descendants of royal families(jīn zhī yù yè)

descendants of royal families

This entry is reviewed by the project of "science popularization China" science encyclopedia entry compilation and application.

Purslane tree (Latin: portulacaria afra), that is: Jinzhiyuye, is a perennial succulent evergreen shrub of purslane family. Its stem is succulent, purple brown to light brown, and its branches are nearly horizontal. Its new branches are purple red under the condition of sufficient sunlight. If the light is insufficient, it is green.

morphological character

Herbs perennial, glabrous. Stem prostrate or reclining, spreading on the ground, much branched, cylindrical, 10-15 cm long, light green or dark red. Leaves alternate, sometimes subopposite, flat, thick, obovate, equidentate, 1-3cm long, 0.6-1.5cm wide, apex obtuse or truncate, sometimes slightly concave, base cuneate, entire, dark green above, light green or dark red below, midrib slightly raised; petiole stout and short. Flowers sessile, 4-5 mm in diameter, often 3-5 clustered, branch ends in full bloom at noon; bracts 2-6, leaflike, membranous, subwhorled; sepals 2, opposite, green, galeate, left-right compressed, ca. 4 mm long, apex acute, dorsal carinate, base connate; petals 5, sparse 4, yellow, obovate, 3-5 mm long, apex concave, base connate; stamens usually 8, or more, Anthers yellow; ovary glabrous, style slightly longer than stamens, stigma 4-6-lobed, linear. Capsule ovoid, ca. 5 mm long, calyptosis; seeds small, numerous, oblique globose, dark brown, glossy, less than 1 mm in diameter, verrucose. The flowering period is from May to August, and the fruiting period is from June to September.

Growth environment

Yuye is native to South Africa. It likes warm, dry and sunny environment. It is resistant to drought and semi shade, but not waterlogging. Although it can also grow in the shade, the distance between the stem nodes will become longer, and the leaves will be large and thin with no luster, which will affect the ornamental. In summer, when the temperature is high, it can be properly shaded to prevent the sun exposure, and pay attention to ventilation. During the growing period, the watering should be done as "no drying, no watering, and watering thoroughly", so as to avoid water accumulation in the basin soil, otherwise it will cause rotten roots. Apply the decomposed thin liquid fertilizer every 15 to 20 days. Because of its strong sprouting power, it should be pruned and smeared regularly to keep the beautiful shape of the tree. In winter, it should be placed in a sunny place indoors, stop fertilization and control watering. The best temperature is above 10 ℃. Although the plant will not die at about 5 ℃, a large number of leaves will fall off. Every two to three years, the basin soil can be turned into sandy soil with medium fertility and good drainage and air permeability. When turning the pot, the plants should be re sheared once, the weak branches and other branches that affect the tree shape should be cut off, and part of the root system should be cut off, 1 / 2 to 1 / 3 of the original soil should be removed, and the new culture soil should be used for replanting.

cultivation techniques

A variety selection

There are two varieties in production. One is wild Portulaca oleracea, with short plant, creeping growth, strong adaptability, disease resistance and growth potential, but small leaves, low yield, sour taste and poor quality; the other is vegetable Portulaca oleracea, with tall plant, erect or semi erect stem, strong growth potential, large leaves, high yield, little sour taste and good quality, but its low temperature tolerance is not as good as wild Portulaca oleracea.

2. Soil preparation and fertilization

Apply 2000-3000 kg of high-quality farmyard manure and 50 kg of phosphate fertilizer at the bottom of each mu, irrigate enough soil moisture, plough 15-20 cm, and rake to make 1-1.2 m wide border.

Three sowing

1. Sowing time Portulaca oleracea can be planted from spring to autumn. The quality of spring sowing is tender. Sowing in summer and autumn is easy to blossom and the quality is coarse and old. Generally, it can be sown from February to August. If it is cultivated in protected land (plastic shed, plastic film, greenhouse), there is no strict sowing time limit. 2. Sowing method: level the border surface, open a ditch with a distance of 23 cm on the border surface by taking advantage of soil moisture, and the depth of the ditch is 1 cm. Mix the seeds with 5-10 times of fine sand, evenly spread them in the ditch, and gently cover the seeds. 500-700g seeds per mu.

4. Post broadcast management

When the temperature is high and the soil moisture is suitable, the seedlings can emerge 2-4 days after sowing. The growth of Portulaca oleracea seedlings is slow, so we should pay attention to the elimination of weeds. After 20 days of emergence, when the height of seedlings is 15 cm, the spacing between seedlings is 10 cm. After thinning, fertilizer should be applied once, ammonium nitrate 15 kg per mu, which should be applied with watering.

5. Field management

Although Portulaca oleracea has strong adaptability, it grows better when water and fertilizer are sufficient, and it has good commercial characteristics of fresh, tender and green. Therefore, it is necessary to supplement water and fertilizer in time during the vegetative growth period. During the growth period, after each harvest, apply fertilizer once, 300 times urea water, about 5 kg per mu, with water, watering 2-3 times. Pay attention to weeding during growth. Portulaca oleracea is a perennial plant. It begins to bud and bloom in June every year. In order to maintain its yield and quality, the top bud should be removed in time to promote the emergence of new branches.

Vi. pest control

Portulaca oleracea has strong resistance and few diseases and insect pests. The main pests are snails, which can be controlled by spreading quicklime in the morning, generally 0.3-0.6 kg / mu. The main diseases of Portulaca oleracea are virus disease, powdery mildew and leaf spot. The control effect of 1:1:50 sweet and sour solution on virus disease is more than 80%; powdery mildew is often controlled by 800-1000 times of tolbutine methyl and Triadimefon; leaf spot is controlled by chlorothalonil, carbendazim and prochloraz.

7. Harvesting and seed reservation

Portulaca oleracea was sown at one time and harvested many times, and no medicine was applied 30 days before harvest to improve its quality. It should be picked before flowering to keep the stem and leaf fresh and tender, and the newly grown leaflet is the best edible part. The top of tender stem can be pinched continuously and harvested in batches. In order to prolong the vegetative growth and increase the yield of purslane, it is necessary to select large plants and keep small ones. The seeds of purslane mature 15-20 days after flowering. In order to prevent the seeds from cracking naturally and scattering, the seeds should be collected about 10 days after flowering, that is, when the capsule is yellow. The whole plant of Portulaca oleracea was cut and packed in a sealed plastic bag. The harvested plants were spread out in time for 5-7 days, and the seeds were shaken off by several times, then cleaned and stored after drying.

Value application

Portulaca oleracea is a kind of medicinal and edible plant. It used to be an edible wild vegetable. In the past, it was often used as disaster relief food. According to the ancient Chinese medicine Pharmacopoeia, purslane is cold in nature, sour in taste and non-toxic. It enters the liver, spleen and large intestine. It has the functions of soothing liver and regulating qi, strengthening spleen and stomach, moistening intestine and detoxifying. Traditional Chinese medicine believes that purslane's medicinal functions are mainly manifested in clearing heat of heart, liver, lung and large intestine; clearing fire, detoxification and heat; cooling blood, reducing liver fire and clearing stomach fire. Portulaca oleracea is a kind of intestinal cleanser, the first choice for all kinds of intestinal diseases, and its biggest effect is to treat the diseases of large intestine meridian. It can not only detoxify, but also eliminate inflammation and heat. It can basically treat intestinal diseases which belong to fever. People also use purslane to treat diarrhea, dysentery and other gastrointestinal diseases. Portulaca oleracea is also called longevity vegetable, which is largely due to its hepatoprotective effect. It contains a kind of fatty acid, which can reduce cholesterol and triglyceride, and prevent cardiovascular disease. Some people's eyes will be red after staying up late, which is the performance of exuberant liver fire and upward rush. Eating purslane can improve and improve the eyesight. Folk doctors say that "purslane can turn white hair green". To deal with "less white head", the curative effect of taking kidney tonifying drugs is not as direct and effective as eating more purslane. Purslane's detoxification effect not only goes through the blood, but also through the skin. To deal with "skin disease", you can mash the fresh purslane and apply it to the affected area, or take a bath with dry purslane boiling water. Both of them are very good methods, and the curative effect is remarkable. To deal with hemorrhoids and rashes, we can take both internal and external application. Portulaca oleracea almost all over the body is treasure, no obvious side effects, but some people are not suitable to eat. First of all, Portulaca oleracea is a kind of cold food, which has the effect of sliding fetus, so pregnant women can't eat it to prevent abortion. Secondly, eating too much purslane will lead to hand and foot paralysis, nausea. People with weak constitution and deficiency of spleen and stomach should eat less. Abdominal cold (stomach cold) caused by diarrhea, this time can not eat. In addition, Portulaca and carapace, take Chinese medicine, if there is carapace in the prescription can not eat.

Artificial cultivation

(1) There are two ways of propagation of Portulaca oleracea, the main is seed propagation, followed by asexual propagation. The seeds of Portulaca oleracea L. are black and small in size. The weight of 1000 seeds is 2-3 g. the seed is about 100 g per mu (1 mu = 667 m2, the same below). The seed reproduction is convenient for large-scale production. Asexual propagation is feasible, but not commonly used. (2) in the cultivation season, purslane is sown in the middle and last ten days of April every year. If it is planted in protected field, it can be sown in early April, and the peak growth period is from June to August. When the temperature exceeds 20 ℃, the seeds can be sown at any time, sown by stages and put on the market by stages. (3) the seed of Portulaca oleracea is small, so it is necessary to prepare the soil carefully, and the best way is to drill. Each mu was fertilized with 2000 kg of rotten manure, ploughed to a depth of 15 cm, and the soil was broken to make the border flat, loose, soft and fine. The width of the border was 1 m, and the width of the ditch was 40 cm. Two shallow furrows with a width of 21-24 cm were opened on the border surface for drilling. in order to make the sowing density uniform, add 100 times of the weight of the seed into the seeds for sowing. Because the seeds are easy to fall into the soil pores, it is only necessary to rake the topsoil lightly after sowing, and there is no need to cover the soil again. If the soil is dry, use the watering pot to wet the border slightly. when the height of seedlings is about 15 cm, begin to pluck seedlings for feeding, keep the plant spacing at 9-10 cm, and let other seedlings continue to grow. About one month after sowing, when the plant height is more than 25 cm, it is officially harvested. Generally, the yield per seedling is 35 ~ 40g. 2-3 main stems should be reserved at the root of the plant during harvesting, and then the main stem should be harvested

Chinese PinYin : jīn zhī yù yè