Liu Zhidan

Liu Zhidan

Liu Zhidan (October 4, 1903 to April 14, 1936) was named Jinggui, and was named Zidan and Zhidan. He is a senior general of the Chinese workers' and peasants' Red Army, a loyal communist soldier, an outstanding proletarian revolutionist and militarist, and one of the main founders of the northwest Red Army and the Northwest Revolutionary Base. In March 1936, he led the 28th Red Army to take part in the campaign of the eastern expedition, crossing the Yellow River from the vicinity of luoyukou to the northwest of Shanxi Province to conquer the enemy forces. On April 14, he died in the battle in Sanjiao Town, Zhongyang County, Shanxi Province. He was only 33 years old. In 1996, he was identified by the Central Military Commission of the Communist Party of China as one of the 36 military strategists of the Chinese people's Liberation Army. On September 14, 2009, he was rated as one of the 100 heroic models who made outstanding contributions to the founding of new China.

Life of the characters

Liu Zhidan (1903-1936), formerly known as Liu Jinggui, was named Zi Dan. He was born in Baoan county (now Zhidan County) of Shaanxi Province, a loyal communist soldier, a senior commander of the Chinese workers' and peasants' Red Army, an outstanding proletarian revolutionist, one of the 36 outstanding military strategists of our army, and one of the main founders of the northwest Red Army and the Northwest revolutionary base.

It was born in Jinding Town, Baoan county (now Zhidan County), Shaanxi Province on October 4, 1903.

Liu Zhidan was admitted to Yulin Middle School of Lianhe County in Northern Shaanxi in 1921. He once served as the chairman of the student union, organized and led the student movement, and fought against the feudal forces such as warlord Jing Yuexiu. He joined the Chinese Socialist Youth League in the winter of 1924.

Liu Zhidan has been involved in the revolution since his youth. He joined the Communist Party of China in 1925. In the autumn of the same year, he was ordered by the party to enter Huangpu Military Academy. During the great revolution, Liu Zhidan served as the political director of the fourth Route Army of the National Revolutionary Army and actively participated in the war against the Northern Warlords. After the failure of the great revolution in 1927, he went to Hubei, Anhui, Shaanxi and other provinces to organize the uprising. In 1928, he organized the Weihua uprising with others and served as chairman of the military committee of the northwest workers' and peasants' revolutionary army. After the September 18th Incident in 1931, he organized the northwest anti imperialist Alliance Army and served as deputy commander in chief and chief of staff. Later, the anti imperialist Alliance Army was transformed into the Shaanxi Gansu guerrilla detachment of the Chinese workers' and peasants' Red Army, and Liu Zhidan successively served as deputy commander in chief and commander in chief. In 1932, the 26th army of the Chinese workers' and peasants' Red Army was established, and Liu Zhidan was still responsible for leadership. In the autumn of 1935, the 26th Red Army joined forces with the 25th army of the Chinese workers' and peasants' Red Army and established the 15th corps of the Chinese workers' and peasants' Red Army. Liu Zhidan served as deputy head of the army and chief of staff. In the autumn of this year, Liu Zhidan was framed by opportunists and imprisoned. When Chairman Mao and the CPC Central Committee arrived in Northern Shaanxi, Liu Zhidan was released. He served as deputy director of the Northwest Revolutionary Military Commission, commander in chief of the North Road army and commander of the 28th army of the Chinese workers' and peasants' Red Army. In April 1936, Liu Zhidan led the Red Army to the East and died in the battle of Sanjiao Town, Zhongyang County, Shanxi Province. He was 33 years old at that time. Later, Mao Zedong inscribed a monument for him: "mass leader, national hero." Zhou Enlai wrote an inscription for him: "five thousand years ago, there are thousands of heroes; the hero of the people is Liu Zhidan." In 1943, Zhang Wentian wrote an inscription for him: "Comrade Zidan's line is the line of Comrade Mao Zedong, the leader of our party, the line of our party's Bolsheviks, and the line of Chinese Marxism Leninism. Comrade Zidan, never die! It was October 1943

In September 1931, Yan Hongyan and Wu Daifeng led the Western Shanxi guerrilla brigade of the Chinese workers' and peasants' Red Army to break through the natural danger of the Yellow River and enter Shaanxi and Gansu. According to the instructions of the Shaanxi and Gansu provincial Party committee, Liu Zhidan and Xie Zichang, together with Wu Daifeng and Yan Hongyan, reorganized the Western Shanxi guerrilla brigade into the Shaanxi and Gansu guerrilla corps of the Chinese workers' and peasants' Red Army, temporarily known as the northwest anti imperialist Alliance Army (later reorganized into the 26th army of the Chinese workers' and peasants' Red Army), Liu Zhidan served as deputy commander in chief (later commander in chief), and led his troops to fight in Shaanxi Gansu border area with Xie Zichang to create a revolutionary base. We should learn from the experience of the struggle in Jinggangshan, and open up the border Soviet areas of Shaanxi, Gansu and Hunan with Zhaojin and Nanliang as the center. In September 1933, he served as deputy commander in chief and chief of staff of the temporary headquarters of the Shaanxi Gansu border Red Army. After November, he successively served as the chief of staff and division commander of the 42nd division of the 26th army of the Red Army. He led his troops northward to Qingyang and Heshui, cooperating with the local armed forces to carry out guerrilla warfare. From February to April in 1934, Liu Zhidan led the army in nine battles and nine victories. With inferior forces, he won the battle of xihuachi, defeated the Kuomintang army's first "encirclement and suppression" of the Shaanxi Gansu border Soviet Area, established a democratic government of workers and peasants, and further consolidated and developed the revolutionary base area. In May of the same year, he served as chairman of the Shaanxi Gansu border military commission of the Communist Party of China, and later as president of the military and political cadre school. Together with Xi Zhongxun, political commissar of the military school, and Wu Daifeng, executive vice president of the military school, he personally compiled military education outline, political work instructions and other teaching materials.

In February 1935, Liu Zhidan was appointed chairman of the Northwest Revolutionary Military Commission. In May, after the red 26 army and the 27th army of the Chinese workers' and peasants' Red Army joined together, they formed the former enemy general headquarters of the Northwest Revolutionary Military Commission. Liu Zhidan took the post of commander in chief, led the main forces of the red 26 army and the Red 27 army, and used the tactics of encirclement, unexpected attack and individual destruction. After more than two months of mobile warfare, they conquered six counties of Yanchang, Yanchuan, Anding, Ansai, Baoan and Jingbian, annihilating a large number of enemy troops And smashed the second "encirclement and suppression" of the Kuomintang army against the Shaanxi Gansu border Soviet area. In August, during the third anti "encirclement and suppression" campaign in the Northern Shaanxi and Shaanxi Gansu border Soviet areas, Liu Zhidan commanded the main force of the Red Army to annihilate a regiment of the Kuomintang Jin army, forcing the main force of the Jin army to withdraw to the East Bank of the Yellow River. After the victory of the three anti "encirclement and suppression" struggles, the two Soviet areas in Northern Shaanxi and the border areas of Shaanxi and Gansu became the foothold of the CPC Central Committee and all the roads after the long march of the Anti Japanese Red Army. In September, the red 26 army, the Red 27 army and the red 25 army, which arrived in Northern Shaanxi during the Long March, joined forces to form the red 15 army. Liu Zhidan served as the deputy head of the army and chief of staff. In October, he took part in commanding the battle of Laoshan. After that, he was arrested and tortured in the "anti rebellion" period under the "left" line, but he always insisted on the principle. Soon after the CPC Central Committee arrived in Northern Shaanxi, Mao Zedong and Zhou Enlai quickly corrected the mistake of "eliminating counter revolutionaries" within the party in the Shaanxi Gansu Soviet Area, and Liu Zhidan was released. After that, he served as deputy director of the rear Office of the Northwest Revolutionary Military Commission, commander in chief and commander of the 28th army of the Red Army's North Road army, and commander of the Wayaobao garrison where the CPC Central Committee is located.

Liu Zhidan often taught the troops to take the overall situation into consideration and obey the leadership and dispatch of the CPC Central Committee. Under his influence, the Northern Shaanxi Red Army and the Central Red Army united and fought against the enemy. In March 1936, Liu Zhidan led the 25th Red Army to take part in the eastern expedition and captured the enemy troops in the northwest of Shanxi Province. On April 14, he died bravely in the battle in Sanjiao Town, Zhongyang County (now Liulin County). He was 33 years old at that time. At present, there is a stone tablet named "the place where General Liu Zhidan died" in dangjiazhai Geda, about one kilometer south of Sanjiao Town, Liulin County.

In 1936, the central government decided to change the name of Baoan county to Zhidan County to commemorate it forever. In 1940, the Northwest Bureau and the Shaanxi Gansu Ningxia border region government built the Zhidan cemetery in the north of the county. In 1943, the cemetery was built and the coffin was transported back to Zhidan County. On April 19, the coffin was buried in Zichang County, and a "public memorial meeting for martyr Liu Zhidan" was held. On April 23, tens of thousands of people from all walks of life in Yan'an held a public memorial ceremony, which was presided over by Gao Gang, Secretary of the Northwest Bureau. Zhu De, Ren Bishi, Qin bangxian, Lin Boqu and other central leaders spoke, and Mao Zedong, Zhou Enlai and other central leaders presented white silk couplets. On April 24, the coffin of martyr Liu Zhidan was escorted back to Zhidan County by Gaogang, Lin Boqu, Wu Daifeng, Liu Jingfan (Liu Zhidan's younger brother), Zhang Xiushan, Kang Tianming, Wang Shitai, Ma Xiwu and Cao Liru. On April 26, the coffin arrived in the county seat, and there was an endless stream of local people's mourners. On May 2, a public memorial meeting for ten thousand people was held. Gao Gang introduced Zhidan's life story. Lin Boqu, Zhang Xiushan and others spoke one after another, and then they were buried in Zhidan cemetery. In 1947, when Hu zongnan attacked the border area, the mausoleum was seriously damaged. In 1953, it was restored as it was. In 1975, it was repaired again, making the mausoleum look brand new.

Chronology of Events

Born in Jinding Town, Baoan county (now Zhidan County), Shaanxi Province, on October 4, 1903, named Jinggui and Zidan.

In 1922, he was admitted to Yulin middle school. He had a close relationship with Wei Yechou, Li Zizhou and other communist teachers, and was deeply influenced by the ideas of democracy and progress.

In 1923, he was elected as the president of student autonomy of Yulin middle school, actively organizing students to carry out various progressive activities. He fought against the feudal forces such as jingyuexiu, a warlord.

In 1924, he joined the Chinese Socialist Youth League and soon took over as secretary.

In 1925, he became a member of the Communist Party of China.

In autumn, he was sent by the party organization to study in Huangpu Military Academy in Guangzhou.

At the beginning of 1926, he studied in the second company of the first regiment of the Fourth Infantry Division of the military academy, and soon transferred to the artillery division. After the beginning of the northern expedition, Liu Zhidan took part in the Northern Expedition oath meeting.

In October, he graduated from Huangpu Military Academy and was assigned to work in Feng Yuxiang's national army coalition as the political director of the fourth Route Army. In Ma Hongkui's Department, political organs were established and new-style training was carried out, so that this army became a strong brigade to attack warlord Liu Zhenhua, to liberate Xi'an, to leave Tongguan in the East, and to cooperate with the northern expedition.

In 1927, after the failure of the great revolution, he, Liu Bojian, Deng Xiaoping and other Communist Party members were sent out of China. Later, he worked in secret transportation in Shaanxi Provincial Committee of CPC.

In January 1928, Shaanxi Province appointed Liu Zhidan, Tang Shu and Xie Zichang to Luonan County to participate in the uprising organization of the new 3rd Brigade of Shaanxi army with Xu Quanzhong, a member of the Communist Party of China, as the chief of staff.

Soon after, he led a group of cadres to the border areas of Henan and Shaanxi to carry out the peasant movement and train the backbone of the red guards.

In April, he participated in and led the Weihua uprising with the new 3rd Brigade as the backbone, and served as the leader of the Northwest Industrial and agricultural revolution

Chinese PinYin : Liu Zhi Dan