Xinshan Lisu Township, Miyi County, Panzhihua City, Sichuan Province

Lisu nationality township in Xinshan

Xinshan Lisu Township in Miyi County is located at the foot of longgou mountain, one of the first batch of ethnic cultural and ecological protection areas in Sichuan Province. It is one of the places where Lisu are concentrated in Sichuan Province, and the only Lisu settlement in Miyi County, Panzhihua City.

On July 29, 2020, the National Patriotic Health Association decided to name Xinshan Lisu township as a national health township for the period of 2017-2019.

Brief introduction of villages and towns

The township covers an area of 70.28 square kilometers, with 4 administrative villages, 42 cooperatives and a total population of 6873 (2017). Lisu People living here have inherited the colorful national culture of Lisu People from generation to generation. The primitive and simple folk customs have been inherited to this day, which has bred unique human customs and tourism resources for Miyi.

Folk customs

Marriage customs

The Lisu People in Xinshan do not intermarry with the outside world, so they still keep the primitive marriage customs. Their marriage custom is generally like this: the man's family asks the matchmaker to go to the woman's home to talk about the matchmaker, if the woman agrees. Take three Jin order wine again to the woman's home; the third time both men and women in the woman's home to discuss the wedding time and gifts. On the first day of the wedding, we slaughtered pigs and sheep at the man's house to prepare for the wedding banquet the next day. Carry the meat, wine, rice and other gifts to the woman's home.

The next day, after breakfast, the man's house invited eight men and eight women to the woman's house. Among the eight men, two were matchmakers, one was the best man, and the other was responsible for blowing gourd Sheng. Among the women, one was the bridesmaid. After receiving the bride to the man's house, the two matchmakers, the best man and the bridesmaids dance "unity dance" under the guidance of the people who blow the hulusheng. Then a lively wedding banquet began. In addition to the relatives and friends of both men and women, the whole village will attend the wedding banquet. After the wedding banquet, everyone danced around the campfire, and Li Ming didn't leave until the next day.

Food and housing

Before liberation, the Lisu People in Xinshan lived a life of hunting and gathering as their main food source. After liberation, with the strong support of the party and the government, the intelligent Lisu People began to plant rice, corn and potatoes, built terraces along the mountain slopes, ate white rice and bid farewell to the days of starvation. At the same time, they also develop animal husbandry, raise pigs, chickens and sheep, and solve the problem of eating meat, but they still keep the habit of distributing food equally.

The houses of the Lisu People in Xinshan are built in accordance with the mountains. They are made of local materials and mainly of bamboo and wood structures. First, an open space was formed on the slope, and then twenty or thirty wooden piles were erected around the open space. The wooden piles were woven with bamboo and pasted with mud mixed with soil and dung. The roof was connected with wooden boards, the back cover was covered with thatch, and a large fire pool was set in the middle of the house.

Because this kind of house has many wooden piles and bamboo inserted into the ground, it is called "thousand feet landing". In recent years, the party and the government have launched the "shelter project" and the renovation project of cross slab houses, and built a large number of tile roofed houses with civil structure for the Lisu People. This kind of "thousand feet landing" houses with Lisu characteristics are disappearing.

The inheritor of Lisu culture

"Lepan" is equivalent to a wizard of the Han nationality. He plays a sheepskin drum, recites scriptures and incantations, exorcizes evil spirits, cures diseases, protects the security, prays for a bumper harvest of grain and prosperity of six animals. "Bipan" is equivalent to Duangong and ShenHan of Han nationality. It mainly opens the way for the dead to be buried. It tells the story of where Lisu People came from, how to fight with nature, how to live and how to set foot on the road to heaven in the form of rap. There is another kind of female Duangong called "Bima", which mainly cooperates with "bipan" to bury the dead and make way for them. During the rap of "bipan", she retells the words of "bipan".

"Lepan" and "bipan" are both the inheritors of Lisu national culture. Most of their sons inherit their father's career, oral and heart to heart. They tell the same story and read the same scriptures from generation to generation. Their contents are all major events that Lisu people encounter in the process of survival and development. How to behave, how to avoid taboos, how to fight against the will of heaven, and how to fight against nature How to achieve a happy tomorrow and so on. Because Lisu had no characters before (the existing characters were created on the basis of Latin alphabet in 1957 under the concern of the party and the government), the singing of lepan and bipan has very important value in literature, history, religion, sociology, anthropology and other disciplines, and is an important material for the study of Lisu.

Unique natural calendar

The intelligent Lisu People in Xinshan have created their own unique calendar in their long-term close and harmonious life with nature. This kind of calendar completely determines the month by the natural change, therefore, is called the natural calendar. They divided the year into ten months: flower blooming month, bird singing month, mountain burning month, hunger month, gathering month, harvest month, wine boiling month, hunting month, new year's month and house building month. It fully shows that Lisu is a nation close to nature.

Special songs and dances

The Lisu People in Xinshan are good at singing and dancing. They should sing and dance to their heart's content when they get married, hunt, build houses, harvest and all kinds of festivals. In the long-term practice of life and production, they have created a large number of songs and dances with national characteristics. The songs are divided into more than ten tunes, such as production tune, house building tune, harvest tune, marriage escape tune, toast tune and love song tune. Some are high spirited, some are low sentimental, some are melodious and graceful, and some are bright and unrestrained.

In particular, the toast song is the most characteristic. At the banquet of welcoming guests, they perform impromptu songs to wish the guests good health, all the best and happiness. They use all kinds of beautiful words to praise the happy life and a better future, and wish the friendship will last forever. And love songs are the most infectious. Most of their love songs are improvised. Scenery produces feelings. They express their meaning with a lot of metaphors and parallelism. They are lively and full of interest. The dance of the Lisu nationality in Xinshan is vigorous, lively and fast-paced. Generally, they dance happily with one or several Lusheng accompaniments.

There are also unaccompanied dances, which rely on the collision of heels to master the rhythm. They are known to have 72 kinds of dances, mainly including "wamuzi" (unity dance), "catch turtledove", "foot to foot dance", "Haoyang dance", "beizhaba", "dimazi" and "chuizi". They are a treasure house of national dances.

Dress ceremony for girls

At the age of 13 to 14, the Lisu girls in Xinshan have to hold a grand dress ceremony to acknowledge that they have entered adulthood and gained the right to socialize. When the ceremony is held, an auspicious day should be chosen and presided over by the oldest woman in the family. In the morning when the dress ceremony is held, the girl should first salute her parents and grandparents. Then, the girl's mother will put on the dress made by her novice and sing aloud: "daughter, today is your free day. When you grow up, you can fly like a bird." At this point, an adult girl declared to enter the society.

After the dress ceremony, the girl can wear all kinds of decorations, and the most important thing is to participate in all kinds of social activities. The whole family knows that she is an adult and should respect her and welcome her to all kinds of social activities. Especially in all kinds of new year's festival activities, the girl who has held the dress ceremony can jump, sing and fall in love with other young men and women.

Welcome and see off guests

Wine is a must for the Lisu People in Xinshan to receive guests. Welcome the guests and send them off with three courses of wine. When the guests arrive, the host stands at liuwai and sings a toast song to welcome the guests from afar, and offers a cup or a bowl of wine to show the warm welcome. This is a wine; when the guests enter the door, the host sings a toast song to wish the guests happiness and health, and offers a cup or a bowl of wine to show the blessing for the second wine; when the guests are seated, the host speaks aloud again Sing a toast song, I wish the guests a happy life, good luck, express the best wishes for the three wine. Guests must drink these three drinks before they can talk with the host slowly and drink and eat at will.

Guests must also drink three drinks when they leave. When the guest gets up, the host will sing a toast song to wish the guest a safe journey and a cup or a bowl of wine; when the guest goes outside the gate, the host will sing a second toast song to wish the guest everything goes well and a cup or a bowl of wine; when the guest goes to the roadside, the host will sing a third toast song to wish the guest happiness forever and a cup or a bowl of wine again. Guests have to drink these three drinks to get on the road. Lisu People are sincere and enthusiastic to their friends. They say: "the muntjacs in the mountains are driven out by dogs, and the words in their stomach are made from wine." Only people who drink wine can speak from their heart. Therefore, the man who can drink is the real man.

The charming Yod Festival

Every year from March 12 to 18 of the lunar calendar is the "yode Festival" of the Lisu People in Xinshan. The "yode" means dating, and the "yode Festival" means dating.

In March of spring, the Lantana blossoms all over the mountains, red, pink, purple, red and white, snow-white, yellow and various colors of Lantana vie for splendor, cuckoo urges spring, birds vie, and everything revives. With the coming of "yode Festival", every family of young men and women dress up meticulously. The girls wear the most beautiful clothes and all kinds of decorations that they don't wear on weekdays. The young men put on neat clothes and bring their beloved hulusheng. They gather together from March 12 to 18 to sing and dance heartily, and show their performances with songs and dance movements The heroism and beauty of self-confidence convey the message of love. When both men and women have feelings for each other, they leave the collective and walk into the pine forest

Chinese PinYin : Si Chuan Sheng Pan Zhi Hua Shi Mi Yi Xian Xin Shan Li Su Zu Xiang