Fireworks and firecrackers production technology (Pucheng pole Fire Technology)

Name of China's national intangible cultural heritage: fireworks production technology (Pucheng pole Fire Technology)

Applicant: Pucheng County, Shaanxi Province

Project No.: 436

Project No.: VIII - 86

Time of publication: 2008 (second batch)

Category: traditional art

Region: Shaanxi Province

Type: Extension Project

Applicant: Pucheng County, Shaanxi Province

Protection unit: Pucheng County pole Fire Research Association

Brief introduction of fireworks production technology (Pucheng pole Fire Technology)

Applicant: Pucheng County, Shaanxi Province

China is the first country to invent gunpowder in the world. Fireworks made of gunpowder also have a long history and enjoy high reputation in the world. The record of firecracker can be found in the book of Jingchu's age in the southern and Northern Dynasties, which describes the custom of firecracker in front of the court to avoid evil spirits when the cock crows. At that time, the so-called firecracker actually burned the bamboo tube, causing the air in the tube to heat up and burst. After Sui and Tang Dynasties, gunpowder was loaded into bamboo tube instead. In Song Dynasty, the abandoned bamboo tube was replaced by paper wrapped gunpowder. String of small firecrackers, commonly known as "firecrackers", have appeared in Hangzhou, the capital of the Southern Song Dynasty. According to the records of old stories in Wulin, this kind of firecracker rings continuously after it is ignited to the end. In the Ming and Qing Dynasties, there were many kinds of firecrackers, such as the double sound thunderbolt, the rising three waves, the two kicks, the flying ten rings and so on. Modern firecrackers are further developed and perfected in type and technology, forming a complete production system, including single sound, double sound, serial sound, firecrackers, firecrackers and other varieties, as well as various technologies such as reel, barrel cutting, bottom pasting, mud filling, gunpowder priming and hole sealing.

Fireworks, also known as "fireworks" and "fireworks", began in the Sui and Tang Dynasties, flourished in the Song Dynasty, and became popular in the Ming and Qing Dynasties. In the Tang Dynasty, "gunpowder and fireworks" appeared, which can show melons and fruits, animals, ghosts and other patterns. In the Southern Song Dynasty, shelf fireworks were very popular. According to Wanshu Zaji, there are many kinds of fireworks in Beijing in Ming Dynasty. The paper letter is called "flower tube", the mud letter is called "casserole", and the bamboo basket letter is called "flower box", which can show various patterns such as ribbon bird, grape trellis, pearl curtain, and long-term lamp. In the Qing Dynasty, Ji Sheng said that the fireworks in the capital at that time were "filled with several stories in the brocade box, and the characters were like Sheng, Ling and flowers and plants. The color of fireworks is mainly made of gunpowder and different chemicals, such as sodium salt is yellow, potassium salt is purple, strontium salt is red, barium salt is green and copper salt is blue.

Fireworks and firecrackers in China are mainly produced in Liuyang of Hunan, Wanzai and Pingxiang of Jiangxi, Dongguan of Guangdong and Pucheng and Yangxian of Shaanxi. Among them, shelf fireworks were well-known in the Song Dynasty. At present, they are rarely used, so it is urgent to protect and inherit them in order to promote their continuous development.

Pucheng stick fire is an ancient palace low altitude fireworks that has been handed down to the present. Its production techniques are now in leifang village, Jingyao Town, Pucheng County, Shaanxi Province, and are mastered by the descendants of the Li family in the village. According to textual research, Pucheng's gunpowder production originated in the Tang and Song Dynasties, and the rod fire with rod as bracket flourished in the Jin and Yuan Dynasties and flourished in the Ming and Qing Dynasties, which has a history of nearly a thousand years. It uses sulfur, mirabilite and willow charcoal as raw materials. After being made into gunpowder according to the secret recipe, it uses exquisite paper binding modeling, secret fire line layout and skeleton binding to make civil and military rod fire. After being set off, it shows unique sound, light and color. It displays beautiful mountains and rivers, legendary figures and story modeling in front of the audience, which is dazzling and overwhelming Hua Yijue. Pucheng pole fire stunt has been performed in Eurasia and won wide praise. Since the founding of new China, many national leaders have watched Pucheng pole fire performance. Pucheng pole fire has a long history and unique form, which has high historical and cultural research value.

Chinese PinYin : Yan Huo Bao Zhu Zhi Zuo Ji Yi Pu Cheng Gan Huo Ji Yi