Tibetan metal forging skills (Tibetan copper forging skills)

Name of China's national intangible cultural heritage: Tibetan metal forging skills (Tibetan copper forging skills)

Applicant: Baiyu County, Sichuan Province

Project No.: 903

Project No.: VIII - 120

Time of publication: 2008 (second batch)

Category: traditional art

Region: Sichuan Province

Type: new item

Applicant: Baiyu County, Sichuan Province

Protection unit: Baiyu County Cultural Center

Brief introduction of Tibetan metal forging technology (Tibetan copper forging technology)

Applicant: Baiyu County, Sichuan Province

There are many kinds of products produced by Tibetan metal forging techniques, such as Buddha statues, all kinds of magic tools (such as runner, Tantric Vajra pestle), incense burner, etc., especially Tibetan knives.

The Tibetan waist knife has a clean surface and extremely sharp blade. The handle is made of ox horn and hardwood (such as jujube wood) and wrapped with copper wire and silver wire. The top is covered with copper leather and inlaid with brass or carved patterns. Scabbard is also very particular, engraved dragon and Phoenix, tiger and lion, flowers, birds and other patterns, some also decorated with gems and agate, the style is gorgeous. Tibetan knife is not only a necessity of Tibetan people's life, but also a famous Tibetan handicraft, which is deeply loved by art collectors and connoisseurs.

Tibetan metal forging technology has a long history, unique style and exquisite technology. Its traditional products are closely linked with Tibetan people's production, life and religious belief, and have distinct national and regional characteristics. Tibetan knife has the functions of production, life, self-defense, decoration, etc. it is the most representative variety of many Tibetan handicrafts, and it is also a kind of Tibetan sword

It is an important part of ethnic culture.

Baiyu County in Ganzi Tibetan Autonomous Region of Sichuan Province is famous for its metal handicrafts. It is known as the "hometown of handicrafts". The local Tibetan Dao is called "Baiyu Tibetan Dao", which is loved by the majority of Tibetans. The production of Tibetan knives in Baiyu county is relatively concentrated, mainly distributed in hEPO and Riga townships. According to statistics, there are 407 households engaged in handicraft production with 634 employees in the county, including 192 households and 264 employees in hEPO Township alone.

The metal handicrafts in hEPO township of Baiyu county can be divided into five categories, mainly Tibetan knives. Tibetan Dao mainly includes men's long waist Dao, middle long waist Dao, hanging Dao, women's hanging Dao, bayonet, Gesar Dao, etc. The production of Tibetan knives in Baiyu county has a long history, which can be traced back to the early Tang Dynasty in the 7th century AD and has a history of more than 1300 years. During the period of King Ling Gesar in Song Dynasty, the metal handicraft industry in hEPO was mainly used to produce weapons, which was known as "Gesar arsenal". Since the yuan, Ming and Qing Dynasties, in the construction process of gatuo temple in Ganzi, the Han and Tibetan folk arts and crafts have exchanged with each other, and the metal handicrafts in hEPO township have been greatly developed, and they have changed from making traditional weapons to making daily necessities. In addition to Tibetan Dao, it also produces harness (saddle, stirrup, etc.), Buddha harness (butter lamp, water purification bowl, water purification bottle, etc.), daily utensils (silver bowl, etc.) and ornaments (fire chain, earrings, headdress, belt, necklace, etc.).

The Tibetan Dao in Lazi County of Tibet Autonomous Region is mainly produced in Lazi snow village, known as "Lazi snow Dao", which has a history of more than 1000 years. There are three kinds of Tibetan knives forged in Lazi area: long Dao, short Dao and small Dao. The length of a long knife can be as long as one meter, that of a short knife is about forty centimeters long, and that of a small knife is only ten centimeters long. The general production process of Tibetan knives consists of smelting, mold casting, chiseling, inlaying, welding combination, reinforcement, filing, fine carving and polishing. Lazi Tibetan Dao is forged from steel, with fine processing, clean surface and sharp blade. The handle is made of horn or wood, wrapped with silver or copper wire. The top of high-grade handle is covered with copper skin, and some are also inlaid with silver ornaments. The scabbard is also very exquisite. It is often covered with silver or copper, carved with flowers and animals, and even inlaid with jewelry or gold, which makes it gorgeous.

Anchong Tibetan Dao in Yushu Tibetan Autonomous Region of Qinghai Province is famous for its exquisite shape and good performance. It is mainly made of gold, silver, copper and other metals, and decorated with ox horn and ox bone. There are two kinds of anchong Tibetan Dao: Men's Dao and women's Dao. In terms of modeling, most of the women's Tibetan knives are crescent shaped, exquisite and beautiful in workmanship. The scabbard is engraved with dragon and Phoenix, flowers, Falun in Eight Buddhist treasures, and inlaid with coral, turquoise, agate, etc. The shape of men's anchong Tibetan Dao is the same as that of ordinary Dao. It is gold-plated and silver inlaid. The blade is frost like and extremely sharp. The Tibetan people call it "three use Dao", which means that this Dao can be used to cut beef and mutton, resist wild animals and defend oneself, and be used for waist ornaments to add heroism. Anchong Tibetan sword is not only famous in Qinghai, Tibet, Sichuan, Gansu and other Tibetan areas, but also well-known in the world. Tourists at home and abroad regard it as a rare treasure and collect it carefully.

Chinese PinYin : Cang Zu Jin Shu Duan Zao Ji Yi Cang Zu Duan Tong Ji Yi