educate by law(yǐ fǎ wéi jiào)

educate by law

Taking law as education is a system advocated by Legalists in pre Qin Dynasty, which takes national policies and decrees as education content. Law is the foundation of governing the country, which can regulate the people's behavior and enrich the country and strengthen the army. Therefore, it is necessary to make the people understand and abide by the law, so that "the law must be clear and the order must be carried out" (Shang Jun Shu · painting strategy). Criticizing the education of ancient culture, such as poetry and book, is not beneficial to the world, and causes the evil result of changing the past from the present, disturbing the people and destroying the rule of law. It is called "the kingdom of the Ming Dynasty, with no letters, with the law as its teaching; without the words of the former king, with officials as its teacher" (Han Feizi · five beetles). Qin Xiaogong's appointment of Shang Yang's reform has been put into practice. After the unification of the Qin Dynasty, Li Si's suggestion was adopted to ban private learning and burn folk books. Only the scholars were allowed to study with the officials, and the ban was set up by law. Therefore, the legalist education was put into practice all over the world. After the Han Dynasty, law was still an important part of education.

interpretation

The pronunciation y ǐ f ǎ w é Iji à o is interpreted as: use; teaching: education. To quote legal provisions as the content of education. from Han Feizi · five beetles: "so the country of Ming Lord had no letters, and he taught by law." the educational system of the state of Qin is based on legalism. It means that the content of people's learning knowledge is limited to the laws of the imperial court, that is, the laws of the Qin Dynasty. People can only see the text of the court's decree, the decree requires you to do what you do, can not violate. is one of the symbols of the implementation of policies, strengthening the ideological and legal system, and consolidating the centralization of power in the Qin Dynasty. FA Jiao is opposite to Li Jiao, which is matched with Li as a teacher. Before the unification of the six states, Qin Xiaogong discussed the foundation of the right law with Shang Yang, Gan long and Du Zhi. The so-called wise man's practice is more polite than the wise man's. He also wrote a play book, stating that the emperor of Ming Dynasty was loyal to his people in this world, and those who scattered and led his country should not forget the law in a moment. It is also said that sages must set up officials for law, officials for law, and teachers for the whole world, so they are named fenye. The conclusion is that the rule of law is the rule of law. When Lisi was highly valued by the Qin Dynasty, he directly suggested to the first emperor of Qin that if he wanted to learn laws and regulations, he should take officials as his teachers. The most important purpose of implementing the system of Li Shi in the Qin Dynasty was to create a group of small officials who were full of writing and writing skills. From then on, the system of Li Shi became an important political and educational decision-making during the reign of the first emperor of Qin Dynasty, which was in 213 BC, the 34th year of the first emperor of Qin Dynasty. Taking the law as a religion not only points at Confucianism, but also at all schools of thought. It banned all private schools established in accordance with the principle of academic freedom in the Warring States period, which has been pointed out sharply in Han Fei's works. If we say that Han Fei's idea is just a preparation for public opinion, Liz, as the spokesman of the government, declares that it is necessary to ban it, that people are good at their private learning, and that they are not established by the superior; if they hear the order, they will discuss it with their own academic opinions, that is, if they come in, they will be wrong, and if they go out, they will be wrong (historical records, the first emperor of Qin Dynasty). The policy of taking law as education in Qin Dynasty has its deep historical roots. First of all, the destruction of the six states does not mean that the world will be peaceful from now on. When the first emperor fell into the famous city, killed Haojun, collected the soldiers from all over the world, gathered in Xianyang, sold Fenghe, and cast himself as the twelfth man of Jin Dynasty (Jia Yi's new book: passing the Qin Dynasty), he also moved the world to Xianyang for centralized management and control. In the 29th year, Shihuang was assassinated for the first time when he traveled eastward to bolangsha, and in the 31st year, he was assassinated for the second time in the capital Xianyang. The murderer has never been arrested. What's more, the rulers feel that it is not enough to ensure the personal safety of Shihuang and the consolidation of the Qin regime if they do not carry out severe punishment and laws, such as LianZuo law, reward and criticism, and make the officials and the people know and abide by the law.

Implementation measures

Establishment of judges

The emperor set up judges in three aspects: one in the palace, one judge and one legal official in the Yushi mansion, and one judge in the prime minister mansion. The princes and counties also set up a judge and a judicial officer for them, all of which were similar to the judges in the capital of Qin. (original text: Shangjun's book. "The son of heaven has three judges; the palace has one judge; the censor has one judge and officials; the prime minister has one judge. Each of the princes, counties and counties set up a judge and an official making laws and regulations, setting up a simple and heavy person to make the people know the specific content of the laws and regulations as an official, taking him as the official in charge of the laws and regulations. (original text: Shangjun's book. "Dingfen" is a law, which is set up by officials. Those who are simple enough to know the name of the law think that the world is right. ". Making laws must make them easy to understand, even for the wise and the foolish. (original text: Shangjun's book. "Therefore, if a sage is a law, he must make it clear and easy to know. If he has a correct name, he can know it all the time."

Management Law

A copy of the decree is placed in the palace of the emperor. In the palace, a forbidden room is built for the decree. It has a key and is sealed with a seal. A copy of the decree is hidden in it and sealed with a forbidden seal. (original text: Shangjun's book. "All the decrees are set in the palace of the emperor, which is the forbidden room for decrees. There is a collar key, which is sealed for prohibition. It contains a set of decrees, which is sealed for prohibition.")

Efficient law popularization

If the officials and the common people ask the officials in charge of the decrees about the specific contents of the decrees, the officials in charge of the decrees must give them a clear answer according to their questions. In addition, it is necessary to make a one foot six inch long amulet coupon, on which the contents of next year, month, day, time and laws are written. The officials in charge of the decrees do not tell. When they have committed a crime, it is the one they asked, then they will punish the officials in charge of the decrees according to the one they asked. During the inquiry, the left piece of the voucher should be given to the person who inquired about the decree. The official in charge of the decree carefully put the right piece into a wooden box, hid it in a room, and sealed it with the seal of the magistrate. Even if the person concerned died later, the voucher should be followed. (original text: Shangjun's book. In dingfen, officials and the people were engaged in the work with certificates

Act in accordance with the law

Officials and people who want to know the law ask the judge, so there is no one in the world who does not know the law. The officials knew that the people knew the law, so they did not dare to treat the people by illegal means, and the people did not dare to break the law to violate the judge. If officials do not comply with the law, the people can ask the judge, the judge will tell them the charges stipulated in the law, and the people will warn the officials of the judge's words. When officials know that this is the case, they dare not treat the people by illegal means, and the people dare not break the law. (original text: Shangjun's book. "The officials and the people who know the law all ask the judge... The people dare not break the law.")

Legal objectives

When the position is established, the treacherous can become honest. People are cautious and loyal, so that all people know what to avoid and what to get close to. How to avoid disaster, approach happiness, and be autonomous. Mingjun was engaged in the governance of the country on the basis of people's autonomy, and the world would be governed. (the original text: "if the name is determined, it will be deceitful and honest, and the robber will be willing to court"; "with the knowledge of Tao, all the people know what to avoid, and avoid misfortune and fortune, and all of them are autonomous. Therefore, in the Ming Dynasty, the main cause of treatment is the final treatment, which is why the world is under great control. ")

effect

The original text of Xunzi, a powerful country: after entering the country, we can see its customs, its people are simple, its vocal music is not dirty, its clothing is not frivolous, and it is very afraid of being obedient, so is the ancient people. As for the officials in the capital, their officials are solemn, and they should not be disrespectful, thrifty, respectful, loyal and honest. When you enter the country, you can see the literati and bureaucrats from their own door; when you come from their own door, you can enter the public door; when you come from the public door, you can return to their home, and there is no private matter; when you are not in the Zhou Dynasty, you are not friends, and you are not ignorant, but you are public, so are the ancient literati and bureaucrats. If you look at the imperial court, if you are idle, if you listen to all kinds of things, you will not stay. If you are calm, you will not be ruled. Therefore, it is not lucky for the four generations to win. It's what you see. Therefore, it is said that the governance of the lost, the detailed and the detailed, the painless and the meritorious, the governance of the Qin class.

Chinese PinYin : yǐ fǎ wéi jiào