Shimen Township, Weining County, Guizhou Province

Shimen Township

Shimen township is located in the northwest of Weining Yi Hui Miao Autonomous County, Bijie City, Guizhou Province, 140 km away from the county. In the East, it borders on Yungui and Longjie townships, in the south, it borders on Heitu River, in the west, it borders Zhaoyang District of Zhaotong City, and in the north, it borders xiongjiagou and Luoze River in Yiliang County. With a total area of 140.59 square kilometers, the township governs 14 administrative villages and 87 villager groups.

Brief introduction of villages and towns

Shimen township is located in the northwest of Weining County, 140 kilometers away from the county. With a total area of 140.59 square kilometers, the township governs 14 administrative villages and 87 villager groups. The terrain in the township is high in the southwest and low in the northeast. The highest altitude of "baidaoling" is 2762 meters high, and the lowest altitude of "xiongjiagou bridge" is 1218 meters high. The annual rainfall is more than 1500 mm, the sunshine hours are about 2000 hours, and the average temperature is 19.4 OC.

There are 6 ethnic groups in the township, including Han, Miao, Yi, Hui, Buyi and Caijia, with a total of 16167 people in 3702 households. Among them, there are 4278 ethnic minorities in 979 households, accounting for 26.5% of the total population of the township. There are about 10876 people in the township, and more than 3500 people go out to work.

Name and origin

Because the Township People's government has a natural stone gate.

geographical position

It is located in the north of Weining Yi and Hui Autonomous Mian, bordering on Yungui Township and Longjie town in the East, heituhe Township in the south, Xiaolongdong Township in Zhaoyang District, Zhaotong City, Yunnan Province in the west, Maoping Township in Yiliang County, Zhaotong City, Yunnan Province in the north, and Longjie Township in Yiliang County, Zhaotong City, Yunnan Province across Luoze River in the northeast. The people's government is located in Ronghe village, the telephone area code is 0857, the postcode is 553108, 64.49 kilometers away from the county.

Evolution of administrative districts

During the period of the Republic of China, it belonged to the first, second and third guarantees of Yunlu township.

In March 1953, four townships, Shimen, nugu, Yunlu and yeyi, were set up.

In August 1958, the four townships were merged into management areas, and then divided into three townships: Yunlu, nugu and Shimen.

In January 1962, Yunlu Township and yeyi Township were called communes.

In January 1963, the cloud furnace separated.

In June 1984, it was called Township, belonging to reclaimed water area.

In 1992, nugu Township, Yunlu Township and Shimen Township in Zhongshui District merged to establish Shimen township.

administrative division

As of June 2020, it has 2 residents committees and 10 village committees.

industrial structure

The planting industry is mainly corn, potato and soybean, with an annual planting area of nearly 40000 mu. There are abundant resources of traditional Chinese medicine, such as wild Gastrodia elata, Pinellia ternata, Panax notoginseng, hongdoubin and so on. The livestock and poultry industry mainly includes pigs, chickens, cattle, sheep and so on. There are more than 3700 large livestock, more than 5800 pigs and more than 9800 goats in the annual stock market. The development potential of animal husbandry is great. There are also abundant coal and lead-zinc mineral resources. Anthracite is widely distributed in the area, with a coal belt of about 18 kilometers long. There are 2 coal enterprises under construction and 8 lead-zinc mining enterprises.

Human history

Shimen township is also a famous ethnic tourism and cultural Township, with provincial cultural relics Guanghua School site. As early as 1905, British missionary bergley and others went to Shimenkan, Shimen township to preach and run a school. They founded the education system of Guanghua School and set up branch schools in more than 20 counties around Shimen township. They have trained thousands of primary school graduates, junior high school graduates, junior high school graduates and technical secondary school graduates, more than 50 college students, two doctors and one master. Among the students from Guanghua School, there are more than 50 cadres at the county level and 2 cadres at the provincial level. Shimenkan's cultural and educational undertakings are increasingly prosperous and brilliant. Here, bergri created the Miao language, ending the history of the Miao language without mother tongue; founded the first Miao primary school in Wumeng Mountain; built the first middle school in Weining County; cultivated the first doctor of Miao nationality; initiated and practiced bilingual education in China; pioneered the modern coeducation in China; founded the earliest leprosy hospital in Wumeng Mountain; established the first Miao hospital in China; and founded Wumeng Mountain The first western medicine hospital in Wumeng district; the first place to receive smallpox vaccine to prevent smallpox in Wumeng Mountain area. Because of this, Shimenkan has become "the highest cultural area of the Miao people in Southwest China" and "the cultural renaissance place of the Miao people in Southwest China", which is famous both at home and abroad. Even foreign direct mail "Shimenkan in China" can be received.

Economic situation

In 2010, the fiscal revenue was 7.2 million yuan, including 448000 yuan for flue-cured tobacco and 2018 yuan for per capita disposable income of farmers. The main food crops are corn and potato, with the output of 1548 tons and 5476 tons respectively, and the output value is 3.1 million yuan and 5 million yuan respectively; the main economic crops are flue-cured tobacco, with the output of 10200 Dan and the output value of 7.22 million yuan; walnut and chestnut are mainly planted through the fruit forest; the forest area is 96000 mu, and the animal husbandry mainly includes cattle, horses, goats and pigs, There are 12920 pigs, 9400 sheep and 23200 chickens.

folk culture

Toast etiquette of Miao Nationality

Miao people are hospitable and hospitable. When they marry or send off their guests on grand festivals, they should use Sumen antelope horn (or ordinary sheep horn) to pour wine and offer sacrifices, first to the guests and elders, and then to those present from left to right.

Miao people have different requirements and a set of standard traditional actions in different occasions. Generally, the toaster holds the mouth of the horn filled with wine in his left hand and the tip of the horn in his right hand. He chooses the left body posture of squatting slightly, and slowly presents the horn filled with wine to the elder from bottom to top. The elderly drink the triangle wine with the above posture, and then toast down in turn. On the occasion of marriage, three people are required to propose a toast, one is to light a torch, one is to pour wine, and the other is to offer wine. According to the relatives and seniority of the host family, the guest company arranges the uncle and the elder to be seated directly above the main hall in turn, and starts to toast from the uncle. When toasting, the guest company sings a toast song or explains the meaning of the toast. At the same time, the guest company turns it one or three times anticlockwise and presents it to the host. After receiving the wine, the uncle returns to the igniter, the drinker and the toaster, and then turns it clockwise from the distinguished guests sitting around the stove After that, they can drink it by themselves; after returning to the igniter, pouring wine, and toasting, they can take themselves as the center and turn around to three people, then drink it by themselves. The toasts then toast down in turn, and those who are returned and toasted can only accept it, but can not refuse it, because this is the grand salute of Miao people's toasting. On the occasion of sacrifice, the first horn of the wine must be poured to the right (to show respect for ancestors), and then to the left (to show respect for gods) before it can be drunk in one gulp, or the wine can be returned or turned to the elder after worshiping ancestors and gods; second, the triangle wine can be drunk in one gulp or turned to other people. If you are refused, you must do everything possible to sing or explain the reason for the toast, or repeat it for several times until the toast is received by the worshipped. At the same time, the worshipped can respond in the above way. The more circles you turn when toasting, the more sincere your heart will be. Both sides can reciprocate. The grand festival welcome wine is the highest toast etiquette of Miao nationality, which is generally composed of the ceremonial team wearing festival costumes. When the VIP arrives, Lusheng team blows a cheerful Lusheng dance, ritual song team sings a toast song, the toast team offers a triangle wine, and the VIP can pass through the middle of the welcome team after drinking.

The meaning of welcome wine

In the custom of Miao nationality, welcome wine can only be drunk by oneself, but can't be exchanged. The triangle expression means: first, you are welcome to come, all the way hard, for you to accept the wind and wash the dust; second, your arrival is our blessing, bring us good luck, so that we have a bumper harvest, six animals flourish; third, meet is fate, I wish you good health, family happiness, all the best.

Miao nationality is one of the ancient nationalities in China. It not only has a long history, but also has rich and colorful culture. Its history, culture, art, etiquette and customs are memorable.

Honors

On July 29, 2020, it was named as the National Health township (county) of 2017-2019 cycle by the National Patriotic Health Campaign Committee.

Chinese PinYin : Gui Zhou Sheng Wei Ning Xian Shi Men Xiang