Tie dyeing skills of Bai nationality

Name of China's national intangible cultural heritage: tie dyeing skills of Bai nationality

Applicant: Dali City, Yunnan Province

Item No.: 376

Project No.: VIII - 26

Time of publication: 2006 (the first batch)

Category: traditional art

Region: Yunnan Province

Type: new item

Applicant: Dali City, Yunnan Province

Protection unit: Dali intangible cultural heritage protection and Management Institute

Introduction to tie dyeing of Bai nationality

Applicant: Dali City, Yunnan Province

Tie dyeing is an ancient textile dyeing technique in China. Zhoucheng village, Dali City, Dali Bai Autonomous Prefecture, and Dacang and miaojie in Weishan Yi and Hui Autonomous County still retain this traditional skill. Among them, the tie dyeing industry of Zhoucheng Bai nationality is the most famous, which is named "the hometown of ethnic tie dyeing" by the Ministry of culture.

According to historical records, there was dyeing and weaving in Dali during the Eastern Han Dynasty. In the 16th year of the Zhengyuan period of the Tang Dynasty, the Nanzhao dance team went to Chang'an to perform. Their dance clothes were tie dyed with "skirt Ru, birds, animals, plants, and eight colors of mixed leather". During the Ming and Qing Dynasties, the dyeing and weaving skills of the Bai nationality area in Erhai Lake reached a very high level, and there were dyeing guilds. Erhai red cloth in Ming Dynasty, Xizhou cloth in Qing Dynasty and Dali cloth were all popular products. Since modern times, Dali's dyeing and weaving industry has continued to develop, and Zhoucheng has become a well-known manual dyeing village.

Tie dyeing generally takes cotton white cloth or cotton linen blended white cloth as raw material, and the main dye is indigo (commonly known as Banlangen in Yunnan folk). The main steps of tie dyeing include painting brush pattern, wringing, soaking, dyeing, steaming, drying, stitching removal, cloth grinding, etc. the key technology is wringing technique and dyeing technique. The main tools of tie dyeing are dyeing vat, dyeing stick, sun rack, stone roller, etc. Bai tie dyeing has a variety of varieties, and the patterns are mostly small natural patterns, which are evenly distributed, and the theme implies auspiciousness. It has important aesthetic value and practical function, and is highly praised by consumers at home and abroad.

Tie dyeing of Bai nationality in Dali shows a strong folk art style. More than 1000 patterns are the epitome of Bai nationality's history and culture for thousands of years, reflecting Bai nationality's folk customs and aesthetic taste. Together with various craft means, it forms a charming Bai nationality's weaving and dyeing culture in Dali.

However, the current trend of industrialization makes part of the traditional tie dyeing techniques die out, the original folk characteristics begin to degenerate, the pollution problem is becoming increasingly prominent, the market operation breeds the excessive pursuit of economic interests, and the supply of plant dye Banlangen is in short supply. In this situation, the inheritance of Bai tie dyeing technology is troubled. Only by seriously solving the above problems can we promote the inheritance and development of Dali traditional Bai weaving and dyeing skills.

Chinese PinYin : Bai Zu Zha Ran Ji Yi