Empty city plan(kōng chéng jì)

Empty city plan

The most famous story of empty city is taken from the romance of the Three Kingdoms, which is adapted from Pei Songzhi's annotation of "tiaoliang five events" in the annals of the Three Kingdoms. Later, it was used in the thirty-six stratagems, which means that there is no ordinary situation in war. The strategy of suspecting the enemy by showing the enemy's weakness is a kind of psychological warfare in which doubts arise. It is often used when the enemy is strong but the enemy is weak. There are some successful examples in history, such as Zhang shougui guarding Guazhou and so on.

Idiom information

interpretation

Explanation refers to the clever strategy of covering up emptiness and cheating the other party in a critical situation. It is a metaphor to cover up one's own lack of strength in order to confuse or retreat the other. Sometimes it has a derogatory meaning. used as an object; refers to deceiving an opponent. you can't always use "empty city stratagem"; this "empty city stratagem" sometimes fails. In Chapter 95 of the romance of the Three Kingdoms by Luo Guanzhong of Ming Dynasty: "if the Wei soldiers arrive, don't move without permission, I have my own plan." Kongming is wearing crane cloak, wearing a Lun towel, waving a feather fan, leading two children to carry a piano, sitting in front of the enemy building in the city, sitting by fence, burning incense and playing piano, and singing songs. "

Citation

There are many historical records about the fact that when the enemy is numerous and we are few, they deliberately show others that they do not set up military equipment, which leads to the illusion of the enemy and frightens them away. But it's not limited to guarding the city. According to the third event in Guo Chong's five events of Zhuge Liang, the ninth chapter of the romance of the Three Kingdoms was rendered by Luo Guanzhong in the Ming Dynasty. The plot is that the Street Pavilion is lost, and Sima Yi's army is approaching the west city. Zhuge Liang has no troops to defend the enemy, but he opens the city gate and plays piano in the city tower. Sima Yi suspects that there is an ambush, so he withdraws. Later, "empty city strategy" generally refers to the strategy of covering up the emptiness of one's own strength and confusing the other. Chapter 7 of Guo Moruo's before and after anyway: "what machine guns are there in the lobby? What is even more empty than Zhuge Liang's "empty city plan" is that none of the old soldiers and the remnant soldiers can be seen Mao Dun's midnight 16: "Zhou Zhongwei, like Zhuge Liang in the empty city plan, laughs back the eight representatives." "Xiehouyu" ZHUGE Liang plays the piano --- with his heart in his heart; Kong Ming plays the empty city plan --- to save himself from danger; empty city plan retreats the enemy --- to turn defeat into victory; Zhuge Liang sings the empty city plan --- urgent measures.

allusion

In the romance of the Three Kingdoms, Wei sent Sima Yi to attack the Street Pavilion of Shu, but Zhuge Liang failed to send Ma Su to garrison. Sima Yi led his troops to the west city. Zhuge Liang had no troops to meet the enemy, but he was calm and calm. He opened the city gate and sang on the tower. Sima Yi suspected that there was an ambush and led the troops back. In fact, it's just a short story made up in Guo Chong's notes. Sima Yi was far away in Luoyang during the battle of Jieting. After conquering Mengda, he returned to Wancheng and was thousands of miles away from the place where it happened. Zhang Ying was fighting Zhuge Liang. When Kong Ming saw the defeat of Jieting, he quickly withdrew to Hanzhong. Therefore, the event itself is fictional. (at that time, some people questioned: if Sima Yi really got such an opportunity, wouldn't it be over if he was surrounded by more than 100000 troops under his command? Send some sharpshooters to shoot Zhuge Liang, or send a small team to fire for reconnaissance, and you can immediately break Zhuge Liang's trick. Sima Yi, who has been calculating all the time, is not so stupid and timid as to "turn around and run." Another point of view is that this is a story adapted by the author according to Pei Songzhi's annotation of "three events of Guo Chong" in the annals of the Three Kingdoms, but "three events of Guo Chong" does not show that Zhuge Liang used empty city stratagem in the war of Jieting. It is really wrong to deny "three events of Guo Chong" by taking Sima Yi's location in the war of Jieting. In addition, there are some successful examples of using empty city stratagem in history. If the doubts about "marksman" and "firepower reconnaissance" are true, then the empty city stratagem of other people in history can not be established? Therefore, it is not appropriate to blindly deny the authenticity of "Guo Chong San Shi".

Thirty six strategies

The 32nd stratagem in the thirty six stratagems, empty city stratagem, refers to the fact that when the enemy is numerous and we are few, we are short of military equipment and deliberately signal people not to set up military equipment, which leads to the enemy's illusion and frightens the enemy away. The latter refers to the strategy of covering up one's own emptiness and confusing the other. It is a Book of war based on China's ancient excellent military thought and rich experience of struggle. It is one of the long-standing cultural heritages of the Chinese nation. the original text: the void is void, and doubts arise in doubts; when it is hard and soft, it is strange and complex. Note: 1. Emptiness is emptiness, and doubts arise in doubt: the first "emptiness" is a noun, which means emptiness; the second "emptiness" is a verb, which means emptiness. Let it be empty when it is empty, which makes him more confused in his doubts. (2) when it's hard and soft: it comes from the hexagram of the book of changes. Solution, hexagram name. This hexagram is a superposition of different hexagrams. The upper hexagram is earthquake, the lower hexagram is thunder, the lower hexagram is ridge, and the lower hexagram is rain. Thunder and rain, clean up the universe, everything updates, everything sprouts, so the hexagram is called solution. Solution, difficult to remove the risk, ease the material situation. On the sixth day of this hexagram, the poem "Xiang" says that "when it is hard and soft, there is no blame for righteousness", which makes the hard and soft meet each other without disaster. this strategy uses this image theory, which means that the enemy and I meet and fight each other. Using this strategy can produce wonderful and strange effects.

analysis

This Chinese story tells two more stories. Zhang shougui took over Wang junhuan, who died in the war, and was building the city wall when the enemy soldiers suddenly attacked him. There was no defensive equipment in the city, and everyone panicked. Shougui said: "the enemy is numerous, and we are just after the destruction of the city. It is not right to use stones and bows and arrows to retreat from the enemy. We should use tactics." He asked the soldiers to sit on the city with him, drinking and playing music, as if nothing had happened. The enemy suspected that the city was ready, so they had to retreat. Qi zuci also used a similar method to withdraw his troops. His method was more than Zhang shougui's: when the bandits thought that the city was empty and there was no guard, they suddenly ordered the soldiers to shout out, which made the bandits confused and had to withdraw. it's just a matter of fact. There's no common situation in war, and there's no limit to change. When the enemy takes advantage of our weakness, psychological warfare should be launched. We must fully grasp the other coach's psychological and personality characteristics, must not easily out of this dangerous move. Moreover, in most cases, this plan can only be used as a means to slow down the war and prevent the enemy from making a comeback. Therefore, we must also have the strength to confront the enemy. To save a dangerous situation, we must rely on our real strength.

source

"Empty city plan" is selected from "thirty six plans", "thirty six plans" or "thirty six strategies", which refers to the thirty-six military strategies in ancient China. Its language originated from the northern and Southern Dynasties and was written in the Ming and Qing Dynasties. It is a Book of war based on the excellent military thought and rich struggle experience in ancient China. It is one of the long cultural heritages of the Chinese nation. "Thirty six stratagems" was written before the year of the book, and its etymology can be traced back to tan Daoji, the general of the Song Dynasty in the Southern Dynasty? In 436 AD), according to the biography of Wang Jingze in the book of the Southern Qi Dynasty, "the Thirty-six Strategies of Tan Gong are the best. Your father and son should only listen." It means that the defeat is certain and irreparable. Only to retreat is the best policy. In Song Dynasty Huihong's lengzhaiyehua: "thirty six stratagems, walking is the best stratagem.". At the end of Ming Dynasty and the beginning of Qing Dynasty, more people quoted it. So people with a heart collected books and compiled "thirty six stratagems". However, it is difficult to know when and who wrote this book. the original book is divided into six sets according to its title, namely, victory plan, enemy plan, attack plan, melee plan, merge plan and defeat plan. The first three sets are used for advantages, and the last three sets are used for disadvantages. Each set contains six pieces, a total of 36 pieces. The explanation after the name of each plan is based on the change of yin and Yang in the book of changes and the transformation of the antagonistic relations between the ancient strategists, such as hardness and softness, Qi Zheng, attack and defense, self, virtual reality, subject and object, which contains the elements of simple military dialectics. The notes after the explanation mostly cite the war cases before the Song Dynasty and the brilliant sentences of Sun Wu, Wu Qi, Wei Liaozi and other strategists. There are also general remarks and postscripts in the book. Thirty six stratagems are the summary of ancient Chinese strategists' stratagems and the precious heritage of military strategy. In order to facilitate people to memorize these thirty-six stratagems, a scholar composed a poem in order: Jin Yu Tan Gong CE, in order to catch robbers, fish and snakes laughing in the sea, sheep, tiger, peach and mulberry separated, trees dark away, empty cauldron, beautiful corpses on the roof, attacking Wei Lian and Guo. Empty city stratagem is a kind of passive action of passive combat. When the party with empty strength and being forced to go to the end due to unexpected pressure adopts this move, the purpose is to try to muddle through or avoid greater losses. Because this plan has great uncertainty and risk, and many initiative and opportunities are still in the hands of the other party, it is not suitable to use the empty city plan when it is absolutely impossible. At the same time, this plan should not be used repeatedly. in actual strategy, risk often coexists with opportunity, interest and success. "If you don't go into the tiger's den, you will get the tiger's son." the magic of empty city strategy is that you should be good at correctly and timely grasping the strategic background, psychological state and personality characteristics of the other party, and use strange strategies to solve your own crisis according to time, place and person. During the Three Kingdoms period, the reason why Zhuge Liang boldly retreated from the enemy with "empty city" was that he could accurately feel Sima Yi's cautious, suspicious and guilty state of mind, and Zhuge Liang's unique and strange way of thinking made him successfully resolve the temporary crisis.

case

It's a kind of psychological warfare. When our own side is unable to defend the city, we deliberately expose the emptiness of our city to the enemy, which is the so-called "the real is the real, the empty is the empty". When the enemy has doubts, he will hesitate even more, which is the so-called "doubt in doubt". The enemy is afraid of ambush in the city and of being trapped in an ambush circle. But this is a dangerously dangerous strategy. The key to using this meter,

Chinese PinYin : kōng chéng jì