Xiongkou Town, Qianjiang City, Hubei Province

Xiongkou town

Xiongkou town is located in the middle of Qianjiang City, 16 km away from Qianjiang City in the northeast. The geographical coordinates of the town center are 112 ° 46 'in the East and 30 ° 18' in the north. The town is built along the North-South East trunk canal, across the river from Xiongkou farm, adjacent to Xiangyue highway in the south, about 4km away from Dongjing River in the East, 14km away from national highway 318 in the north, and 101.78 square kilometers (2017). It has jurisdiction over 24 administrative villages and two neighborhood committees, of which the urban planning control area is 12.5 square kilometers, the built-up area is 2.6 square kilometers, and the total population is 46179 (2017).

In September 2018, Xiongkou town was selected into the demonstration construction list of strong agricultural towns.

geographical position

Xiongkou town is located in the middle of Qianjiang City, 16 km away from Qianjiang City in the northeast. The geographical coordinates of the town center are 112 ° 46 'in the East and 30 ° 18' in the north.

Historical evolution

Before the Ming Dynasty, the south of Xiongkou town was a swamp area, and lakes were scattered everywhere. To the north of Xiongkou Town, there were hundreds of acres of land, landing by water. There was only one port here, which was called "hukou" by the people. A fisherman surnamed Xiong lives in Hukou and has a small shop for people to rest. After a long time, people and people in the past used to call this Hukou xiongjiakou, and later changed it to Xiongkou, which is the rudiment of Xiongkou town. At the beginning of the middle Ming Dynasty, Xiongkou gradually became the only channel leading to Shashi and Jiangling in Mianyang and Qianjiang. There were thousands of merchants and tourists every day, and dozens of ships were stopped. By the end of Ming Dynasty, there were ten households here, gradually forming a regional trade center. at the end of the Qing Dynasty, three main streets were developed here, namely Xiongkou Street (Red Army Street), pedestrian street and River Street, covering an area of about 130000 square meters. There are docks, groceries, flower shops, groceries shops, pawnshops, press shops, dyeing shops, blacksmith shops, minhuo shops, wooden strip shops, medicine shops, private schools, theatres and other industrial and commercial enterprises and cultural facilities in the town. Thus, it will develop into a local economic and cultural center and a water and land transportation hub. during the period of the Republic of China, because of its important geographical route, it became a place for military strategists to fight, and the war was frequent. Therefore, the development of market town scale is slow. In the middle of February 1930, the Sixth Army of the Chinese workers' and peasants' Red Army, with sun Yizhong as commander and Zhou Yiqun as political commissar, completely annihilated the enemies of Longwan and Xiongkou, and entered Xiongkou. The military headquarters was located in wangsonghe drugstore in Xiongkou street. Zhou Yiqun, the political commissar, held a mass meeting and announced the decree issued by the special committee of Western Hubei province that "pawnshops should be pawned without capital for less than 20 foreigners and without profit for more than 20 foreigners". All exorbitant taxes and levies should be cancelled, rent and interest reduction campaigns should be carried out, and the land of landlords and gentry should be confiscated and distributed to farmers for farming. At the end of February, they concentrated their forces to capture Qianjiang County in three ways, then Yuyang Town, Xingouzui and other places. At this point, the separatist regimes of Jiangling, Shishou, Qianjiang and Mianyang were united and expanded the revolutionary base. In July 1930, he long led the second Red Army Corps into Xiongkou after conquering Qianjiang, Tianmen and other places. The corps headquarters was set up at Hufu's home in Xiongkou street, where the Soviet government of Qianjiang county was established to organize revolutionary forces, expand the Red Army, establish red guerrillas and cooperate with the red army. It has formed a strong revolutionary flood and laid a solid foundation for the establishment of the Soviet Area in the west of Hunan and Hubei. In the autumn of 1931, the Kuomintang launched the third great "encirclement and suppression" against the Soviet Area, digging dikes to irrigate water and attacking the Soviet Area with water, causing 90% of the Soviet areas in Jianli, Mianyang, Qianjiang and Jiangling to be flooded, with nearly one million victims. General manager he led the third Red Army to Xiongkou, and the military headquarters was located in the former Second Red Army headquarters, commanding production and disaster relief. He personally led the 25th and 26th regiments of the ninth red division and the Fourth Red Army Groups in Jianli, Jiangling, Mianyang and Qianjiang County migrant workers, in 20 days, built tianguandi. In the Dongjing river section, we completed the construction of the Red Army dyke, a 200 Li dyke project, in a few months, and swept away the flood. During the construction of the embankment, eight enemy attacks were smashed. In June 1932, Chiang Kai Shek mobilized 550000 troops to carry out the fourth "encirclement and suppression" campaign against the Henan Anhui base area. General manager he led his troops into Xiongkou again. They still lived in the former headquarters of the second Red Army, commanding the main force of the third Red Army to cross the river from heiliuzhu to capture Qianjiang City, and then completely annihilated fan Shaozeng's troops. This victory not only weakened the two wings of the encirclement and suppression army, but also stopped the enemy's attack in the north of the Yangtze River. It not only preserved Jingnan, Jiangling and Qianjiang areas, but also expanded some new areas of the party organizations in Jingmen and Dangyang. The revolutionary base areas in Western Hunan and Hubei were further consolidated and expanded. In 1947-1948, Qianjiang county government was set up in Xiongkou town; in 1949, the county government moved to Yuanyuan Town, while Xiongkou town was set up as a district government; in 1958, it was determined as a county town by the county government.

Characteristics of traditional architecture

Most of the traditional buildings in Xiongkou town were built in the middle and late Qing Dynasty, which retained the typical characteristics of the houses in the middle reaches of the Yangtze River in the Qing Dynasty. The building is mainly made of wood, supplemented by brick and stone. There is a fire sealing wall, and there are dragon claw stacks on the top of the wall near the facade. In terms of layout, there are quadrangles and conjoined quadrangles. The gate of the hall is called the gate gate gate. The gate gate gate is carved with "four clouds accompanying the moon" and door god. In front of the gate, some big families also have lucky animals such as stone tiger and stone lion. The roof is made of Qing Dynasty cloth tiles, and the roof ridge is made of cloth tiles. The top and middle of the ridge are all exquisitely painted by masons Some of them are built with iron plates on the eaves in front of the door, which have the style of courtyard architecture in the south of the Yangtze River and the characteristics of the cultural heritage of ancient dwellings in the Jianghan Plain. The original appearance of Xiongkou market town is composed of three main streets, i.e. Red Army Street, pedestrian street and river street. The streets and alleys are connected and crisscrossed. The streets are all paved with bluestone slabs. The houses on both sides of the street are large and small shops. Generally, the floor of the houses is more than feet higher than the street. In the middle of the height difference, bricks are used to build two slopes, which is called "jiangtaikan" by the folk. The sewers on the street are all built of city platform bricks, leading to low-lying places or rivers. preservation of streets and original appearance

Distribution

The three historical streets in Xiongkou town are basically well preserved and distributed in parallel and North-South directions.

（1）

Red Army Street

Red Army Street, formerly known as Houjie, is located in the middle of Xiongkou town. The street runs through the whole town in a north-south direction. With a total length of 500m and an area of 22500 square meters, he long led the Red Army to fight in this street during the agrarian revolution. On November 12, 1984, when Liao Hansheng, former vice chairman of the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress, inspected Xiongkou town in Qianjiang, he personally wrote the name of "Red Army Street". The existing leading organs of the Red Army Street set up in 1930 are: Xiangexi central sub Bureau, the second Red Army Corps, the fourth division, the Guard Corps, the tenth, the eleventh, the twelfth, the former enemy Committee of the second Red Army Corps, the sixth, the forty sixth, the forty eighth, the forty ninth, the twenty first, the eighth division and the twenty second regiments From July 1931 to August 1932, the former sites of the armed forces of the third Red Army in Xiongkou were: Xiangexi Central Bureau, General Staff Department, military headquarters of the third Red Army There are 48 local armed forces departments, confidential departments, management departments, Chiwei street team headquarters, independent regiment headquarters, 7th Division headquarters, 19th regiment headquarters, 20th regiment headquarters, 50th regiment headquarters, 51st regiment headquarters and 17th division headquarters, all of which are well preserved.

（2）

Pedestrian Street

The pedestrian street, also known as the middle street, is a traditional old street close to the Red Army Street, parallel to the river street. It is located in the middle of Xiongkou market town, with a total length of 320m and an area of 24000 square meters. Because the street is narrow, it can not walk, but can only walk, so it is called the pedestrian street. At present, there are 23 traditional historical buildings such as fudixuan Academy (shop) and Fengjia house in Qing Dynasty.

（3

River Street

River Street is a primitive street in Xiongkou old river, with a total length of 400m, including three old lanes, covering an area of 41000 square meters. There are 147 old houses in the Qing Dynasty, such as Zheng Mingcai, Gong Guotu, Qiu Daofu, Huang Wenju and Liu Yihong, which are the best streets in Xiongkou town.

Preservation of original appearance

The three old streets basically keep the old appearance of the Republic of China. During the cultural revolution, some bluestone bricks were excavated, and 30% of the old sites have been replaced and renovated, but most of the buildings are still in good condition. Now there are 210 ancient buildings, covering an area of 130000 square meters. In recent years, because governments at all levels attach great importance to the work of cultural relics, in 1983, during the general survey of cultural relics in Qianjiang County, 48 former sites including the second Red Army Corps, the sixth Red Army Corps, the third Red Army Corps, and the Xiangnan army sub command of the Henan Hubei border region of the New Fourth Army were announced as "key cultural relics protection units in Qianjiang county". In 1999, the people's Government of Hubei Province announced "Xiongkou Red Army Street" as "the base of patriotism education in Hubei Province" In November 2002, the people's Government of Hubei Province announced the "former site of the second Red Army Corps and the former site of the sixth Red Army" as "key cultural relics protection units in Hubei Province". Since 1995, the government of Xiongkou town has also put forward various rules and regulations for the protection of cultural relics, which has effectively protected them. In 2000, it issued the notice of the people's Government of Xiongkou town on printing and distributing the implementation measures for the protection and management of revolutionary cultural relics in Xiongkou town. Because of the attention of governments at all levels, the historical features and revolutionary sites of the three old streets are well preserved, with an intact rate of 70%

Chinese PinYin : Hu Bei Sheng Sheng Zhi Xia Xian Ji Hang Zheng Qu Hua Qian Jiang Shi Xiong Kou Zhen