the Red Army

Chinese Red Army of workers and peasants

The Chinese workers' and peasants' Red Army was a people's army led by the Communist Party of China during the Agrarian Revolutionary War. The Red Army for short. The predecessor of the Chinese people's Liberation Army.

In 1927, "Red Army" appeared in couplets on both sides of the gate of Huang'an county (now Hong'an) peasant government, which was the first time in Chinese history to use the word "Red Army" to address the revolutionary armed forces led by the Communist Party of China. On May 25, 1928, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China decided that the revolutionary army of workers and peasants in all parts of the country was officially named the Red Army. After 1930, it was gradually renamed the Chinese workers' and peasants' Red Army. During the period of the civil war between the Kuomintang and the Communist Party, the Chinese workers' and peasants' Red Army continued to develop and grow. They successively formed the first front army (formerly known as the Central Red Army), the Fourth Front Army, the second front army and the northwest Red Army, and established the central revolutionary base areas and the revolutionary base areas of Western Hunan and Hubei, Hubei, Henan and Anhui, QiongYa, Fujian, Zhejiang and Jiangxi, Hunan, Hubei and Jiangxi, Zuoyoujiang, Sichuan, Shaanxi, Shaanxi, Gansu, Hunan, Hubei, Sichuan and Guizhou It smashed the National Revolutionary Army's "encirclement and suppression" and "clean-up and suppression" for many times.

After the outbreak of the Anti Japanese War, according to the agreement reached between the CPC Central Committee and the national government, the main Red Army was reorganized into the Eighth Route Army of the National Revolutionary Army (hereinafter referred to as the Eighth Route Army); the Red Army and guerrillas who persisted in fighting in 13 areas of Jiangxi, Fujian, Zhejiang, Guangdong, Hunan, Hubei, Henan and Anhui provinces were reorganized into the New Fourth Army of the National Revolutionary Army (hereinafter referred to as the New Fourth Army).

The origin of the name

The name of the workers' and peasants' red army comes from the official name of the Soviet Red Army, the workers' and peasants' Red Army.

Historical evolution

Nanchang Uprising and Jinggangshan meeting

On August 1, 1927, under the leadership of the Communist Party of China, "Nanchang Uprising" broke out.

In April 1928, the Nanchang Uprising team led by Zhu De arrived in Jinggangshan and joined the Autumn Harvest Uprising team led by Mao Zedong to form the Fourth Army of the Chinese workers' and peasants' revolutionary army.

"Red Army" appeared for the first time in China after jute Uprising

The word "Red Army" first appeared in a couplet. In 1927, Chiang Kai Shek launched the "4.12" counter revolutionary coup. On November 13 of the same year, the peasant self-defense forces of Huang'an county (now Hong'an county) and Macheng County, Hubei Province, led by the Communist Party of China, occupied Huang'an County occupied by the Kuomintang, which was known as the Huangma uprising in history, and immediately established the "Huang'an County agricultural government". Mr. Wu Lanxin, a famous calligrapher in the county, was very happy. He wrote a couplet and pasted it on the gate of the farmers' government of Huang'an county. The couplet reads: "I hate the green forest soldiers, pretending to be blue and white, and the darkness is deep and buried in the red son; when Huang'an county is restored, we can see the blue clouds and purple air, and the people are full of support for the Red Army.".

The couplet is neat, with ten color words "green, green, white, black, red, yellow, blue, purple, grey and red" embedded in it. It has strong feelings and describes the situation and the passion of the people's revolution at that time. Especially rare is the use of the word "Red Army" in couplets. This is the first person to call the army led by the Communist Party of China the "Red Army.".

Guangzhou Uprising first holds the banner of "workers' and peasants' Red Army"

In the early morning of December 11, 1927, Guangzhou Uprising broke out, which shocked China and foreign countries. In the red flag extra, the leading organs of the uprising announced the organization of the "workers' and peasants' Red Army" and announced the list of leaders of the workers' and peasants' Red Army. The workers' and peasants' soldiers who took part in the uprising played the banner of the "workers' and peasants' Red Army" on the day of the uprising.

At about 2 a.m. that day, Zhang Tailei, Ye Ting and other leaders came to the Fourth Battalion of the Fourth Army of the second front army of the National Revolutionary Army to hold a pledge meeting. At the swearing in ceremony, the general headquarters of Guangzhou Uprising openly raised the banner of "workers' and peasants' Red Army", and collectively referred to the troops participating in the uprising as workers' and peasants' Red Army. Ye Ting was the commander-in-chief of workers' and peasants' Red Army. The troops participating in the uprising included all the teaching regiments of the Fourth Army of the National Revolutionary Army, the first part of the guard regiment, seven regiments of the Guangzhou workers' Red Guard, and some peasant armed forces in the suburbs.

Although the uprising in Guangzhou was defeated soon, the name of "workers' and peasants' Red Army" spread all over the country. From then on, the title of "Red Army" began to be used in the revolutionary armed forces in various places.

Circular No. 51 of the CPC Central Committee

On May 25, 1928, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China issued "central circular No. 51 - outline of military work (adopting the contents of the resolution on military issues of the enlarged meeting of the Guangdong provincial Party committee)". The outline stipulates: "the establishment of the Red Army has become an important task. It does not have to wait for the success of the uprising in a province or a country. As long as a separatist area can be established, the work of establishing the Red Army should begin. The Red Army established in the areas under separate rule may be formally named the Red Army, and the former name of the workers' and peasants' Revolutionary Army shall be abolished. " "We must pay special attention to political work in the Red Army.". "The Red Army should be supervised by political commissars sent by the Soviet Union and be responsible for political work. Political commissars should be party representatives.

After that, the Fourth Army of the Chinese workers' and peasants' revolutionary army was renamed the Fourth Army of the Chinese workers' and peasants' Red Army.

political work

In October 1930, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China promulgated the Provisional Regulations on the political work of the Chinese workers' and peasants' Red Army. This is the first formal regulation on the political work of the Chinese workers' and peasants' Red Army, including 10 specific regulations on the general principles, political instructors, political commissars, political organs at all levels, Party branches, party affairs committees, Youth League and the relationship between the political organs of the Red Army and the local party.

The general provisions of the regulations stipulate that the purpose of establishing political work in the Red Army is "to consolidate the leadership of the Communist Party of China, the vanguard of the proletariat, in the Red Army and to make the Red Army a powerful armed force of the workers' and peasants' revolution". The political organs in the Red Army are "part of the Soviet regime", the "executors of the party's political line and discipline" and "political instructors in the Red Army". The task of political work is to "carry out the class education of the proletariat" so that the commanders and fighters of the Red Army can understand the political responsibility of the class borne by the Red Army and the significance of fighting against the enemy. It is necessary to train the Red Army's commanders and fighters to be "soldiers with military skills", citizens with class consciousness in establishing and consolidating the Soviet regime, and internationalists in completing the world revolution.

Therefore, the regulations make specific provisions. The main points are as follows:

1、 Political instructors are the instructors and executors of the political work of Red Army soldiers.

2、 The political committee is the plenipotentiary representative of the Communist Party of China in the Red Army. It represents the dual significance of political power and the party, and is fully responsible for the implementation of the party's political line and discipline in the Red Army. Political commissars have the right to issue separate orders in politics, and have the right to stop military commanders' orders in case of disputes with military commanders at the same level.

3、 Political offices are set up in regiments and independent battalions, and political departments are set up at all levels above division level.

4、 The Party branch of a company "is the organization of the party's basic unit in the Red Army, and any company with more than three party members has to organize a party branch.".

In addition, the regulations also stipulate that the political departments of the Legion, army and division all set up party affairs committees. This is a department concerned with party affairs, such as maintaining Party discipline and developing party members.

Establishment changes

Red Army

On August 24, 1930, the first Red Army and the third Red Army met in Yonghe, Liuyang, Hunan Province to form the first Red Army (also known as the Central Red Army). Zhu De, commander in chief, and Mao Zedong, general political commissar. At that time, the 1st Red Army had jurisdiction over the 3rd, 4th and 12th Red Army, and the 3rd Red Army had jurisdiction over the 5th, 8th and 16th Red Army.

In August 1931, the seventh Red Army of Zhang Yunyi and Deng Xiaoping was incorporated into the third Corps. On December 24 of the same year, the Kuomintang army (26th Route Army) of Ningdu uprising was organized into the fifth Red Army. In June 1932, it was renamed red first front army.

In 1933, it became the first, third, Fifth Corps of the Red Army and the independent division of Jiangxi military region. Among them, the first corps had jurisdiction over the fourth, fourteenth, and fifteenth Corps (the fourteenth and fifteenth corps were originally established by the Fifth Corps), the third corps had jurisdiction over the first, second, third, fourth, sixth, and seventh divisions, and the Fifth Corps had jurisdiction over the third and second Corps (the twelfth corps of the first Corps). The seventh Red Army was originally the tenth Red Army expanded by the Red Army in Northeast Jiangxi in 1930. It joined the Central Red Army in January 1933 and was assigned to the first front army. On July 20, 1933, it was changed into the seventh Red Army. On October 28, 1933, the ninth Red Army was formed by the third division of the first Red Army and the fourteenth division of the fifth Red Army. The eighth Red Army, composed of the 21st division of the seventh Red Army and the 23rd division directly under the Central Red Army, was formed in September 1934, with a maximum force of 24 armies and more than 70000 troops. In 1933, it became the first, third, fifth, sixth and seventh Legion. In July 1934, the seventh Legion went north and changed its name to "Anti Japanese advance team". In October 1933, it was combined with the new red ten Army established in early 1933 to form the red ten army, and then failed. As the advance team of the Long March, the sixth Legion advanced to Xiangxi and the second Legion.

At the beginning of the long march in 1934, the first front army was reorganized into the first, the third (three divisions each), the fifth, the eighth and the ninth (two divisions each). Among them, the eighth and the ninth were formed during the last "red expansion" before the long march. Most of them were recruits with poor equipment and combat effectiveness. During the Xiangjiang war, the eighth and ninth legions were scattered. After the Xiangjiang war, the number of the eighth Corps was withdrawn. The remaining units were incorporated into the fifth and ninth Legion and have been serving as guards of the whole army. The ninth regiment once fought alone in Guizhou to cover the main forces for mobile operations.

After the mao'ergai meeting in 1935, the first front army of the Red Army left the Fourth Front Army of the Red Army and headed for Northern Shaanxi. At that time, because the fifth and ninth corps were stationed in the Fourth Front Army, they could not go north with the army and were incorporated into the Fourth Front Army of the Red Army. After the Russian border conference, the first and third legions and the cadre regiment formed a central column and formed a Shaanxi Gansu detachment in Northern Shaanxi. Before arriving in Northern Shaanxi, the whole army was reorganized into the red one Legion. In November 1935, they joined the army

Chinese PinYin : Hong Jun1