Sifangshan farm, Zhaodong City, Suihua City, Heilongjiang Province

Sifangshan farm

Sifangshan farm is located in the southwest of Heilongjiang Province and the hinterland of Songnen Plain. Located between Zhaodong city and Lanxi County of Heilongjiang Province, the administrative region belongs to Zhaodong city. The station is 30 kilometers northwest of Zhaodong city and 15 kilometers east of song station of Binzhou railway. The farm belongs to the army to civilian.

brief introduction

geographical position

Sifangshan farm is located in the southwest of Heilongjiang Province and the hinterland of Songnen Plain. Located between Zhaodong city and Lanxi County of Heilongjiang Province, the administrative region belongs to Zhaodong city. The station is 30 kilometers northwest of Zhaodong city and 15 kilometers east of song station of Binzhou railway. It borders Shangjia town and Xuanhua township of Zhaodong city in the south, North and West, and Lanxi County in the East. The geographical coordinates are 125 ° 45 ′ - 126 ° 30 ′ E and 46 ° 12 ′ - 46 ° 22 ′ n. Sifangshan farm has a total land area of 182000 mu, including 71300 mu of cultivated land, 23100 mu of forest land, 78000 mu of grassland, and 9600 mu of villages and other areas.

Animal husbandry resources

Sifangshan farm is rich in grassland resources, diverse vegetation types and various grass species, especially Leymus chinensis, with good quality, rich nutrition and strong palatability for livestock. In the 1980s, after the army horse production gradually reduced and withdrew from the historical stage, Sifangshan army horse farm made full use of the vast grassland resources and vigorously developed the forage industry. From 1986 to 1992, a total of 56000 tons of forage were harvested in seven years, of which 18000 tons were exported to Japan, earning US $1.62 million in foreign exchange, 38000 tons were sold at home, and the sales profit was 1.978 million yuan.

Flood problems

Sifangshan farm is located in Songnen Plain of Heilongjiang Province, with flat terrain, altitude between 139m and 148m. The terrain is high in the East and low in the west, high in the north and low in the south. The maximum elevation difference between East and West is 9.5m, and the terrain slope is less than 2 / 1000. The landform type is Songnen impact plain. In the 53 years since the establishment of the farm, Sifangshan farm has suffered many floods, and the construction of irrigation and water conservancy has become the main task of the farm. After nearly 10 years of efforts, the water conservancy construction of the whole field has begun to take shape. In 2005, 6.34 million yuan was invested in water conservancy, and the farmland water conservancy supporting projects were basically completed, but still can not meet the needs of agricultural production. At present, it is still an urgent task for Sifangshan farm to completely eradicate the flood and turn the flood into water conservancy. The main soil types of Sifangshan farm are: carbonate meadow soil, carbonate chernozem and meadow alkaline soil. Among them, carbonate meadow soil accounted for 99.2%, carbonate chernozem accounted for 0.6%, meadow alkaline soil accounted for 0.2%. In the region, the proportion of black soil is relatively large. The thickness of black soil is generally between 20-30cm, the pH value is between 7.5-8.2, and the content of organic matter is about 3%, which is slightly alkaline. It is suitable for the growth of crops and alkali grass. the natural climate of Sifangshan farm belongs to the continental monsoon climate in the middle temperate zone. It is windy in spring and prone to drought; it is hot in summer and rainy and waterlogged; it is cold and cool in autumn with occasional early frost; it is windy and cold in Northwest in winter. The annual average temperature is 2.4 ° C, the maximum temperature is 39 ° C, the minimum temperature is - 37.5 ° C, the annual effective accumulated temperature is between 2500 ° C and 2700 ° C, the frost free period is 125-140 days, and the annual sunshine is 2738 hours. The annual average rainfall is 396 mm, and most of them are from July to August, accounting for more than 60% of the annual rainfall. The annual evaporation is 1662 mm, which is four times of the normal annual rainfall. The wind direction is mostly southwest and northwest, and the annual wind speed is more than or equal to 4m / s for 145 days. Due to the strong wind and less rain in spring, the region is known as "nine Spring Droughts in ten years".

Historical evolution

History of the start up Army

In the spring of 1952, Sifangshan farm was built by Zhaodong military horse farm of the Chinese people's Liberation Army (the horse Administration Bureau of the artillery command of the Chinese people's Liberation Army was changed into the General Logistics Department, which was the second army horse farm of the artillery of the Chinese people's Liberation Army before). It was officially established on November 5, 1952. The farm was named "Zhaodong farm of the Dongbei military region". In February 1954, it was also named as the agricultural branch of Zhaodong military horse farm Zhaodong military horse farm leader. In March 1955, the horse Administration Bureau of the Northeast military region was abolished. On July 1, 1955, the farm was separated from the Zhaodong military horse farm and named "Sifangshan army horse farm of the Chinese people's Liberation Army", which was under the leadership of the horse Administration Bureau of the General Logistics Department of the Chinese people's Liberation Army. On March 1, 1957, the military Horse Farm Management Bureau of the former General Logistics Department was reorganized into the state-owned Ranch Management Bureau of the Ministry of agriculture and reclamation, and Sifangshan military horse farm was under the leadership of the state-owned Ranch Management Bureau of the Ministry of agriculture and reclamation (changed to the breeding and livestock farm Management Bureau of the Ministry of agriculture and reclamation in January 1958, and cancelled in October of the same year), and the farm name was changed to "state-owned Sifangshan Ranch". From the end of 1958 to 1960, the state-owned Sifangshan ranch was transferred from the Ministry of agriculture and reclamation to the animal husbandry department of Heilongjiang Province, then to the animal husbandry bureau of Suihua region of Heilongjiang Province, and then to the Agricultural Bureau of Harbin city of Heilongjiang Province. On June 8, 1961, the State Council approved with document No. 98 of guokenyangzi that all the military horse farms which had been decentralized to all provinces (autonomous regions) in the past were recovered, and the five military horse farms directly led by the Ministry of agriculture and reclamation were jointly operated and managed by the General Logistics Department of the PLA and the Ministry of agriculture and reclamation. In October 1961, the state-owned Sifangshan ranch resumed its name of "Sifangshan military horse farm of the Chinese people's Liberation Army", which was successively under the management of the enterprise department of the General Logistics Department, the military horse Administration Bureau of the general rear office and the military horse Administration Bureau of the Baicheng Office of the general rear office. On October 21, 1975, the Baicheng Office of the General Logistics Department was cancelled according to the requirements of the reorganization plan of the army horse farm of the General Logistics Department. In February 1976, Sifangshan military horse farm was handed over to the production management department of Logistics Department of Shenyang Military Region and Shenhou Factory Management Bureau. With the reorganization of military horse farm organs, the subordinate relationship was successively changed to the management of Shenhou Quartermaster production department, Shenhou Factory Management Bureau, Shenhou production management department and Shenyang Military Region Joint Logistics Department.

Transfer place

According to the Central Military Commission's No. 50 "reply on the transfer of some farms to local authorities", on September 14, 2001, the Sifangshan horse farm of the Chinese people's Liberation Army was transferred to Harbin branch of Heilongjiang General Bureau of agricultural reclamation and renamed "Sifangshan farm of Heilongjiang Province". the population of Sifangshan farm is composed of demobilized soldiers, youth supporting border areas, immigrants, urban educated youth, graduates of colleges and technical secondary schools, etc. At the beginning of the construction, there were only 30 people. With the continuous development of production, the number of employees reached 988 in 1958 and 2900 in 1961. By 1977, the total population was 3 273, and by 1988, the total number of employees was 1 317. Due to the flood disasters in 1996 and 1998 and historical reasons, the population decreased sharply.

Ups and downs

Restructuring structure

In January 2000, a large number of workers and enterprises to terminate labor relations, and moved to other places to find a way out of life. By 2001, when junmachang was handed over to Harbin Agricultural Reclamation Bureau, the total population was 2203, with 536 employees. After the transfer of reclamation area, the farm has developed, and the population has also increased. By the end of 2005, the total population is 2344, including 55 ethnic minorities, mainly including Mongolian, Manchu, Korean, Zhuang and Miao, with 534 employees. Since the establishment of Sifangshan farm 53 years ago, with the development and needs of national defense and socialist construction, the economic system, management structure and management have been constantly reformed and adjusted.

Military, horse and civilian

At the beginning of its establishment in 1952, Sifangshan farm's main tasks were to open up wasteland, cultivate land, and mow grass, so as to ensure the supply of concentrate and roughage for Zhaodong military horse farm, and to supply part of forage for Mudanjiang first army horse farm and Zhalantun third army horse farm. In order to develop military horses and meet the military equipment demand, in the spring of 1954, the first batch of 300 Mongolian horses were transferred to the farm, and the initial breeding production of military horses began. After returning to the army in October 1961, according to the development policy of "focusing on military horses, combining agriculture with animal husbandry and diversified management", the production of military horses developed rapidly. In 1971, the total number of horses and mules on hand reached 2120, and the number of basic mares was 641. After being assigned to Shenyang Military Region in 1976, there were 2234 military horses and mules in stock in 1981. According to statistics, from 1967 to 1990, the Sifangshan army horse farm supplied 2274 army horses and mules for the army and 6364 civilian horses for the army, which made due contributions to ensuring the equipment of the army and supporting the socialist construction. Since the 1980s, the demand for military horses has been decreasing year by year, and the stallions and basic mares in Sifangshan military horse farm have been adjusted and compressed year by year. By 1990, there were only 63 horses and mules in stock and 28 basic mares. They no longer undertook the task of military horses, ending more than 30 years of military horse production history.

Developing animal husbandry

Other animal husbandry in Sifangshan farm mainly include raising pigs, cattle, sheep, rabbits, chickens, deer and raccoon dogs. In March 1957, after Sifangshan military horse farm was put under the central Ministry of agriculture and reclamation, according to the instruction of Vice Minister Jiang of the Ministry of agriculture and reclamation that Sifangshan farm should mainly raise pigs, the pig industry developed rapidly. In 1959, 2698 pigs were raised, 1780 were sold and 918 were on hand. The survival rate of piglets was 91.5%. During this period, in addition to raising horses and pigs, in 1960, 330 cows, 296 yellow cattle, 354 sheep, 2597 rabbits, 7447 chickens, 615 ducks and 57 boxes of bees were developed. After it was taken back by the army in October 1961, in order to make way for the army horse breeding, some other livestock breeding were cut off, and some reduced the number of breeding since 1962. In 1973, a deer farm was set up in the third team. In 1992, there were 439 deer in stock

Chinese PinYin : Hei Long Jiang Sheng Sui Hua Shi Zhao Dong Shi Si Fang Shan Nong Chang