Gongs and drums

Name of China's national intangible cultural heritage: gonggushu

Applicant: Nanhui District, Shanghai

Project No.: 258

Project No.: V - 22

Time of publication: 2006 (the first batch)

Category: quyi

Region: Shanghai

Type: new item

Applicant: Nanhui District, Shanghai

Protection unit: Shanghai Pudong New Area Culture and art guidance center (Shanghai Pudong New Area Mass Culture and Art Museum, Shanghai Pudong New Area film distribution and projection management station)

Introduction to gonggushu:

Applicant: Nanhui District, Shanghai

Luogushu was formerly known as taibaoshu. Taibaoshu was derived from Taibu, an activity of praying for peace in rural areas of Shanghai suburbs. It is also known as "tangluoshu" and "shengushu" in the folk because the actors beat gongs and drums to sing stories. After the founding of the people's Republic of China, it was named "gonggushu". The origin and formation period of luogushu is still unknown. It was formed in the suburbs of Shanghai. It was widely popular in Dongxiang and Xixiang in the suburbs of Shanghai in the late Qing Dynasty and the early Republic of China, and spread to Pinghu in Jiaxing, Zhejiang Province.

"Taibu" ceremony is similar to the Daochang of Taoism, whose purpose is to drive away the plague and pestilence for the living. The ceremony is expressed in the form of rap, including Daobai, chanting, solo, duet and so on. The contents are folklore and historical stories, which have nothing to do with religious rituals and are only used to entertain gods and people. Over time, this form gradually emerged from the religious ceremony and developed into a separate folk rap form.

The basic performance form of gonggushu is that actors beat gongs and drums by themselves, sing and tell stories. In the early stage, it was a single person sitting performance. In the late 1950s, it was gradually changed to two or more people standing rap and even performance performance. Accompanying instruments gradually increased, with pipa, dulcimer and other small stringed bands. The main form of performance commonly used was a single person rap band. In the process of spreading, due to different regions, the music of gongs and drums can be divided into "Dongxiang" in Chuansha and Nanhui and "Xixiang" in Songjiang and Jinshan. The tunes include "Jinping tune" and "Diao".

In the 1930s and 1940s, the Taibao books in Shanghai flourished. There is a tea garden "Luban Pavilion" in Nanhui city. The Xiasha area has become the "Taibao nest" of Taibao artists because of the generations of artists. Xu Liankui, the nickname of black leather, has sung Tai Bao to Town God's Temple, Shanghai. During the Anti Japanese War, taibaoshu officially entered the urban area. At that time, Hu Shanyan and Wang Junfa were the most influential actors.

After 1949, only a small number of Shanghai artists sang taibaoshu at the same time. In 1957, the Shanghai Municipal Bureau of culture excavated folk art, and the artist Hu Shanyan created a modern medium length program "Da Yan Ju". Nanhui County Cultural Center also introduced the old and brought forth the new, and produced the first modern short program "fragrance of rice in luhuadangli" with the name of "gonggushu". From then on, taibaoshu was renamed gonggushu, and gradually revived in the amateur stage.

Most of the performances of gonggushu are based on the traditional bibliography of long and medium articles, while the amateur performances after 1949 are mainly based on the short and opening articles of modern themes. There are two kinds of traditional bibliographies, namely "Xiaoshu" (the instrument of duet) and "Dashu" (the martial book of restatement), but most of them are "Xiaoshu", such as "Wangchuang transition", "jiugengtian", "eight beauties of Gaoqiao", "shuangzhuqiu", "Jade Dragonfly", "Pearl Tower", "White Snake", "Wenwu Xiangqiu" and so on; while Dashu includes "Yinglie Zhuan", "Luotong saobei" and "Luotong saobei"《 Hu Jiajiang, Hou Xingtang, seven swordsmen and thirteen swordsmen, etc. Short programs such as "Wang Po scolds chicken", "rice fragrance in luhuadang", medium programs such as "Da Yan Ju", "Lin Chong ran at night" and opening programs such as "names of wild flowers in December" and "praying mantis being married" all have certain representativeness. The contents of gongs and drums books are mostly based on folklore, romance novels and family ethics and historical stories, which have strong local flavor and local characteristics.

Due to the changes of the times, the performance of gongs and drums books has shrunk, and the old artists have died one after another. Now the number of artists who can perform has dropped sharply to five. The whole gongs and drums books have reached the point where it is difficult to survive, and they are in urgent need of support and protection.

Chinese PinYin : Luo Gu Shu