Qibao town, Minhang District, Shanghai Municipality

Qibao ancient town

Qibao town, located in the southwest of Shanghai, is a historic town with both natural scenery and cultural connotation. It is adjacent to Caohejing high tech Development Zone in the East, Songjiang and Qingpu in the west, Shanghai Xinzhuang Industrial Zone in the South and Hongqiao International Airport in the north.

Qishen Road, Caobao Road, Wuzhong Road, Gudai Road, Zhongchun Road, Huqingping road and other vertical and horizontal ring roads form a network; in 2007, the rail transit line 9 from Qibao to Songjiang new city officially opened. The town covers an area of 21.3 square kilometers, with 56 neighborhood committees, 7 administrative villages, 2 economic cooperatives and a population of more than 200000. In 2018, the national health county (township) was reconfirmed.

History and culture

The formation of seven treasures

From Lu Baoan to Qibao Temple

When it comes to the formation of Qibao, first of all, let's talk about Lu Ji and Lu Yun, two famous writers in Jin Dynasty. Lu Ji was born in 261 A.D. and Lu Yun was born in 262 A.D. but both brothers were killed by Sima Ying, king of Chengdu in 303 A.D. They are all from Huating, Wujun (now Songjiang District, Shanghai).

Lu Ji and Lu Yun were born in the period of the Three Kingdoms in the eastern Wu Dynasty. Their grandfather, Lu Xun, served as the right governor, Dadu governor, prime minister, marquis, father, Lu Kang, baifenwei general, Da Sima, and leader of Jingzhou animal husbandry.

After the return of the Three Kingdoms to the Jin Dynasty, Lu Ji and Lu Yun got the tolerance of the Jin emperor and studied hard in their hometown Huating for ten years. As a result, they gradually became famous for their works. The two brothers made great achievements in poetry, poetry and prose, and were known as "the two continents between the clouds". Since the "eight kings' rebellion" in the Jin Dynasty, Lu Ji and Lu Yun were not far away from the disaster, so they were only pardoned.

In the second year of Tai'an, Wang Ying of Chengdu and Wang Si of Hejian fought against Wang Yi of Changsha. Lu Ji was appointed as the commander-in-chief of the vanguard. Because of the defeat, he was framed by Meng Jiu brothers and Lu Zhi of Wang Ying of Chengdu, and was secretly admitted to the army. The three ethnic groups of Yi were killed at the same time. Lu Ji was 43 years old and Lu Yun was 42 years old. Lu Ji, who was on the verge of execution, once lamented, "if you want to hear the crane in Huating, can you get it back?" In this way, the famous literary masters of the Western Jin Dynasty died in the disaster of war.

Lu Ji and Lu Yun were the literary masters at that time. At that time, they were called Lu Yun as "elegant in language and profound in purpose", and Lu Ji was "rare in talent and excellent in writing". Unfortunately, both Lu Ji and Lu Yun were the victims of the power struggle of the ruling class at that time, leaving behind the allusion of "Huating Hezhe".

After Er Lu was killed by Sima Ying, his descendants set up a incense temple in Songjiang, named Lu Baoyuan. At the beginning, the hospital was located in lubaoshan of Songjiang and on Wusong River. The establishment of lubaoyuan foreshadowed the formation of Qibao town in the early Song Dynasty. There is a long historical process from lubaoyuan to Qibao temple. The date of lubaoyuan is unknown.

Later, Lu Baoyuan changed its name to Lu Baoan, and Lu Baoan moved its site three times because of the water teeth Bank of Wusong River. It experienced 16 states in the Eastern Jin Dynasty, southern and Northern Dynasties, Sui and Tang Dynasties, nearly 600 years, until five dynasties and ten states. The Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms are divided into a historical stage. It is because Qibao temple was officially named in the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms.

"Songjiang Fu Zhi" and "Qingpu County Zhi" record the formation of Qibao: "Qibao was originally in lubaoshan. The king of Wu and Yue gave the Scriptures in gold, saying, "this is a treasure.". It was renamed Qibao. After the apprentice in the town, hence the name. A short sentence points out the origin of the seven treasures.

The Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms is a historical transitional period between Tang Dynasty and Song Dynasty. Qian Liu, the king of Wu and Yue, was in power from 907 to 931. Qian Liu, the king of Wu and Yue, went to Lu Baoan and presented Lu Baoan with a Lotus Sutra written on blue gauze paper by his imperial concubine for five years. He also said, "this is a treasure." Therefore, Lu Baoan was renamed Qibao temple.

It must be noted that Qibao Temple got its name in the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms, and it was also moved to the north of Puhuitang three times. But the scale is very small, just ordinary Buddhist activity temple.

According to the records of Puxi, Qibao town in the early Song Dynasty only refers to the area north of Puhuitang. It belonged to Huating from the emperor Shizu of Yuan Dynasty to the 14th year of Yuan Dynasty, and was changed to Songjiangfu in the 15th year of Yuan Dynasty. In the 29th year of the Yuan Dynasty, Huating County became Shanghai county. At that time, Qibao town belonged to Shanghai county.

When Emperor Hongwu of the Ming Dynasty came, Songjiang Prefecture was in charge of Huating and Shanghai counties. In the 21st year of Jiajing of the Ming Dynasty, Huating and Shanghai were divided into Qingpu County. At this time, Qibao town belonged to Qingpu County. By the first year of Wanli in the Ming Dynasty, with Puhuitang and Hengli River as the boundary, Qibao town was divided into Huating, Shanghai and Qingpu counties. It is divided into Lou County in the south, Qingpu County in the north and Shanghai county across Hengli river.

Although the three counties were divided, the geographical division of Qibao town was very clear in the Ming Dynasty. East to Hengjing (now Xinjing port), West to Xiaolai port, north to Guanyintang (Huqingping highway), South to gusitumiao (Gudai Road). After hundreds of years, this town has not changed much. However, in the Ming and Qing Dynasties, why were there three governance in one town? From one side, it shows that Qibao was a place with developed economy and heavy taxation in Ming and Qing Dynasties. "Puxi Chronicle" says: "the land tax of one million is not the manager of one order". It is reasonable to divide the seven treasures into three counties and collect taxes.

From the later Han Dynasty to the early Song Dynasty is the formation period of Qibao town. In the early Song Dynasty, Qibao town entered a period of development after it got its name from the temple. The Ming and Qing Dynasties are the prosperous period of Qibao town. Qibao is a thousand year old town, which started from the name of Qibao town, that is to say, Qibao town is a thousand year old town left by the Northern Song Dynasty.

Zhang zeshe's house and temple

Before Qibao temple was moved to the north of Puhuitang, it seems impossible to know what happened on both sides of Puhuitang, because there is no record. However, there is a record in Puxi Xiaozhi, which can be used as a reference for us to demonstrate the formation period of both sides of Puhuitang. "Dongzha small stone bridge runs to the West Bank of the Hengli River, and the southbound traveler is the South Hengli street. Southward through Dingjiazhuang,... " The "Dingjiazhuang" here is recorded in "Puxi Xiaozhi": "Dingjiazhuang is the dingjianyang house of the later Han Dynasty." Ding Jianyang is the adoptive father of general Lu Bu of the Three Kingdoms. It is here that Qibao town was formed in the later Han Dynasty when there was no place name.

Before Qibao temple was moved to the north of Puhuitang, there were people living on both sides of Puhuitang from the later Han Dynasty, but there was no place name. At that time, there were Dingjiazhuang, maybe Zhangjiazhuang and Wangjiazhuang. When Qibao temple was moved to the north of Puhuitang, Zhang zeshe lived in the temple in the early Song Dynasty, which laid the foundation for the naming of Qibao.

There are no historical records about Zhang Ze in the early Song Dynasty, but it is certain that Zhang Ze was a landlord and a strong economic figure on the North Bank of Puhuitang in the Song Dynasty. Judging from the fact that Zhang zeneng gave up his house, this area was no longer an ordinary rural area at that time, and had the environment to produce people with considerable economic and political strength. Otherwise, as a famous family in Wu, the Lu family would not choose the location of their courtyard in the north of Puhuitang at will.

The relocation of Qibao temple to the north of Puhuitang has a lot to do with the surrounding environment. There is xianghuabang in front of the temple and Hengli port after the right temple chibang. On the left is Hengli port. There are three bridges on xianghuabang. There is water on all sides of the temple, and it runs through Puhuitang. This special geographical environment turned out to be Zhang Ze's homestead. Zhang Ze let out this geomantic treasure land to expand Qibao temple, which changed the appearance of Qibao Temple greatly. It expanded to more than 1000 Buddhist temples and monasteries, which made Qibao temple have a certain scale in the north of Puhuitang in the early Song Dynasty.

It was named after the temple

Qibao town gets its name from the temple

According to the historical materials, "the town has no old name, but the Yuansi got its name. The temple has no other weight, because the town has promoted it." After Zhang zeshe built the temple in his house, the emperor of song Dazhong Xiangfu first year (1008 AD) granted the title of "qibaojiao Temple", thus Qibao town was officially named.

At that time, the "qibaojiao Temple" was known as "the first temple in the east of the county". It covers an area of 60 mu, and the Temple River is 6 mu. The whole temple is surrounded by green water, red walls and tiles, morning bells and evening drums, and cigarettes. The scenery is very beautiful. It has attracted people from a hundred Li radius to qibaojiao temple to offer incense. From here, pilgrims, scholars and refined scholars burn incense, worship Buddha, recite poems and draw pictures, which makes qibaojiao Temple prosperous and popular.

At that time, Qibao town was "a huge town with numerous residents, parallel merchants, a large number of literati and Confucians." The area on both sides of Puhuitang is named "Qibao town" because of "Qibao Temple".

In fact, many famous market towns and cities in Chinese history are closely related to religion, such as Nanxiang, Longhua, fahua and Zhenru, all of which are named after temples. From these aspects, urban development and religion in ancient China complement each other to a certain extent. Some experts who study this issue point out that urban planning is influenced by religion and economy at the initial stage. The same is true of the formation of Qibao town.

Surrounding accommodation

Legend of seven treasures

Lu Ji and Lu Yun, the famous writers of Jin Dynasty, are called "two Lu in the cloud". Lu's descendants once built a ancestral temple in Lu Baoshan on the Bank of Wusong River. In the Five Dynasties, Qian Liu, the king of Wu and Yue, toured the nunnery and granted a Golden Lotus Sutra saying, "this is a treasure." It was renamed Qibao temple. The Houjiang river is located in the north of Puhuitang. In the early Song Dynasty, Zhang zeshe, a native of qibaoli, built a temple. In the first year of dazhongxiangfu (1008 AD), Emperor Zhenzong of the Song Dynasty granted the temple "qibaojiao Temple". Zhiyun: "the town has no old name, because the temple got its name, the temple does not have its weight, because the town promotes weight."

The history of Qibao has lasted for thousands of years. However, there is a popular saying of "seven treasures" among the people: Flying Buddha, bell, Lotus Sutra, sacred tree, golden rooster, Jade axe and jade chopsticks.

Feilai Buddha is actually the Tathagata iron Buddha of Nanjiao temple. It is said that it came from the sky. It was actually raised by Xu pan, a native of Wanli County in the Ming Dynasty. Huilai bell is the abbot of Qibao temple in Yongle of the Ming Dynasty. It is said that it came from the river. gold

Chinese PinYin : Shang Hai Shi Shi Xia Qu Min Hang Qu Qi Bao Zhen