palming off substitute for the real thing(lǐ dài táo jiāng)

palming off substitute for the real thing

Li daitaojiang, a Chinese idiom, Pinyin is l à D à it á Oji à ng, which means that Li Shu died instead of the peach tree. Originally it means brothers love and help each other, but later it is used to refer to the strategy of substituting for others or suffering for others. In military strategy, one of the Thirty-six Strategies refers to the strategy of exchanging a small price for a big victory when the enemy and I are equally powerful, or the enemy is superior or inferior. It's very similar "Sheche baoshuai" tactics in chess. It comes from the collection of Yuefu Poems · Jiming by Guo Maoqian of the Northern Song Dynasty.

meaning

Stiff: dead. The plum tree died instead of the peach tree. The original metaphor is that brothers love each other and help each other. In Yuefu Poetry Anthology Xianghe geci 3. Jiming: "the peach is on the open well, the plum tree is beside the peach, insects gnaw at the root of the peach, and the plum tree is stiff instead of the peach. The trees replace each other, and the brothers forget each other! " It is said that peach and plum can share weal and woe, but brothers should share weal and woe. In the Qing Dynasty, Huang Zunxian wrote the poem "Zhi Fen Hui sighs for his colleagues, Li Dai Tao Jiang weeps for his brothers."

Extension

This is a metaphor to replace others or others. The old title of Chen Jiru's true puppet said, "in ancient history books, how many Li Daitao are dead." Qian Qianyi of the Qing Dynasty wrote in Jiaxing Gao's family biography that "when the palace collapsed, the emperor used (Huang Yong) to make amends, and Li Daitao was stiff." Li Daitao is stiff, sheep die easily. (Ling Mengchu, Ming Dynasty)

history

Thirty six strategies

Li Dai Tao Jiang is selected from 36 stratagems, 36 stratagems, or 36 stratagems. It refers to 36 military tactics in ancient China. It originated from the southern and Northern Dynasties and was written in the Ming and Qing Dynasties. It is a Book of war based on the excellent military thought and rich struggle experience in ancient China. It is one of the long cultural heritages of the Chinese nation. "Thirty six stratagems" was written before the year of the book, and its etymology can be traced back to tan Daoji, the general of the Song Dynasty in the Southern Dynasty? In 436 AD), according to the biography of Wang Jingze in the book of the Southern Qi Dynasty, "the Thirty-six Strategies of Tan Gong are the best. Your father and son should only listen." It means that the defeat is certain and irreparable. Only to retreat is the best policy. In Song Dynasty Huihong's lengzhaiyehua: "thirty six stratagems, walking is the best stratagem.". At the end of Ming Dynasty and the beginning of Qing Dynasty, more people quoted it. So people with a heart collected books and compiled "thirty six stratagems". However, it is difficult to know when and who wrote this book. the original book is divided into six sets according to its title, namely, victory plan, enemy plan, attack plan, melee plan, merge plan and defeat plan. The first three sets are used for advantages, and the last three sets are used for disadvantages. Each set contains six pieces, a total of 36 pieces. The explanation after the name of each plan is based on the change of yin and Yang in the book of changes and the transformation of the antagonistic relations between the ancient strategists, such as hardness and softness, Qi Zheng, attack and defense, self, virtual reality, subject and object, which contains the elements of simple military dialectics. The notes after the explanation mostly cite the war cases before the Song Dynasty and the brilliant sentences of Sun Wu, Wu Qi, Wei Liaozi and other strategists. There are also general remarks and postscripts in the book. Thirty six stratagems are the summary of ancient Chinese strategists' stratagems and the precious heritage of military strategy. In order to facilitate people to memorize these thirty-six stratagems, a scholar composed a poem in order: Jin Yu Tan Gong CE, in order to catch robbers, fish and snakes laughing in the sea, sheep, tiger, peach and mulberry separated, trees dark away, empty cauldron, beautiful corpses on the roof, attacking Wei Lian and Guo.

analysis

There are many situations when the two armies confront each other, in which the enemy is superior to us or the enemy is equal in strength. If the commander's subjective guidance is correct, he can often turn a disadvantage into an advantage. The story of Sun Bin's horse racing is well known to everyone. When Tian Ji's horse was not as good as his opponent's, he still won 2-1. However, this method should not be applied mechanically. During the Warring States period, the left army of the Wei army was the strongest, followed by the middle army, and the right army was the weakest. Qi general Tian Ji is going to follow Sun Bin's horse racing plan, but Sun Bin thinks it is impossible. He said that this battle is not about two victories and one defeat. Instead, we should wipe out the enemy in large numbers. Therefore, the left army with the strongest force against the enemy, the middle army with the most powerful force against the middle army, and the right army with the weakest force against the enemy with the strongest force. Although the Qi army suffered partial defeat, the enemy's left army and central army had been restrained, and the right army was soon defeated. Tian Ji immediately commanded his superior army to take advantage of the victory and join forces with the Chinese army to defeat the enemy's Chinese army. After winning, the three armed forces attacked together to defeat the enemy's strongest left army. In this way, the Qi army gained an overall advantage and finally won. Li Daitao's rigidity is to seek advantages and avoid disadvantages. His command skill is to be able to "settle accounts". The ancients said: "the two benefits should be taken seriously, while the two harms should be balanced and taken lightly." It is worthwhile to exchange a small loss for a big victory. the peach tree is going to suffer. Li Shu will replace the peach tree. The peach tree will live and the plum tree will die, which is called "Li Dai Tao Jiang". This is a metaphor used to summarize all kinds of phenomena or practices to replace suffering and suffering. When fighting on the battlefield, strategists often sacrifice parts to preserve the whole, or sacrifice small groups of troops to preserve their strength in order to win the final victory. This is a "Li Dai Tao Jiang" method. At the present time of great calamity, taking the initiative to stand up and suffer on behalf of others is also a kind of rigid method. In history, there are many such deeds. Of course, the absurdity of the ruler's cutting off the head of the generation and the despicable behavior of the villains who commit crimes to catch the scapegoat coexist with high moral integrity. It can be seen everywhere in history, literature and reality. in the modern business activities of making money, operators should not be seduced by small profits or influenced by small harms, but should analyze and compare the advantages and disadvantages of the overall situation, strive for the main advantages and do not have to give up every step, and the wise operators will "retreat to advance" to achieve their own purpose of making money.

original text

It is bound to damage Yin and benefit Yang.

notes

① Damage Yin to benefit Yang: here refers to the temporary, partial sacrifice as the price, in exchange for long-term, overall victory. Yin, here refers to local. Yang, here refers to the overall situation.

translation

When the situation develops to the point where there is bound to be some loss, we should sacrifice the part for the overall victory.

Comic board

This idiom comes from "Yuefu Poetry Anthology. Xianghe songs. Jiming": the peach is exposed on the well, the plum is next to the peach, the insect comes to bite the peach root, and the plum is stiff instead of the peach. The trees replace each other, and the brothers forget each other!

explain

Li Shu died on behalf of the peach tree. It means brothers love each other and share weal and woe. It's also a metaphor to replace others or others. This is a good educational theme. During the reign of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, there was an organization called Yuefu, which collected songs from all over the country and compiled music scores. Later, the poems collected and compiled by this organization were called "Yuefu Poems". Later generations divided Yuefu Poems into twelve categories, among which Xianghe yuegeci was originally a folk ballad. In this poem, there is a famous article "crowing of chickens", which tells the ups and downs of the Han Dynasty's famous families. at that time, the society was peaceful and prosperous, but it was a strange phenomenon. Once a person of humble origin gained power, he immediately became a royal relative. However, they have to be killed by the sword. it is said that there are five brothers, all of whom are loafers and loafers. By chance, they are appreciated by the emperor and become shizhonglang. Since then, their lives have undergone earth shaking changes, and they have become the home of the bell. In the first place of the house, the golden carved Pavilion door, the glazed yellow tiles on the roof, the flying Pavilion and the red attic road are like flying in the sky, like the residence of a fairy. There are all kinds of exquisite wine bottles in the hall. They can revel all night, and when they are drunk, there are beautiful female musicians. In the pond of the back garden, thirty-six pairs of mandarin ducks are flirting with each other. later, some of the five brothers committed a crime, and once they became prisoners, they had to be punished. At this time, the other brothers sweep the snow in front of their own house, and they don't care about their brotherhood. They fight each other and are ugly. For this reason, there is a ballad among the people: "five brothers, all of them are shizhonglang. When they come here for a while on the fifth day, they are full of visitors on the roadside. The golden net horse head, what Huang Huang. Taosheng is exposed to the well, while Lishu is next to Taosheng. Insects come to gnaw at peaches. The trees replace each other, and the brothers forget each other! " People sigh that peach trees and plum trees by the well depend on each other for companionship. When insects eat peach trees, plum trees often wither and die on behalf of peach trees. Li shushang was able to remind them that their brotherhood was not as good as Li Shu!

Notes

We have different feelings for the enemy. It's hard to win a war completely, and the key to success lies in the comparison between the long and the short. For example, the following Si is the enemy of Shangsi, the upper Si is the enemy of Zhongsi, and the middle Si is the enemy of Xiasi. Then the chengbingjia's unique intrigue is very reasonable and predictable.

Historical allusions

In the spring and Autumn period, tu'anjia, a treacherous Minister of the state of Jin, encouraged the Duke of Jin to destroy the Zhao family who had made great contributions to the state of Jin. Tu an Jia led 3000 people to encircle the Zhao family, killing all the members of the Zhao family. Fortunately, Zhao Shuo's wife, Princess Zhuang Ji, had been secretly sent to the Jin palace before the incident. After hearing the news, tu'an Jia wanted to kill the princess. The Duke of Jin Jing was not willing to kill Princess Zhuang Ji because of his love for his aunt and nephew. At this time, Princess Zhuang Ji was pregnant. Tu'an Jia saw that Jin Jinggong didn't kill her, so he planned to kill the baby. When the princess gave birth to a baby boy, tu'anjia personally led people into the palace to search, but Han Jue, a loyal minister of the state of Jin, asked one of his confidants to disguise himself as a doctor to go to the palace to see the princess. He secretly took the baby out of the palace with a medicine box to avoid the search. Tu Anjia estimated that the baby had been smuggled out of the office and offered a reward immediately. Gongsun Chujiu, a loyal disciple of the Zhao family, talks with Cheng Ying about how to save the orphan: if you can exchange an infant with the Zhao orphan, I will take the infant to Shouyang mountain, and you will go to tell the truth. Only when the butcher finds the fake Zhao orphan, will he stop the search, and Zhao's blood will flow

Chinese PinYin : lǐ dài táo jiāng