Sanhu Township, Laifeng County, Enshi Tujia and Miao Autonomous Prefecture, Hubei Province

Sanhu Township

Sanhu Township belongs to Laifeng County, Enshi Tujia and Miao Autonomous Prefecture, Hubei Province. Sanhu district was established in 1949, the commune in 1958, the district in 1962, the commune in 1975, the district in 1984 and the township in 1996. There are nine ethnic groups, including Han, Tujia, Miao and Yao. Population 20195 (2017). Ethnic minorities account for 64.1% of the total population of the township, which is a multi-ethnic living place.

evolution

In the yuan and Ming Dynasties, it was subordinate to the Xuanfu division of Sanmao. Sanmao Xuanfu division, a chieftain of Qin family who lived in Sanhu houlibao old city. Its area is equivalent to today's Xiangfeng Town, Sanhu and Maoba, Shangzhai and longzui in Lushui township. Lingdawang appeasement division, Dongliu Labi Manyi chief division, Maodong division, Manshui division, Baihu division. In the Qing Dynasty, Sanhu was subordinate to yuanfuli, tiqian Township, and Sanhu was zhensuli, tiqian township. the first year of the Republic of China (1912) followed the old system. Since 1914, it has been set as a district township. In 1933, Baojia was organized, with 4 districts, 21 townships, 2 towns and 225 Baojia. Sanhu belongs to a district, with Houli fort in the township, which governs 12 boroughs. In 1943, zhensu was changed into "Sanhu township". In 1946, Sanhu township government re divided the town into three important towns and villages: sanbaoling, sujiabao and houlibao, and 15 villages including fanjiagou, maliuguang, lanniba, jiucaiyuan, qianchangping, yangheba, huangbaiyuan, sijigou, dongguaba, liujiaba, erhuba, miaozhaigou, fengjiagou, goushutian and liyuangou. The township has 14 guarantees (Grade A). On November 9, 1949, the temporary people's Government of Laifeng County was established. On December 1, the people's Government of Laifeng County was formally established. In 1950, the Baojia system was changed into the village and organization system. The whole county was rebuilt into 147 villages in 6 districts, 1 town and Sanhu District. In 1952, the division of Sanhu was partially adjusted. Sanhu was divided into "two districts" (governing 22 townships, namely Liyuan, Jinlong, Liuzheng, erhu, Hujiagou, Maliu, Mantang, Xinglong, jiucaiyuan, huangbaiyuan, Bagu, Wenping, Tangfang, Weigan, shangfengzhai, Taiping, Gele, Zhengnan, Changbai and gujia). In 1958, the people's commune was established. In 1959, a management area was added. In 1961, the district system was restored and Sanhu was changed into a district. Communes, production teams and production teams are under the jurisdiction of the district. In August 1975, Sanhu district was withdrawn and merged again. Zhenping, Guangming, Heping, Gaofeng, Wenping, Taiping, gujia, and forestry brigade of Sanhu district were divided into Sanhu commune. On June 2, 1984, in accordance with the provincial Party committee's decision to set up districts and build townships. In January 1997, the administrative structure was reformed and the districts were removed to build townships; in May, the small townships were changed to administrative districts; in 2000, the administrative districts were abolished. In October 2001, five management areas were changed to five task forces, which were abolished in March 2003. Qiaotingzi village and Jingzhu village merged, jiucaiyuan village and sanbaoling village merged, forming a county, township and village organization system.

administrative division

The township government is located in Hujiagou, which has jurisdiction over a neighborhood committee in Hujiagou and 15 administrative villages, including taoche, houlibao, miaozhaigou, liyuanzi, qiaotingzi, guanfen, shiziqiao, Shiqiao, fanjiagou, anzibao, Liuzheng, Jinlong, sanbaoling, Huangbai and yangheba.

natural environment

Regional location

Sanhu township is located in the northwest of Laifeng County, bordering Xianghua village of Xiangfeng town in the East, jianjianping village and maopo village of Lijiahe township of Xuanen County in the south, Qingshan village of Xiangfeng Town, zhonghuashan forest farm, xintiangou village of Jiusi Town, dayanban village and dadituo village of Geleche town in the south, baozigou village, gujiashan village and tujiazhai village of Geleche town in the west, and Dajie village of Zhongbao town in Xianfeng County in the north. It is located at 109 ° 51 ′ - 109 ° 22 ′ E and 29 ° 29 ′ - 29 ° 46 ′ n. It is 19 kilometers long from north to South and 11 kilometers wide from east to west. The terrain is long and narrow from north to south, similar to the shape of a shuttle. The township government is located in Hujiagou market town, 13 kilometers away from Laifeng in the East and 30 kilometers away from Xianfeng County in the north.

landforms

In the rural area, there are undulating mountains, crisscross streams and gullies. The terrain is high in the north and low in the south. The highest altitude is 1254.5 meters, the lowest altitude is 495.2 meters, and the average altitude is 670 meters.

cultural environment

It covers an area of 125.42 square kilometers (2017) and has a total population of 20195 people (2017).

nation

There are nine ethnic groups, including Han, Tujia, Miao and Yao. Ethnic minorities account for 64.1% of the total population of the township. According to the 1982 census, Sanhu township has 23624 people, which is a multi-ethnic place. Among them, there are 6624 Han people, accounting for 28%; 11263 Miao people, accounting for 47.7%; 5594 Tujia people, accounting for 23.7%; 19 Zhuang people, 9 Hui people, 5 Manchu people, 2 Dong people, 107 Yao people, and 1 Tu people. They are mainly Miao, Han and Tujia. Tujia people call themselves "Bizika" and are descendants of ancient Ba people. Miao nationality is a nation with a long history. About the time of Qin and Han Dynasty, the ancestors of Miao nationality had already lived in the area of Wuxi in Western Hunan. In feudal history books, they were called "Wuxi man" and "Wuling man". Sanhu Miao people mostly moved in from eastern Guizhou and Western Hunan in the Qing Dynasty, and the major surnames of Miao people are Wu, Yang, Liao, Shi and long. The number of Han nationality was more than that of Qing Dynasty, who moved in from Hunan, Jiangxi, Guizhou, etc. There are also Hui, Zhuang, Tu, Manchu, Yao, Dong and other nationalities, accounting for a small proportion.

custom

marriage

there are strict procedures for Tujia and Miao people to get married. If they don't understand the procedures, they think that the man doesn't understand the etiquette. If they don't understand the procedures, they think that they can't get married. the procedure is roughly as follows: if the man has a crush on a woman, he will ask the matchmaker to go to the bride's home with three betrothal gifts, which will be sent to the woman's home in three times. After the woman's consent, the man and the woman can go to the bride's home and make a date (formal engagement). If you need to pay a new year's visit during the Spring Festival, you can go to the woman's side to ask for the "eight characters" after the artillery fire is set off, and the woman's parents can get married after they send the "eight characters". two days before marriage, the man's family organizes people to come to the woman's home to celebrate with rice, wine, meat and betrothal gifts. The "guest general manager" will lead the team and ask how much the dowry is, so as to organize people to carry it when they get married. Tujia girls have to "cry" a few days before they get married. They have bridesmaids to accompany them and they have to "cry" when they get married. The day before marriage, the man should organize "flower arrangement and hanging red" at home. on the wedding day, the man organizes his staff to pick up the bride, and the manager is responsible for it. After breakfast at the woman's home, a welcoming ceremony will be held. First, incense paper candles will be burned to honor the family, and then relatives and friends will be saluted. After a round of words and orders, the whip will be burned to invite the host to kiss. After the ceremony, the "high relative" will be invited. The bride wears red clothes and pants, takes a red umbrella, and goes out with the help of her family. In front of the bride, there are two unmarried girls from her husband to pick up the bride. Later, there are two unmarried girls from her husband to send off the bride. In addition, the elder or brother-in-law of the bride send off the bride for the senior relatives of the two men and women. when going out, the bride should say goodbye to her ancestors. She holds two bundles of chopsticks in her hand and throws them back and forth. The male and the female grab one each. They light up two 2-meter-long sunflower poles (or bamboo strips) wrapped with red paper. The female is convenient to grab one of them, which means to keep half of the money. on the road, the dowry bearers should be able to "lean back" because the road is mostly mountain road, there are many bends on the road, and there are branches blocking the road. The former said: "there is a left hand in the front", and the latter said: "there is a right hand in the back garden"; the former said: "big turn bay", and the latter said: "slowly round"; the former said: "there is a green canopy sweeping the top", and the latter said: "bend down". When crossing the bridge or crossing the pass, the bride is stopped for rest, and is not allowed to go there, asking for red envelopes and cigarettes from the "high relatives". When he arrived at his son-in-law's house, Chen Xiangzhu and a rooster were present. The rooster was thrown over the bride's head, which means "stop evil and return to happiness". After worshiping heaven and earth, family gods and parents, he entered the bridal chamber. after entering the bridal chamber, the bride and groom wash their "harmonious faces" and drink "harmonious tea". On the second day of marriage, it's a regular wine; on the third day, it's a casual guest, and Gao Qin returns home (now mostly in the afternoon). Three days after marriage or choose a good day to "return", the bride and groom back home to see their parents. "Return" must go and return the same day. According to the old people, the newly married one month does not empty the room, otherwise the mouse will bite the mosquito net.

Birth (commonly known as "Da Shi Chao")

After giving birth to a child, a man goes to his parents in law's house to report the good news, a boy to report a rooster, and a girl to report a hen. On the third day after the birth of the child, the family prepared rooster, bacon, eggs, mash (sweet wine), children's clothes and some nutritious products to eat "Three Dynasties" rice at the son-in-law's house. On the tenth day, the family invited their relatives and friends to play ten dynasties at the son-in-law's house. Generally in and out for three days, the son-in-law's house held a banquet to entertain relatives and friends. After 30 days, they have to eat full moon wine. When a child is one year old, they have to dig a week. At that time, relatives and friends gather to present clothes, food or money to celebrate.

birthday of an elderly person

Tujia people attach great importance to birthday. When a child is one year old, they have to hold a banquet to invite friends and relatives to "dig the week" for the child. Some of them wait until the child is three years old to "dig the week". Adults should also dig Zhou Chongxi when they are 35 years old for men and 33 years old for women. After the old man's parents are not in the world, every year his children's relatives and friends come to celebrate his birthday (commonly known as Zhu Sheng). When he reaches the age of 60, 70, 80 and 90, he will hold a banquet to celebrate his birthday.

Build a new house

it depends on each other. At the same time, you should keep your back from the mountain and face the water. On the left, you should look at Qinglong mountain, and on the right, Baihu mountain is not evil. The main hall is in the middle, with a wing room on the left and a stilted building on the right. It is required that the wing room should not be higher than the main room. The wooden house is beautiful in shape, firm in structure and durable in use. At present, there are still many old houses more than 100 years old in Sanhu. building a house is commonly known as "raising a house", which requires a certain ceremony,

Chinese PinYin : Hu Bei Sheng En Shi Tu Jia Zu Miao Zu Zi Zhi Zhou Lai Feng Xian San Hu Xiang