its original growth environment. Because the original land is fertile, Cymbidium can quickly convert the carbon dioxide from photosynthesis and the fertilizer in the soil into the required minerals for absorption, and it can take root, grow leaves and blossom without corms

Chinese PinYin : Xia Lan