Bing'an Town, Chishui City, Zunyi City, Guizhou Province

Ancient town of bing'an

Bing'an ancient town is located in the central and southern part of Chishui City, bordering on Hushi town in the East, Lianghekou Township in the south, Fuxing town in the west, Wanglong town in the north, Chishui River in the north and Xichi highway in the East and West. It is the only way for Chishui to connect all parts of Central Guizhou. It is a famous historical and cultural village in China and a famous historical and cultural town in Guizhou Province. It is listed as one of the 100 classic red tourism destinations in China. Bing'an scenic spot, centered on bing'an ancient town, is one of the eight major scenic spots in Chishui.

Since ancient times, bing'an ancient town has been a famous post station and commodity distribution center for Sichuan salt to Guizhou. It has been praised as "living fossil of architecture and history of Ming and Qing Dynasties" by experts and scholars, and has the reputation of "ancient castle of military and commercial for thousands of years".

Historical evolution

Bingan was called Bingtan in ancient times. It's named Bingtan because it's located in the middle reaches of Chishui River. As early as the Shang and Yin dynasties, there were traces of ancient people fishing and hunting here. The large-scale ancient cliff tombs of the Eastern Han Dynasty in Ma'anshan, 10 kilometers away from bing'an ancient town.

In the 29th year of Wanli in the Ming Dynasty (1601), after the imperial government implemented the policy of "changing the land to flow", Bingtan farm established an administrative division for the first time, which was the first grade A of Hexi Li under the county administration. Bingtanchang, a place name, was first seen in historical records.

Since the large-scale harnessing of the Chishui River in the Qianlong period of the Qing Dynasty, bing'an has become the most prosperous water and land terminal for shipping on the Chishui River. It is a night berth for salt ships and merchants in Southwest China's Yunnan, Sichuan and Guizhou provinces. At that time, there were many wine shops and wine roasting shops along the coast, and merchants were like clouds.

In January 1935, when the Red Army crossed the Chishui River four times, the second division and division headquarters of the first Red Army set up camp in bing'an to ensure that the Red Army crossed the Chishui River smoothly and achieved a strategic victory.

In 2005, the national development and Reform Commission, the Propaganda Department of the CPC Central Committee, the National Tourism Administration and other 13 ministries and commissions approved bing'an as a national classic of red tourism and included it in the National Red Tourism boutique line. The memorial hall of the first Red Army has become the only Memorial Hall of the first Red Army in China.

In 2006, it was named as a provincial historical and cultural town by Guizhou Provincial People's government.

In 2008, the Ministry of housing and urban rural development of the people's Republic of China and the State Administration of cultural relics named it a famous historical and cultural village in China.

geographical environment

Location context

Bing'an village is located in the central and southern part of Chishui City, bordering Hushi town in the East, Lianghekou village in the south, Fuxing town in the West and Wanglong town in the north. The village governs three small villages and one community. The area of bing'an village is 134.2 square kilometers, covering an area of 8018.64 mu. The longitude of bing'an village is 105 ° 47 ′ - 105 ° 55 ′, and the latitude is 28 ° 21 ′ - 28 ° 31 ′.

climate

The climate of bing'an village belongs to subtropical humid monsoon climate, with obvious characteristics of continental monsoon climate. It is hot in summer and warm in winter. In summer, there is more summer drought, and in early summer and late autumn, there is more overcast rain and severe humidity. This area has three-dimensional climate and obvious regional differences. The annual average temperature is 18.1 ℃, the highest temperature is 42 ℃, the lowest temperature is - 2 ℃, and the total accumulated temperature is 6606.5 ℃. The average annual precipitation is 1286.3 mm and the average annual sunshine is 1297.7 hours. Sunshine is long in Zhongshan area, but less in mountain forest and gorge area. In the forest area, the air humidity is high, and the average annual air temperature is about 83%. In a year, the highest air temperature is 91% in October, and the lowest is about 69% in June. The frost free period is long, 300-340 days / year, and the frost period is generally about 15 days.

topographic features

Bing'an is located in the central and southern part of Chishui City, with the characteristics of sedimentary Lake Basin -- Ranae lazuli. The strata are red, purple mudstone, silty shale and sandstone deposited in fluvial and lacustrine facies. The geographical coordinates of bing'an are 105 ° 47 '- 105 ° 55 and 28 ° 21' - 28 ° 31'n. Chishui River and Xi Chi highway pass through the territory from east to west. The landform is a valley, two beams, six valleys of high mountains.

soil

The parent materials of soil formation in bing'an are mainly Jurassic or Cretaceous, purple system and purple mudstone. The physical weathering speed of rock group is fast. The soil formed by scouring is mainly residual parent material, slope parent material and alluvial parent material. The top and waist of the slope are illusory soil with the development of residual parent material. The soil layer is shallow and the degree of maturity is low. The alluvial parent material is sporadically distributed on the first terrace of the valley. The soil is mostly neutral and slightly acidic. The proportion of sandy soil is large, the quality of colloid is poor, and the buffering capacity is small. The content of soil organic matter in cultivated land is generally low, especially in dry land, but it is higher in high altitude area than in low altitude area.

natural resources

land resource

As of 2014, bing'an village has an area of 134.2 square kilometers, covering an area of 8018.64 mu, a forest area of 164010 mu, and a forest coverage rate of 81.56%. Phyllostachys pubescens forest is 50569 mu, and miscellaneous bamboos are distributed in the valley area of more than 20000 mu below 500 meters above sea level. It has become one of the raw material bases of Chishui pulp mill with an annual output of 200000 tons.

Biological resources

As of 2014, the plants in bing'an mainly include woody plants and gramineous plants, with 382 species of seed plants belonging to 216 genera and 80 families. Among them, there are two national first-class protected plants: Alsophila spinulosa and Metasequoia glyptostroboides; six national second-class protected plants: Ginkgo biloba, Eucommia ulmoides, Fokienia hodginsii, Liriodendron chinense, Bauhinia chinensis and litchi; fourteen national third-class protected plants: Zhennan, Huangbai, Banfenghe, Huanglian, Hongchun, suihuashan, longan, honghualian, Taxus chinensis, nanmu, Tianma, Illicium verum, fanfern; in addition, chishuishu and xiaohuanghua camellia Protected plants at the provincial level. There are 141 kinds of animals, and many rare animals, such as clouded leopard, rock eagle, Zhangzi, flying tiger, maoguanlu, Guizhou small head snake, etc.

Main attractions

Cliff inscriptions

Located in ganziwan, Zheng'an formation, bing'an village, Ping'an Township, Huiji County, Moyan stone carving was carved during the period of the Republic of China, covering an area of about 2.4 meters. It is made of bluestone and carved on a big rock 4 meters above the ground. The monument is 2.4 meters high and 1 meter wide. In the middle of the monument, there are four running script characters of "benefit to the neighbors", with the width of 0.45 meters and the length of 0.55 meters. It is an inscription made by Baoshen, Shangshi and Shushu in 1912 to show Wang Yu's great contribution to the neighbors.

Ancient gate of bing'an Village

The ancient village gate of bing'an village is divided into Donghua gate and Taiping gate, which are respectively located at the East and West ends of Gujing community of bing'an township. It was built in the Qing Dynasty, covering an area of 25 square meters. It is an arched stone gate. Donghua gate is 3.1 meters high, 2.2 meters wide and 1.2 meters thick. Two wooden doors are used to close the gate. The single wooden door is 1.2 meters wide. The Taiping gate is 2.4 meters high, 2.3 meters wide and 1.5 meters thick. On the west side of the gate, there is a stone ladder with a total length of 63 meters. Each ladder is 1.7 meters long, 0.3 meters wide and 0.15 meters high. On the right side, there is a stone barrier with a height of 0.7 meters, which extends downward to the ancient Wharf in a ladder shape.

Shuanglong Bridge

Shuanglong Bridge is located at the mouth of Chishui River, a channel of Zheng'an formation in bing'an village, bing'an township. It was built in Qing Dynasty and covers an area of about 120 square meters. Shuanglong Bridge is 368 meters long and 1.7 meters wide, with a height of 3.2 meters from the water surface to the bridge deck. There are nine piers in the river with a width of 3 meters. The bridge deck is divided into nine sections. Each section is paved with 4 meters long, 0.85 meters wide and 0.5 meters thick strips of stone. Two female and male dragons are chiseled in the middle of the two piers. The head is 1.1 meters higher than the bridge deck Minyue is in the shape of a lion, which was abandoned in the river during the cultural revolution. The bridge at both ends is 14.4 meters long, and the bridge at the east end is 3 meters long.

Memorial Hall of the first Red Army

Located in bing'an ancient town, bing'an Township, Chishui City, the exhibition hall of the first Red Army Corps of bing'an is close to Chixi highway and 25 kilometers away from Shizhong District of Chishui City. It is one of the classic red tourism scenic spots in China.

After the Zunyi Meeting in January 1935, the Central Military Commission made the decision to cross the Yangtze River between Luxian county and Yibin County in Sichuan Province to resist Japan. On January 24, the first Red Army entered Chishui County, occupied the ape farm on January 25, and then attacked Chishui County in two ways. Under the leadership of Li Jukui and Huang Su, the first division of Red Army marched along the right bank road of Chishui River to guhu and Wanglong; under the leadership of Chen Guang and Liu Yalou, the second division of Red Army marched from bizhaodu river about 5 kilometers downstream of ape farm to bing'an and Fuxing farm. After the red division occupied bing'an, it set up the division headquarters in bing'an. On the 26th, Lin Biao led the headquarters of the first Red Army into bing'an and set up the headquarters in the residence of a landlord surnamed Wang. In the early morning of the 27th, the 2nd division of the red army launched a battle. Due to the continuous reinforcement of Sichuan army, the red division retreated to bing'an. On the same day, according to Zhu De's order that "the first Legion department and the second division will gather in the ape area and prepare to fight on the 28th", the first Legion department and the second division of the red army withdrew to YuanHou and camped in YuanHou that night.

After liberation, in the land reform, the landlord's residence was put under the management of the government. In March 2005, the former site of the headquarters of the first Red Army in bing'an was listed as one of the classic red tourism scenic spots in China and one of the 30 excellent red tourism routes in China. In May 2006, Chishui municipal government turned the former site of the headquarters of the first Red Army into a memorial hall of the first Red Army in bing'an for tourists to visit. In October 2008, with the approval of the provincial people's government, the "Memorial Hall of the first bing'an Red Army" was renamed "exhibition hall of the first bing'an Red Army".

Dock site

Located in Gujing community of bing'an Township, bing'an ancient wharf site was formed in the late Ming Dynasty and early Qing Dynasty, covering an area of about 600 square meters. The ancient dock has a stone ladder with a total length of 63 meters, which is built due to the mountains. It is 2.5 meters to 1 meter wide, winding up to the ancient town. The connecting part between the stone ladder and the ancient wharf is fan

Chinese PinYin : Gui Zhou Sheng Zun Yi Shi Chi Shui Shi Bing An Zhen