Liu Bang
Liu Bang
Liu Bang (256 B.C. / 247 B.C. - June 1, 195 B.C.) was born in Fengyi, Peijun county (now Fengxian County, Jiangsu Province). Outstanding statesmen, strategists and military commanders in Chinese history, the founding emperor of the Han Dynasty, the founder and pioneer of the Han nationality and culture, have made outstanding contributions to the development of the Han nationality and the reunification of China.
According to the records of Gaodi Ji in Hanshu, Liu Bang's ancestors had a far-reaching origin, which originated from the Tang Dynasty and was also the descendant of the association of officials and scholars in the state of Jin. Liu Bang's generation has become a civilian, born in a peasant family, magnanimous, no production. At the beginning of Qin Dynasty, he was granted the title of head of Sishui Pavilion in Peixian county. Later, he released the prisoner and died in Mangdang Mountain. After Chen Sheng's uprising, he gathered 3000 children to capture Peixian county. He called himself Peigong and defected to Xiang Liang, a famous general. He served as the governor of Dang county. He was granted the title of Marquis of Wu'an and led the army of Dang county. He led his troops to Bashang, accepted Prince Qin's surrender and abolished the harsh laws of the Qin Dynasty. After the Hongmen banquet, he was granted the title of king of Han Dynasty and ruled Bashu and Hanzhong. Finally, he killed Xiang Yu, the overlord of Western Chu, won the battle between Chu and Han, and unified the world. He ascended the throne in the Yang of Dingtao Sishui, and later established the capital of Chang'an and the Western Han Dynasty. In succession, Zang Tan, Han Wangxin, Han Xin, Peng Yue, yingbu and other princes with different surnames were eliminated, and nine princes with the same surname were granted. Establish rules and regulations, recuperate and work hard for governance. The soldiers returned home, exempted from corvee, stressed agriculture and suppressed commerce, restored social economy and stabilized the ruling order. Pacifying people's life laid the cultural foundation of Han Dynasty. He made peace with the Xiongnu, opened up the border, and actively eased the relationship between Han and Xiongnu.
In 195 B.C., when he attacked the British Bolshevik rebellion, he couldn't afford to be hurt. After the establishment of the "white horse alliance", he died in Chang'an, posthumous title of emperor Gao, temple title of Taizu, and was buried in Changling. Chairman Mao commented that Liu Bang was "the most powerful one among the feudal emperors.".
Life experience
Family history
The official history book of the Han Dynasty states that the Liu Bang family originated from the Yulong family, a descendant of the Tao Tang family, and was also one of the descendants of the association of officials and scholars in the state of Jin. Some of its ethnic groups later stayed in the state of Qin and became known as the "Liu" family.
According to the records of Gaodi Ji in the book of Han Dynasty, Liu Xiang, the emperor Zongzheng of the Western Han Dynasty, once said that "during the Warring States period, Liu was obtained from the Qin Dynasty and Wei Dynasty. Qin destroyed Wei and moved to Daliang, all of which were in Feng. " Wen Ying explained that during the Warring States period, Liu was captured by the state of Wei with the Qin army and was able to stay in the state of Wei again. Later, in 286 BC, King Zhao of Qin conquered Wei, and Wei ceded the old capital Anyi. The state of Qin drove away the people in the city and moved them to Daliang. In the same year, the state of song perished. In 284 BC, the state of Wei obtained the Fengdi area of the old Song Dynasty and established the dasongjun, and then moved the people from Daliang to Fengdi to establish the city. Liu Bang's grandfather took the post of fenggong. Due to the short time of migration, Liu's tombs in Fengyi were very few. Later, Fengyi was incorporated into the state of Chu. It was one of the food cities of Chunshen emperor in more than ten years after 262 BC. Because of the complex origin of Liu's family, when Liu Bang offered sacrifices to his ancestors after he became emperor, there were sacrifices to witches in Qin, Jin, Wei, Chu and other regions.
Although Liu Bang's grandfather was fenggong (fengyiling), at that time, the world was turbulent and the society changed greatly. When Liu Bang's father's generation came, Liu's family was just a civilian who worked for farming. Fengyi was subordinate to Wei and Chu successively. Liu Bang grew up in the juncture of Wei and Chu in his youth. He was influenced by the cultural atmosphere of the two countries. He was familiar with Chu songs and admired Wei Wuji, the hero of Wei state. After the unification of the Qin Dynasty, Liu Bang became the head of the Sishui Pavilion. At the end of Qin Dynasty, Liu Bang's talents were mainly heroes of Wei and Chu.
Early experience
In the 51st year of King Zhao of Qin (256 BC) or the 3rd year of King Zhuangxiang of Qin (247 BC), Liu Bang was born in zhongyangli, Fengyi, Peijun County, on the same year, month and day as Lu Wan. The two families are very close. When he was young, he studied with Lu Wan, and they made friends. He has a high forehead, beautiful temples and beard, and 72 black moles on his left thigh. Generous benevolence, character is very cheerful, usually informal.
When he was a little older, he didn't like to work in the fields, so he was often reprimanded by his father, saying that he was not as good at business as his brother. Later, after the unification of the world, Liu Bang joked openly with Mrs. Liu about this matter: "do you see who created a great foundation with my second brother Liu Zhong?"
Adults think that Liu Bang has no ambition, can't work, no income. But Liu Bang went his own way. Liu Bang admired Wei Wuji's virtue when he was young. Later, when he was able to travel westward to all parts of the state of Wei, xinlingjun had been dead for many years. Zhang Er, who was once a disciple of xinlingjun, was also recruiting disciples. Liu Bang traveled with Zhang Er to waihuang for many times and became a guest for several months. They formed a deep friendship. In 225 B.C., after the Qin Dynasty destroyed the Wei Dynasty, Zhang Er became a wanted criminal of the Qin Dynasty, and all the disciples dispersed. Liu Bang returned to his hometown Peixian.
In 223 BC, the state of Qin destroyed Chu, because the old county of Chu established Sishui County, which governed Peixian county. Later, Liu Bang became a Sishui Pavilion leader for a long time. He was very familiar with the officials of Peixian County, and he was also well-known in the local area. Liu Bang had a great ambition. On the way to Xianyang to send his servicemen, he met the first emperor of Qin on a tour. Looking from a distance, the first emperor of Qin was sitting in a car with beautiful decorations. He was so proud that he blurted out: "Oh, my husband should be like this!"
Liu Bang's wife is Lu Gong's daughter, Lu's family. Her name is Lu Zhi. Lu Gong, a native of Shan Fu (now Shan County in Shandong Province), settled down in Pei County after feuding with his hometown, because Pei Ling and he were good friends. When he first arrived at Pei, many people heard about his relationship with the county magistrate, so people came to visit him and had a good relationship with him. Liu Bang also went to join in the fun when he heard about it. At that time, Xiao He, who was in Peixian County, presided over the reception of the guests. He announced a rule: all those who paid less than 1000 yuan for the gift should sit down in the hall. Although Liu Bang didn't bring any money with him, he said to the messenger, "I'll give you ten thousand dollars!" Hearing this, Duke Lu rushed out to meet him. I like Liu Bang very much when I see his elegant and unique style. Please take a seat.
Lu Gong, a man who likes to meet people, respects Gao Zu very much when he sees his appearance. Xiao He said: "Liu Ji has always been full of big talk, rarely achieve anything." Gaozu took the opportunity to tease the guests, so he just sat down on the table and was not humble at all. After drinking the wine to the full, Duke Lu winked at Gaozu and told him to stay. After Gaozu finished drinking, he stayed behind. Lu Gong said: "I like to meet people since I was young. There are many people I have met. No one can match your face. I hope you will cherish it. I have a daughter who would like to be your wife and concubine. " When the banquet was over, LV Yi was very angry with LV Gong and said, "at first, you always wanted to make this daughter stand out and betroth her to a noble man. Pei Ling is close to you. If you want to marry this daughter, you don't agree. Why did you give her to Liu Ji casually today? " Lu Gong said, "this is not what women understand." Finally married her daughter to Liu Ji. Lu Gong's daughter is empress Lu.
Liu Bang escorts the apprentices to Lishan Mountain as the head of the pavilion. Many of them fled on the way. Liu Bang estimated that when he arrived at Mount Li, he would run away, so when he came to mount Mangdang, he stopped to drink and released all the servants at night. Liu Bang said, "you all run for your lives. From then on, I will go far away." He was willing to follow more than a dozen strong soldiers. Liu Bang took a drink and took a path through the swamp at night to let one go ahead. The man in front came back and reported, "there's a big snake in the way ahead. You'd better go back." Liu Bang was drunk and said, "what's terrible about a man walking?" So he rushed to the front and drew his sword to kill the snake. The snake was cut in two, the road opened, and went on for several miles. When he was drunk, he lay down on the ground.
The people behind came to the place where the snake was cut and saw an old woman crying in the dark. When asked why she was crying, the old woman said, "someone killed my son. I'm crying for him." Someone asked, "why was your child killed?" The old woman said, "my son is the son of the White Emperor. He became a snake and stood in the middle of the road. Now he was killed by the son of the Red Emperor, so he cried." They thought that the old woman was lying. They were about to beat her, but the old woman suddenly disappeared. The people behind catch up with Liu Bang and Liu Bang wakes up. Those people told Liu Bang what happened just now. Liu Bang was secretly happy and even more conceited. Those who followed him grew afraid of him.
Troops in Peixian County
In 209 BC, the peasant uprising broke out in the late Qin Dynasty. After Chen Sheng and Wu Guang led the uprising army to capture Chen County, Chen Sheng established the "Zhang Chu" regime, which was in open opposition to the Qin Dynasty.
At this time, Peixian magistrate also wanted to respond to the uprising. Xiao He and Cao can were Peixian officials at that time. They advised the magistrate to call back the exiles of the county, so as to increase their strength and prevent future troubles. The magistrate thought it was reasonable, so he asked fan Kuai to invite Liu Bang, who already had hundreds of people at that time. At this time, however, Peiling regretted it again. He was afraid that Liu Bang would not be easy to control when he came back, and that he would be killed if he didn't get it right, which was tantamount to leading a wolf into the house. Therefore, he ordered the city gate to be closed and prepared to capture Xiao He and Cao Shen. Hearing the news, they fled to the outside of the city. When Liu Bang heard about it, he shot a letter into the city and encouraged the people in the city to get up and kill the rebellious magistrate, so that they could defend their hometown together.
The common people are very dissatisfied with the county magistrate who usually doesn't show much sympathy for them. After killing the county magistrate, they open the city gate to welcome Liu Bang. Xiao He and Cao Shen are both civil servants. They are worried about their lives. They are afraid that they will not succeed. They are killed by the Qin Dynasty and try their best to recommend Liu Bang
Chinese PinYin : Liu Bang
Liu Bang
