Ten years of life together, ten years of lessons(shí nián shēng jù，shí nián jiào xùn)

Ten years of life together, ten years of lessons

Ten years of life together, ten years of lessons, refers to the army and the people with one heart and one mind, the accumulation of strength, anger and strength, in order to wash away the shame. It comes from Zuo Zhuan AI Nian, which tells the story of King Gou Jian of Yue who led the army and people of Yue to fight against the enemy and defeat the Wu army in 496 BC.

explain

Production and gathering: breeding population and accumulating material resources; lessons: education and training. It means that the army and the people are of one heart and one mind, gathering strength and striving for strength to wash away the humiliation.

Brief history

In 496 BC, Yunchang, king of Yue, died and his son Gou Jian succeeded him. He Lu, the king of Wu, attacked Vietnam at the time of the state of Yue's loss. The army and people of the state of Yue hated Wu's act of taking advantage of people's danger. They fought against the enemy and defeated Wu's army. He Lu, the king of Wu, was wounded and died on his way home.

Fu Chai, the king of Wu, succeeded to the throne and devoted himself to war for three years. In 494 B.C., he led the revenge army to kill Yue. The water army of the state of Yue was almost destroyed. King Gou Jian of Yue fled to Kuaiji mountain. The state of Yue humiliated the state of Wu and begged for peace.

According to the requirements of the state of Wu, King Gou Jian of Yue took his wife and Minister Fan Li to the state of Wu to do hard labor. The king of Yue looked at Helu's grave, fed his horse, took off his shoes and served him to go to the toilet. Gou Jian and his three were ridiculed and humiliated. In order to recover the country, Gou Jian patiently endured the mental and physical torture of Wu, and became more respectful and tame to Fu Chai, the king of Wu.

Fu Chai was very moved by Gou Jian's observation of his illness. After three years of hard labor, Wu Wang released Gou Jian back to China. When he met with his subjects, Gou Jian wept bitterly and was determined to revenge.

After Gou Jian returned home, he never forgot the humiliation of Wu. When he sleeps, he lies on a mess of firewood. He can't sleep at night. When he opens his eyes, he will encourage himself to take revenge as soon as possible. Gou Jian has a gall bladder hanging in his room. He has to taste the bitter taste of every meal to remind himself of his suffering and humiliation in the state of Wu. Dressed in coarse cloth, he ate and cultivated with the people. Mrs. Gou Jian led women to raise silkworms, weave cloth and develop production. Gou Jian's husband and wife shared weal and woe with the common people, which inspired the whole country to work hard together, strive for strength, and wipe out Wu Xueshi as soon as possible.

In addition, Gou Jian bribed the king of Wu to paralyze him, bought grain from Wu to empty the granary, gave wood to build a palace, spread rumors to alienate Wu's military officials and killed Wu Zixu, and used a beauty trick to kill Wu's husband and wife. Gou Jian's beauty trick is the most powerful. Under the bewilderment of beauty Xishi, Fu Chai went to the end step by step according to the wish and imagination of Yue State. In 482 B.C., the king of Yue took advantage of Fu Chai to join the alliance in Huangchi, and successfully attacked the state of Wu, so the state of Wu had to seek peace. Later, the state of Yue set out again to destroy the state of Wu in 473 BC, and Fu Chai committed suicide.

Historical questions

The story of Gou Jian's death has been spreading all the time. However, some people ask: is there really such a thing as "lying on salary and tasting courage" in history?

In the history of "Dinggong" and "aigong" in Zuozhuan, there are a lot of records about the state affairs of King Gou Jian of Yue, but there is no mention of his sleeping on salary and tasting gall. In Guohua, Wu Yu and Yue Yu record the fighting between Wu and Yue, but there is no description about Gou Jian sleeping on salary and tasting gall. In historical records, the family of Goujian, the king of Yue, only records that Goujian could see the gall hanging in front of his bed, and he could see it sitting and lying down, and he could taste the gall when he ate. Sima Qian believed that Gou Jian had tasted courage, but he didn't mention lying salary.

When does the idiom "sleeping on fuel and tasting gall" appear? Su Shi, a litterateur of the Northern Song Dynasty, wrote a Book of imitating Sun Quan to answer Cao Cao. Su Shi of the Northern Song Dynasty wrote a virtual letter to Cao Cao for Sun Quan of the Three Kingdoms. In the letter, Su Shi used his imagination and joked about Sun Quan's "lying on fuel and tasting gall". This is nothing to do with Gou Jian. In the Southern Song Dynasty, in the legend of Zuo family, Lu Zuqian talked about the king of Wu's errand of "sitting on a firewood and tasting gall". Zhang Pu of the Ming Dynasty said in the spring and Autumn Annals of the kingdoms that the husband's position was to avenge his father's revenge, and he encouraged himself by lying down on fuel and tasting courage. This kind of view raises Fu Chai, does not have Gou Jian what matter.

However, the books of the Southern Song Dynasty repeatedly mentioned the king of Yue, Gou Jian, who lived on the salary and tasted the gall, and Liang Yu's play huanxisha at the end of the Ming Dynasty, also tried his best to exaggerate the heroic deeds of Gou Jian, who lived on the salary and tasted the gall. In his own history, Feng Menglong, a writer in the late Ming Dynasty, also mentioned the story of Gou Jian's suffering from hardships many times.

evolution

There is no agreement on which is right or wrong.

In the spring and Autumn Annals of Wu and Yue, the biography of Gou Jian's return to the state again records that after his return to the state, Wang honed his body and mind and worked hard day and night. At the time of extreme difficulty, "attacking Polygonum". Polygonum is a very bitter dish. If there are too many Polygonum vegetables, it means Polygonum salary. When Gou Jian was sleepy, he used bitter herbs to stimulate his eyes and nose to dispel drowsiness. "Taste the gall" is the bitter taste of the mouth and body, "lie salary" is "lie eyes attack with Polygonum salary", do not close your eyes to sleep. It is a misunderstanding and misrepresentation of the spring and Autumn Annals of Wu and Yue that later generations said "lying down on firewood".

significance

The story of "sleeping on fuel and tasting courage" urges people to forge ahead for thousands of years. If it is false, people of later generations will be embarrassed. If it is true, there are many evidences to refute it. In a word, it's true and false, which makes people confused.

Chinese PinYin : shí nián shēng jù，shí nián jiào xùn