Yuankou Yao nationality township, Jiangyong County, Yongzhou City, Hunan Province

Yuankou Yao nationality township

Yuankou Yao township is located in the southwest of Jiangyong County, adjacent to Fuchuan Yao Autonomous County of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region in the East, Gongcheng Yao Autonomous County of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region in the south, rough stone river town in the West and taochuan town in the north. The total area of the township is 203.2 square kilometers (2017). < ol > < li > Introduction < / Li > < li > historical evolution < / Li > < li > economic construction < / Li > < li > national culture < / Li > < / OL >

brief introduction

Yuankou Yao nationality township has 495.32 hectares of cultivated land, including 448.46 hectares of paddy field and 45.68 hectares of dry land. The land structure is divided into seven mountains, one water, one farmland, one road and manor. The township governs 12 administrative villages, including Yuankou community, Sanyuan village, qigongling village, Chaoyang village, Baimei village, Jintang village, 80gong village, huangjinshanchou village, qingxiyuan village, Qingxi village, gutiao village and xiaoguluo village. The total population of the township is 25778 (in 2019). Minority population accounts for 79%. Yiyuankou Yao nationality township is one of the four folk Yao, Fuling Yao, Qingxi Yao and gutiao Yao. Since the 29th year of Hongwu (1396) of Ming Dynasty, Fuling Yao, who came down from the mountain in Zhaoan, lived here. It is also the earliest Yao nationality township in Jiangyong County. There are many precious historical books of Yao nationality, such as Fuling Yao Tong Ji and pan Wang Shu. In 1950, Yuankou township was established. In 1952, it was divided into Yuankou Township, dapinggang Township, qigongling Township and Datian Yao township. In 1956, it was merged into Yuankou township. In 1961, it was Yuankou commune. In 1982, Yuankou commune was withdrawn and Yuankou Yao commune was established. In 1984, it was renamed Yuankou Yao township. In 1985, Datian village, Baifeng village and shanmuping village were designated, and Yuankou Nature Reserve (now Provincial Nature Reserve) was established. In 2016, Jintang village and Baimei village of taochuan town (yuanshuimei village, shangbaixiang village and xiabaixiang Village) were merged, and bashigong village, huangjinshanchou village, qingxiyuan village, Qingxi village, gutiao village and xiaoguluo village of houshijiang town were merged Sanyuan Village (the former shanmuping village, Datian village, hengkaihe village and Baifeng Village) is under the jurisdiction of Yuankou Yao township.

Historical evolution

In the southern part of the village, the mountains are high and steep, and the hills are covered with dense forests. Gu Mu yuan, Shi Dao Yuan, Bai Sha Yuan, Feng Yuan, streams crisscross, out of the Liangting depression, all water into one, known as the "source mouth.". In 1950, Yuankou township was set up under the jurisdiction of taochuan district. In 1952, there were Yuankou, dapinggang, qigongling and Datian Yao townships. He merged into Yuankou Township in 1956. In 1958, it was under the jurisdiction of Shuimei commune. In 1961, the system was adjusted and Yuankou people's commune was established. He was changed into Yuankou Yao people's commune in 1982. In 1984, Yuankou Yao people's commune was abolished and Yuankou Yao township was established. in 2016, Jintang village, Baimei village and Chaoyang village of taochuan Town, shibagong village, Huangjinshan village, qingxiyuan village, Qingxi village, gutiao village and xiaoguluo village of kushijiang town were put under the jurisdiction of Yuankou.

economic construction

The total area of the township is 203.2 square kilometers (2017), with 495.32 hectares of cultivated land and 25778 people (2017). The main canal around Yuankou reservoir circulates through the whole Township, with superior water conservancy conditions, fertile land and mild climate. The township economy is dominated by agricultural production, food processing and wood processing. The township government correctly guided farmers to adjust the crop planting structure and further stabilized the "three three systems" planting mode of grain, vegetables and fruits. The township has developed more than 900 mu of high-quality rice based food crops, more than 10000 mu of taro based vegetables, and more than 10000 mu of pomelo, navel orange and summer orange based fruits. Special products are Xiangmi, Xiangyou, Xiangyu, Xianggu. In Tang Dynasty, Empress Wu Zetian was listed as "tribute rice", and Jiang Yongxiang rice, known as "treasure in grain", came from here. county and township roads are connected with provincial highway s325, so the traffic is convenient.

national culture

Yuankou Yao nationality township is dominated by Fuling Yao, which is one of the four min Yao ethnic groups. Qingxi Yao and gutiao Yao, which are among the four min Yao ethnic groups, are also under its jurisdiction. In many places there are obvious characteristics of Yao nationality. the first compound, the first compound in Xiaohebian village, Yuankou Yao township. It has the characteristics of Yao culture. It has been rated as provincial intangible cultural heritage. In the early Ming Dynasty, 13 Yao people of Fuling, Yuankou, were worshipped as ancestors to build the temple. Many Buddha statues and ancestral tablets are worshipped in the temple. Fulingyao people offer sacrifices and chant sutras for the monks, praying for peace and prosperity at four o'clock. Yao people have a small sacrifice every year and a big sacrifice every ten years. "Thousand people's meeting" is the abbreviation of the ten-year Festival, which has been passed on for nearly 600 years. It starts on August 19 of the lunar calendar every year. The duration of the meeting is usually three days. In ancient times, there were five or seven days. The activities of "thousand people meeting" include: (1) offering sacrifices to Buddha, chanting sutras and praying for repentance; (2) adjusting drums; (3) playing with spring cattle; (4) offering sacrifices to river gods by releasing river lanterns; (5) rowing dry land dragon boats, dancing dragons and playing lions; (6) inviting ancestors and gods to march around the village. "Thousand people association" is the ancestor belief and common God belief of Fuling Yao people who worship their ancestors and worship Buddhism, as well as the bridge and link for Fuling Yao people to communicate and unite with the people of the two provinces, three counties and surrounding villages. "Thousand people meeting" is the spiritual product of the Yao people's original belief. It expresses the Yao people's production, life and spirit in the form of art, and embodies the Yao people's traditional folk culture. It has important social value for the study of Yao culture and Yao history. Zen mountain temple "thousand people meeting" (ten-year Festival) was selected as the first batch of intangible cultural heritage protection projects in Yongzhou City. Playing with spring cattle is a traditional art program of Fuling Yao. It is said that in ancient times, the ox God stole grain seeds and farm tools from the imperial field of the heavenly palace. The Jade Emperor angered the ox God and slaughtered the ox in order to punish him. In order to commemorate the spirit of sacrifice and selfless dedication of Shenniu, people sacrifice Shenniu with the activity of "playing spring bull". Yuankou Fuling Yao kept this primitive traditional sacrificial ceremony. The literary and artistic activities of "playing with spring cattle" are held at the beginning of spring every year. In the performance, two young people put on cowhide props to play the role of spring cattle, one playing with the head and the other playing with the tail, imitating the walking, plowing and scratching of cattle. Two of them play the roles of husband and wife, who plough and wife who deliver rice. The other two carry hoes on their shoulders and work like plowing fields. So they perform along the street in public places. Each place, first by the sedan chair of the "spring cattle official" down to recite the message, which means wish the new year good weather, grain harvest. Then, the performers sing "December flowers" and dance while singing, and the local hosts fire guns to welcome and send them off. Playing Camellia oleifera is Yao's diet culture. During the Tang Dynasty, the ancestors of Yao people living in the Dupangling mountains found that Dashan tea had many kinds of fitness effects in their production and life. Later, tea and ginger were used as the main ingredients, and the juice was broken with a wooden mallet in an iron pot to relieve fatigue. Later, fried rice, scallion, edible oil and other seasonings were added to satisfy hunger. This gradually evolved into the local characteristic diet custom of daily drinking and entertaining guests of the Yao people in Shanju. The cooking utensils used for making Camellia oleifera are special "tea pot", "7" wooden hammer, bamboo funnel, spoon, etc. Production method: black tea or green tea as the main raw material, with ginger, with special tea pot and wooden hammer beating, put a little edible oil, filter juice into the tea cup, add with scallion, salt, fried rice, oil fruit, timely make vegetables, peanuts, etc. into the tea drink; each ingredient once, you can make 3-5 pots of oil tea. Camellia oleifera has the effects of anti-inflammatory and detoxification, expelling heat and cold, refreshing and refreshing, relieving thirst and strengthening stomach, generating body fluid and transforming food, nourishing and fitness. Yuankou Fuling Yao people have long maintained the custom of drinking Camellia oleifera at breakfast. Fuling Yao Tong Ji is the first local chronicle of Yao society. The "Fu Ling Yao Tong Ji" preserved by the Yao nationality in the source area records in detail the records of the landscape of the Fu Ling Yao, the land boundary, the Chong River, the river, the registered residence, the service, the pass, the hard work, the field, the grain, the grain, the grain collection, the land name map, the painting, the instructions, the Feng, the painting, the Kai, the nun Guan, the Pavilion Temple, the temple, the Social altar, the ferry crossing, the bridge pavilion, the Wensheng, the tribute supervisor, the staff, It includes the following contents: bearing charge, accident, disaster and auspiciousness. Among them, only the column of "instructions" contains 30 official instructions from the second year of Yongle in Ming Dynasty (1404) to the fifth year of Guangxu in Qing Dynasty (1879), covering the protection of Yao people's land, exemption from military service, running schools, handling salt transportation and berthing disputes, etc., which provides a very important reference for the study of ethnic policies under the feudal system. Tongji also has a complete record of the long-standing autonomy system of the Yao nationality. In 287 years, from 1655 to 1941, the names of the successive Yao leaders and their posts were recorded in detail. Every three years, they will be elected in turn according to their surnames. This is the first case in Yao District in China. The records of Fuling Yao can be regarded as a local chronicle recording the 550 years of Fuling Yao society and a very precious historical book of Yao nationality. Jiangyongxiangmi, also known as Yuankou Xiangmi, is produced in Fuyuan village, Yuankou Yao township. It is a native high stem japonica rice variety, which is only produced in more than 20 mu rice fields in this village. If it is planted in other fields or replaced with other rice varieties in this field, the aromatic characteristics of the rice will be lost. Therefore, it has high biological research and economic development value. It is the most unique crop variety in Jiangyong Wuxiang (Xiangmi, Xiangyou, Xiangyu, Xiangjiang, Xianggu). Yuankou fragrant rice began in the Northern Song Dynasty. According to the records of Xiangqiao doupin, there are few fragrant rice in the government. The so-called good rice in Changsha is the one with five li fragrance. The government of successive dynasties regarded it as tribute rice, and the people of Li people also treated it as a treat

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