the determination to win victory and the courage to surmount every difficulty(yú gōng yí shān)

the determination to win victory and the courage to surmount every difficulty

Yugong Yishan is an allegorical essay written by the thinker Liezi in the Warring States period. The article narrates the story of Yugong who braved difficulties, persevered, dug mountains, and finally moved the emperor to move the mountains away. Through the comparison between the perseverance of Yugong and the timidity of the wise old people, and the comparison between "stupid" and "wise", this paper shows the confidence and perseverance of the working people in ancient China, and explains the reason that we must persevere to overcome difficulties. The full text is well narrated, echoed from the beginning to the end, the plot is complete, the dialogue is vivid, Bixiao voice, and the dialogue in line with the personality is very good to promote the development of the plot.

Original works

Yugong Yishan mountain: Taihang 1 and Wangwu 2 mountains, 3700 Li in square and Wanren 4 high, are located in the south of Jizhou 5 and the north of Heyang 6. The Yugong of Beishan Mountain is seventy-nine years old, and lives in eight mountains. Punishment 9 mountain north of the fortress 10, in and out of the circuitous 11 also. Gather room and plan 12 said: "I and you 13 Bi Li Ping dangerous 14, refers to the south of Henan 15, up to Hanyin 16, can?" Miscellaneous phase Xu 17. His wife doubted 18 and said, "with the power of the 19 kings, Zeng 20 can't damage Qiu 23 of the 21 Kuifu 22, such as Taihang and Wangwu? And 24 how 25 place 26 earth and rock? " Zayue: "to the end of the Bohai Sea, to the north of the hidden earth." So he led his son and grandson, he 28, Sanfu 29, koishikeng 30, Jipan 31, to the end of the Bohai Sea. The widow of 32 families in the neighboring capital, 33, had a 34 year old man who was left behind by his wife. He was 35 years old and jumped to help him. Winter and summer are 36, but the first is 37. Hequ 38 wise old man 39 said with a smile: "what's wrong, you don't benefit 40! With 41 years left, Mao 42, one of the mountains that could not be destroyed, is 43 like earth and stone? " Yugong Changxi 44 of Beishan said: "you have a firm heart, but you can't break it. You were not a widow or a weak child. Although my death is 46, how can I have a son? A son will have a son, and a son will have a son. A son will have a son, and a son will have a son. A son will have a son, and a son will have a son. A son will have a son, and a son will have a son. A son will have a son, and a son will have a son The wise old man in Hequ died 49 years ago. When the snake God heard it, he was afraid of it and told the emperor. The emperor felt that his sincerity was 53, and ordered kuae's 54, his two sons to be 55, his two mountains, one house 56, shuodeng 57, and one house Yongnan 58. Since then, the south of Hebei, the Yin of Han, no long cut 59 Yan.

Note translation

Notes on words and sentences

Taihang: between the Loess Plateau and North China Plain. < / Li > < li > Wangwu: between Yangcheng, Yuanqu and Jiyuan. < / Li > < li > Square: the square circle refers to the area. Square seven hundred Li means vertical and horizontal seven hundred Li. In ancient times, the irregular side length was changed into a square by the method of truncating the long to make up the short, and then its area was calculated. < li > < li > Ren (R è n): the ancient unit of length, with seven or eight feet as a Ren. < / Li > < li > Jizhou: ancient place name, including Hebei Province, Shanxi Province, Henan Province, north of the Yellow River, Liaoning Province, west of Liaohe River. < li > < li > Heyang: it refers to the North Bank of the Yellow River. The north of the mountain and the south of the river are called Yin, and the south of the mountain and the north of the river are called Yang. In addition, in the Eastern Zhou Dynasty, there was an ancient city of Heyang in the west of Mengzhou City, Henan Province. < / Li > < li > and: adverb, near. < / Li > < li > living in front of the mountain: living in front of the mountain means living in the north of the mountain. < li > < li > punishment (CH é ng): caution, here is the meaning of "suffering from, why suffering". < / Li > < li > plug (s è): blocking. < / Li > < li > circuitous (Y ū): twists and turns, detours. < / Li > < li > get together: gather the whole family to discuss. Room, home. < li > < li > you. The plural here means "you". It is often used to refer to peers or descendants. < li > < li > Bi Liping: try our best to eradicate the steep mountains. Complete, complete and complete. < / Li > < li > refers to the south of Henan: it leads to the south of Yuzhou. Point, straight. Henan, Yuzhou, an ancient place name, is located in the south of the Yellow River in Henan Province. < / Li > < li > Hanyin: South Bank of the Han River. Han is the Han River; Yin, the north side of the mountain or the south side of the water, is called Yin, opposite to Yang. < / Li > < li > miscellaneous: they all agree. Miscellaneous, one after another. Xu, I agree. < / Li > < li > questioning: asking questions. < / Li > < li > to: rely on. < / Li > < li > Zeng (C é ng / Z ē ng): adverb, used before "no", can be translated as "Lian Also... " It is often used with "no". < / Li > < li > loss: reduction. < / Li > < li > Ku í f ǔ: the name of a hill in ancient times, located in Chenliu Town, Kaifeng County, Henan Province. < / Li > < li > mound: mound. < / Li > < li > and: besides. < / Li > < li > Yan: interrogative pronoun, where. < / Li > < li > placement: placement. < li > < li > throw it at the end of the Bohai Sea and the north of the hidden earth: throw it to the edge of the Bohai Sea and the north of the hidden earth. Zhu is equivalent to "Yu". Hidden earth, ancient place name. < li > < li > he (H è): it means carrying. < li > < li > husband: adult man. < / Li > < li > tapping rocks and reclaiming soil: chiseling stones and digging soil. Knock, knock, hit. < li > < li > dustpan (J ī B ě n): dustpan, a kind of utensil made of bamboo or willow. Here is the meaning of loading earth and stone with dustpan. < / Li > < li > capital: compound surname. < / Li > < li > widow: widow, wife, widow. < / Li > < li > Yinan: orphan, single parent orphan, posthumous son. < / Li > < li > Shi (CH è n): age, about seven or eight years old. Children change their teeth and grow permanent teeth again after deciduous teeth fall off. Shi: Cai, gang. 龀: change your teeth. < / Li > < li > winter and summer festival: winter and summer season, refers to the time of a year. Easy, exchange. Festival, season. < / Li > < li > it's just a round trip. On the other hand, it can go back and forth through "return". Yan, modal particle. < / Li > < li > Hequ: an ancient place name, located in the west of Ruicheng County, Shanxi Province. < / Li > < li > old man (s ǒ U): old man. < / Li > < li > What's more, you are not wise! Very serious. Huitong means wisdom, but not Huitong means stupidity. < / Li > < li > remaining years: old age and remaining strength. < li > < li > Yimao: a plant, a tree, a small part of the mountain. < / Li > < li > its: strengthen the rhetorical tone in front of "what is it?". Long breath: long sigh. < / Li > < li > you have a firm mind, which can't be broken: your mind is stubborn, and it can't be changed. Thor, thoroughfare, change here. < / Li > < li > although I die: even if I die. Although, even if. It is used between the subject and the predicate. < / Li > < li > Kui (Ku ì): it means exhausting. < / Li > < li > pain: sorrow, here refers to worry. < / Li > < li > death (w ú) answer: no words to answer. Death means nothing. < / Li > < li > the God of Snake: the mythical Mountain God, holding a snake in his hand, is called the God of snake. Fuck, hold on. < / Li > < li > I'm afraid that he will keep working. Yugong. It has been stopped. < / Li > < li > Emperor: the God in myth. < / Li > < li > feeling his sincerity: moved by his sincerity. Feeling, moved by what. < li > < li > kuae: a God with great strength in mythology. < / Li > < li > negative: back. < / Li > < li > CuO (CuO): the same as "CuO", placing and placing. < / Li > < li > shuodong: the area to the east of shuodong, which refers to the north of Shanxi Province. < li > < li > Yong: Yongzhou is located in the area of Shaanxi and Gansu Province. < / Li > < li > LONGDUAN: monopoly and barrier. "Long" connects "ridge" and "highland". Cut off, cut off.

Vernacular translation

Taihang and Wangwu mountains, with a radius of 700 Li and a height of 7000 Zhang, were originally located in the south of Jizhou and the north of the North Bank of the Yellow River. There is a man named Yugong under the north mountain. He is nearly 90 years old and lives in the opposite side of the mountain. Suffering from the obstruction in the northern part of the mountain area, he had to make a detour when going out and going in, so he called on the whole family to discuss and said, "I'll try my best to dig out the steep mountains with you, so that the road can reach the south of Yuzhou and the South Bank of the Han River, OK?" Everyone agreed. His wife asked a question and said, "with your strength, even Kuifu's hill can't be leveled. What about Taihang and Wangwu? What's more, where do you put the earth and stones that have been dug? " They said, "throw it to the edge of the Bohai Sea, to the north of the hidden earth." So Yugong led three of his children and grandchildren who could carry the burden to the mountain, chiseled stones, dug earth, and transported them to the Bohai Sea with dustpan. The neighbor's widow had an orphan, who was just seven or eight years old. She hopped to help him. Winter and summer season, to a round trip. The wise old man in Hequ sneered at Yu Gong, stopped him from doing it, and said, "you are so stupid! With the rest of your years and strength, you can't even move a grass on the mountain. What can you do with the earth and stone? " Yu Gong of Beishan sighed: "your mind is so stubborn that you can't open your mind, even orphans and widows

Chinese PinYin : yú gōng yí shān