A scholar dies for a bosom friend(shì wèi zhī jǐ zhě sǐ)

A scholar dies for a bosom friend

If a scholar is a confidant, he will die.

Pinyin: SH ì w è izh ī J ǐ zh ě s ǐ

Yurang, one of the four assassins of the spring and Autumn period, is said. Yurang was the Minister of the Zhi family in the spring and Autumn period. In 453 BC, the Zhao family of the Jin State, together with the Han and Wei families, defeated the Zhi family in Jinyang. Zhi boyao, the leader of the Zhi family, was killed and Zhao Xiangzi used his head as a wine vessel. In order to repay zhiboyao's kindness, yurang ambushed the bridge to go to the toilet and swallowed charcoal. He assassinated Zhao Xiangzi many times, and finally killed himself, leaving the eternal masterpiece of "a scholar who died for his confidant".

When a scholar dies for a confidant, he is willing to give his life to those who appreciate and cultivate himself.

Entry

A scholar dies for a bosom friend

Citation explanation

Confidants: people who know and trust themselves. It means willing to sacrifice for those who appreciate and cultivate themselves.

Zhao ceyi, the strategy of the Warring States period, said: "a scholar who is a confidant will die, and a woman who is happy with her will be accepted. I'll tell you what I know."

"Historical records. Volume 86. Assassin biography. Yurang biography": "ho! A scholar dies for a bosom friend, and a woman is tolerant for a friend. Now that uncle Zhi knows me, I will die to repay him. If I repay him, my soul will be worthy of it. "

In Shuo yuan, Liu Xiang of Han Dynasty said, "the parents who gave birth to me know Bao Zi. If a scholar is a confidant, he will die, let alone mourn for him! "

Tang Hanyu's "on recommending Marquis's happiness state" says: "either they meet at the knee and do not know each other, or they admire each other in a different world. Because of the difficulties they encounter, it is said that those who are close friends will die."

Chapter 42 of Wu Jianren's twenty years of witnessing the strange situation in Qing Dynasty: "don't you hear that" a scholar who is a confidant dies "? Why don't you hear that "when a scholar meets me, he will repay me"

original text

Yu rang, the grandson of Bi Yang in Jin Dynasty, did not say anything about fan Zhongxing's family at the beginning. He went to know his uncle and loved him. Zhao Xiangzi was the most resentful of Zhibo and regarded his head as a drinking vessel. Yurang fled to the mountain and said, "ho ho! A scholar who is a confidant dies, and a woman who is happy with herself looks good. I'm going to take revenge on my family Then he changed his name and became a criminal. He went to the palace to paint the toilet and wanted to stab Xiangzi. Xiangzi goes to the toilet and is excited. If he asks the painter, he will give way to yurang. Blade its say: "want to know Bo revenge!" You want to kill it. Zhao Xiangzi said, "I would like to avoid those righteous people. And knowing that Bo is dead and has no empress, and that his ministers are the most vengeful, the sages in the world are the same. " He explained it. Yurang painted himself as a fierce man. He had to remove his eyebrows and punish himself to change his appearance. He begged for the sake of beggars. His wife didn't know him and said, "he doesn't look like my husband, but he sounds like my husband." He swallowed charcoal and became dumb. His friend said: "the way of Zi is very difficult and ineffective. If Zi has a will, he will go on. If Zi knows, he will not. If you help your son with his talent, you will be lucky if you help him. If you get close to him and do what you want, it is very easy and you will succeed. " Yu rang said with a smile: "it's for the prophet to tell the truth. It's for the old king to steal the new king. There's nothing like that. As far as I am concerned, it is not easy to understand the righteousness of the monarch and his ministers. In addition, the husband's appointment of a pledge to serve others and his pursuit of killing others is to serve the king with two hearts. I will also be ashamed of the people of later generations who have two hearts. "

In a short time, Xiangzi should go out and yurang should go under the bridge. When Xiangzi arrived at the bridge, the horse was startled. Xiangzi said: "this must give way to Yu." If you ask, you will be able to give way. So Zhao Xiangzi counted Yu rang and said, "I don't know what Fan Zhongxing is? Zhibo exterminates fan Zhongxing's family, but Zizi doesn't take revenge. He opposes the pledge to Zhibo. Knowing that Bo is dead, what is the depth of revenge for Zi Du? " Yurang said, "I am a minister of fan Zhongxing's family. Fan Zhongxing's family meets a minister with people, so people report him. Zhibo meets a minister with a national scholar, so people report him." Xiangzi sighed and said, "Ho, Yuzi! Yuzi's name is Zhibo. It's enough for me to give up my son. I'll do my own thing, but I won't give up my son. " Make the soldiers around it. Yurang said: "when I heard that the Lord of Ming Dynasty did not hide the righteousness of people, loyal officials did not love death to become famous. You have given up your ministers before you, and all the people in the world are worthy of you. Today's matter, the minister therefore ambushes to kill, but is willing to ask the gentleman's clothing to hit it, although dies does not hate. I don't know what I'm looking for, but I dare to put my heart into it. " So Xiangzi Yizhi made the emissary hold his clothes and give way to yurang. Yurang drew out his sword and leaped three times. He called to heaven and said, "you can report to Bo." Then he fell and died. On the day of his death, the people of the state of Zhao wept.

translation

At first, Yu rang, the grandson of Bi Yang, a knight in the state of Jin, served as a minister to fan and Zhongxing, but he was not valued. Therefore, he became an official of Zhibo and was trusted. Later, Han, Zhao and Wei divided up Zhibo's land. Among them, Zhao Xiangzi hated Zhibo most and used Zhibo's skull as a drinking vessel. At this time, yurang fled to the mountain and said, "Alas! People with lofty ideals sacrifice for those who know themselves, and women dress up for those who like them, so I must take revenge for Zhibo. " So yurang disguised himself as a punished man and went to the palace to wash the toilet to kill Zhibo's enemy Zhao Xiangzi. Soon after Zhao Xiangzi went to the toilet, he suddenly felt his heart beating, so he ordered the person who was cleaning the toilet to be interrogated. Only then did he know that it was yurang's disguised assassination. At this time, Yu rang took out a dagger and said, "I want to avenge Zhibo!" The guard took him down to kill him, but Zhao Xiangzi stopped him and said, "this is a righteous man. I just need to be careful to avoid him. Because there are no descendants left after Zhibo's death, some of his ministers who are willing to avenge him must be virtuous people in the world. "

So Zhao Xiangzi released yurang. But yurang continued to plot revenge for Zhibo. He was painted all over and made up like a leper. At the same time, he shaved his beard and eyebrows, disfigured himself completely, and then pretended to be a beggar. Even his wife didn't know him. When he saw him, he just said, "this man doesn't look like my husband, but his voice is very similar. What's the matter?" So yurang swallowed charcoal in order to change his voice. When his friends saw him, they said to him, "it's very difficult for you to succeed in this way. It's OK to say that you are a person with lofty ideals, but it's wrong to say that you are a wise person. Because with your ability, if you try your best to serve Zhao Xiangzi faithfully, he will certainly value you and trust you. After you get his trust, you can realize your revenge plan, and you will surely succeed. " After listening to this, yurang said with a smile: "you mean to fight new friends for old friends and kill new monarchs for old monarchs. This is a way of extremely corrupting the righteousness of monarchs and ministers. The reason why I want to do this today is to clarify that the righteousness of the monarch and his ministers does not lie in whether revenge is successful or not. What's more, he has committed himself to be a minister of others, but he is secretly plotting to assassinate them. This is tantamount to having two hearts towards the monarch. The reason why I want to do this today, knowing that I can't do it, is to shame the people who have two hearts in the world. "

Soon, Zhao Xiangzi will go out for inspection, and yurang will ambush under the bridge that Zhao Xiangzi must pass. When Zhao Xiangzi rode along the bridge, the horse suddenly jumped up. Zhao Xiangzi said, "this must be yurang again." After the search, it was yurang. So Zhao Xiangzi scolded Yu rang and said, "didn't you ever serve fan and Zhongxing? Zhibo killed them. Instead of taking revenge for them, you went to Zhibo with humiliation. It's been a long time since Zhibo died. Why do you take revenge for him Yurang replied, "when I served fan and Zhongxing, they only treated me as an ordinary person, so I used the attitude of an ordinary person to repay them. Zhibo treated me as a statesman, so I used the attitude of a statesman to repay Zhibo." So Zhao Xiangzi sighed with pity: "Alas! Yurang, because you avenged Zhibo, you have become loyal and righteous. And I treat you with the utmost kindness. Think for yourself, I can't release you any more! " So Zhao Xiangzi ordered the guards to surround yurang.

At this time, yurang said to Zhao Xiangzi: "as far as I know, a virtuous minister does not stop other people's loyalty, and a loyal minister does not cherish his own life in order to fulfill his lofty ideals. The king has forgiven me once before. There is no one in the world who does not praise the king for this. Today, I am here to assassinate. You should put me to death here. But I want to get the king's robe and allow me to stab it here. Even if I die, I have no regrets. I wonder if the king can fulfill my wish? " In order to fulfill yurang's integrity, Zhao Xiangzi took off his royal robe on the spot and gave it to yurang by his courtiers. After taking the robe, yurang pulled out his sword and stood up. Then he stabbed the robe with his sword and sighed: "ah! My God? I finally avenged Zhibo! " Yu rang killed himself when he finished speaking. After hearing this, the loyal and righteous people of the state of Zhao burst into tears.

usage

To act as an object or attributive

allusion

Fang Xiaoru was the closest Minister of Jianwen emperor. He also regarded Jianwen emperor as the king of Zhiyu and was loyal. During the battle of Jingnan, Yao Guangxiao, the first counselor of Ming Chengzu, knelt down and begged Zhu Di not to kill Fang Xiaoru, otherwise "the seeds of reading in the world would be lost", and Ming Chengzu agreed to him. After the fall of Nanjing, Fang Xiaoru kept his door closed and cried for emperor Jianwen wearing mourning clothes day by day. Ming Chengzu sent someone to force him to come to see him. Fang Xiaoru wore mourning clothes and cried in court, asking people to persuade him to surrender and not listen. When Emperor Chengzu of the Ming Dynasty wanted to write an imperial edict to ascend the throne, they all recommended Fang Xiaoru and ordered him to be summoned from prison. Fang Xiaoru wailed in public and cried through the palace. Emperor Chengzu of the Ming Dynasty was also very moved. He came down to the palace and said to him, "don't do that, sir. In fact, I just follow the example of Duke Zhou to assist King Cheng." Fang asked: "where is Cheng Wang An?" Ming Chengzu replied, "I have burned myself." Fang asked, "why not become the son of the king?" Chengzu said: "the state is laichangjun." Fang said, "why not become the younger brother of the king?" Cheng Zu said, "this is my family business!" And let people give the pen to Fang Xiaoru, said: "this matter must be Mr." Fang threw his pen to the ground and cried and scolded: "death is death, and the imperial edict should not be drafted."

Chinese PinYin : shì wèi zhī jǐ zhě sǐ