quietism(qīng jìng wú wéi)

quietism

Quiet inaction is also called "pure inaction". In the spring and Autumn period, Taoism was a kind of philosophy and governance. He proposed that the way of heaven is natural inaction, and advocated that the mind is empty and quiet, and that the mind should be quiet and return to nature.

Philosophical thought

brief introduction

In the early Han Dynasty, this political strategy was carried out. Inaction is the most important thought in Taoism. Inaction is one of the core concepts of Taoism. Taoist nature has "the nature of creating nature" and "the nature created by nature". The former is the negation of the latter, and "man-made" negates "nature". But it is also the "self negation" of the same nature, because "man-made" and "creation" are also nature, and even more natural, so it is the "essence" of nature and the real nature. There are two levels in the Taoist concept of "nature", namely, the level of "Inaction" and the level of "action". Only the morality based on free will is the real morality, which is advocated by Taoism.

The philosophy of Tao Te Ching is sober and calm. It is said that one person is right and the world is right. Inaction is not doing nothing, not doing nothing, but not doing ineffective work. What should not be done can't be done, what should be done must be done, and can't be reversed; otherwise, it is against the Tao. There is a poem in the chapter of Mingdao: "the Tao of nature is inaction, if you insist on inaction, there will be action.". He forgets what he says and becomes unconscious. The body and mind are calm, covering the heaven and the earth, and the air is rushing away. If you think about these real tricks, you'll know how many people will know. "

Zhuangzi uses fables to describe the concepts of Tao, real person and so on. The purpose of many chapters in Zhuangzi is to show the lofty realm of the people who have the Tao. From its original meaning, there is nothing wrong. However, this shows us a kind of value: those who have no desire and do nothing are the most free. Then, in the eyes of ordinary readers, inaction has become the means to achieve the highest value. Then, for all of us, we will move closer to the desire and inaction, and deliberately "Inaction". Let things develop freely according to their own inevitability, make them in a natural state in line with the Tao, do not interfere with it, and do not influence the natural process of things with action.

Just as Laozi said, "inaction leads to inaction", this sentence is just to show a phenomenon, that is, inaction leads to inaction. However, if many people interpret it with colored eyes, when "doing nothing" becomes our goal, we should certainly do nothing, but this kind of "should do nothing" is obviously a kind of "deliberate inaction". As a result, a large number of followers of Taoism went astray in nihilism.

history

The early source and one of the main contents of Taoism was formed in the early Western Han Dynasty. At that time, after years of war, the people were in dire straits. In order to restore production and develop economy, the rulers reached a consensus and adopted the Taoist idea of "quiet and inaction" as the policy of governing the country. At that time, the Taoist school was called Huanglao school. The school respected Huangdi and Laozi as its founders. It believed that the rulers' administration should be simple and there should be no more trouble. The premise of the rule was not to disturb the people as much as possible. As long as everything was natural, the people would naturally behave themselves and the society would be stable. The so-called tranquility is originally a Taoist doctrine. According to the Taoist classic Yunji Qiqian, "it is pure to concentrate on the accumulation of spirit and not to be mixed with things. It's called "tranquility" when the spirit is opposed to the spirit. Taoism believes that "Quietness" is the root of Tao. If everything is quiet, "Tao comes to live.". The so-called inaction means that we should obey the natural development and transform ourselves without human influence and intervention. It comes from the saying in Laozi: "Tao always does nothing, but does everything.". Another classic, Chuang Tzu heaven and earth, also said, "the king of Xuangu, there is nothing to do in the world, but the virtue of heaven.". That is to say, we should take inaction and inaction as the basis of gaining the world, Tao and mind, and cultivating immortals. We should emphasize that "inaction is the master, inaction is the teacher, and inaction is as if there is no one. As for inaction", we should advocate that governing the world should be in accordance with the public opinion and recuperate with the people.

On the whole, the so-called "quiet and inaction" is to clear the mind and meditate without coercion.

explain

Tranquility refers to pure and tranquil mind; nowadays, many people mistakenly understand Taoist inaction as the development of all things without intervention. In fact, Taoism's inaction does not mean that it does not seek to make a difference. It only means that everything should be done according to the time of heaven, the nature of the earth, and the heart of man, instead of violating the time of heaven, the nature of the earth, and the heart of man, and acting according to subjective wishes and imagination. Laozi's theory of "Inaction" is often understood as a negative thought by contemporary philosophers and politicians. In fact, it is wrong. From the reflection of the whole philosophy of Tao Te Ching, inaction is actually an act without subjective assumption, and no one does it. It is an act that follows the objective law. In general, inaction is a scientific act, a reasonable act, and therefore a positive act. In fact, "negative" and "positive" in modern vocabulary are both misunderstood by convention. Negative means eliminating paranoia and extremes, which is very right; positive means strengthening paranoia and extremes, which is very wrong. Now that it has been spread by mistake, there is nothing we can do. I only hope that those who study carefully can read here and know that someone has corrected it.

daoist philosophy

To be able to do is to be able to do what Zhuangzi said. To be able to do is to depend on the conditions, change with the changes of the conditions, and come from the combination of the factors. Wuwei means that Chuang Tzu said that there is nothing to be done, no dependence on any conditions, no dependence, no attachment, self rooted, self dominated, not changing with the change of conditions, eternal and true, perfect and carefree. Because everything can be transcended. Beyond everything, it is impossible to wait!

Surpass me and know that I am the only one. Beyond life and death, Chuang Tzu will sing in a drum. Beyond all living beings, Chuang Tzu knew that Yule could be a butterfly, and the butterfly could be him. Beyond me, Liezi can resist the wind! Only by taking advantage of the justice of heaven and earth, can we resist the debate of six Qi and travel to infinity.

The origin of nouns

Inaction is an important concept in Tao Te Ching. The "Inaction" advocated by Taoism is a great wisdom of survival, not the ultimate goal.

"Seven signs of Yunji" points out: "if you want to do nothing, you should avoid harm first. Who? They should be far away from suspicion, far away from villains, far away from acquirement and far away from action; they should be cautious in eating, speaking, dealing and fighting. We should always think about our faults and change from good to good. They can also communicate with astronomy, geography, personnel, ghosts and gods, timing and numbers. If it is, it is equal to the sage and the heaven.

Taoism's "Inaction" is not passive avoidance, but should study hard, be positive and enterprising, be familiar with nature and society, and be good at dealing with interpersonal relationships.

Therefore, "Inaction" is not inaction, nothing to do; but should act according to the "way", life, we must abandon the act of recklessness, far disaster cautious, the pursuit of simple and frugal, quiet and less desire realm.

idiom

Interpretation of Taoist language. In the spring and Autumn period, Taoism was a kind of philosophy and governance.

It comes from Jia Zhi's Ode to Zhuzi's humble stele in Tang Dynasty: "Mingqin soup, Zhuzi's hall, quiet and inaction, people in the city are healthy."

Chinese PinYin : qīng jìng wú wéi