Although we reside in far corners of the world, having a good friend is akin to having a good neighbor.(hǎi nèi cún zhī jǐ，tiān yá ruò bǐ lín)

Send Du Shaofu to Shuzhou

The synonym of "friend in the sea" refers to "sending Du Shaofu to be in Shuzhou" which is the work of Tang Dynasty poet Wang Bo. This poem is to comfort friends not to grieve when they leave. The first couplet depicts the situation and style of the place of farewell and the place of departure of friends, implying the feeling of farewell and making a strict confrontation; the chin couplet, as a consolation, points out the inevitability of parting, inherits the prose and tunes, and turns the reality into emptiness, with ups and downs of literary feelings; the neck couplet, with its unique peaks, highly summarizes the scene of "deep friendship, hard to resist" and sublimates the friendship to a higher aesthetic realm; the tail couplet, with its unique characteristics, points out“ The theme of "sending" is also the expression of one's feelings. The poem is a classic of farewell poems. It has only 40 words, but it is full of maneuvers and changes. It seems that on a small picture, it contains countless hills and valleys, and has endless scenery. It has been widely spread so far.

Original works

Send Du Shaofu to Shuzhou, assist Sanqin and Wujin. He is an official traveler. There is a bosom friend in the sea. Wuwei is on the wrong side of the road.

Note translation

Notes on words and sentences

(1) Shaofu: official name. Zhi: to and to. Shuzhou: Chongzhou, Sichuan. (2) city que (Qu è) auxiliary Sanqin: City que, namely city tower, refers to Chang'an City, the capital of Tang Dynasty. Auxiliary, guard. SANQIN refers to the Guanzhong area near Chang'an City, which is to the west of Tongguan in Shaanxi Province. At the end of the Qin Dynasty, Xiang Yu broke the Qin Dynasty and divided Guanzhong into three districts, which were granted to the three demoted generals of the Qin state. This is an inverted sentence, which means that the capital of Chang'an is protected by the Sanqin. Wujin: refers to the five ferries of Minjiang River, baihuajin, wanlijin, jiangshoujin, shetoujin and Jiangnan. It refers to Sichuan in general. Fu Sanqin: one is "Fu Xiqin". (3) Fengyan wangwujin: "Fengyan" is used as an adverbial to indicate the place of action. The whole sentence means that the riverside looks confused because of the distance, which means that in the wind and smoke, you can see Shu state from afar. (4) a respectful name for a person is equivalent to "you". (5) the same: all in one. Official travel: going out to be an official. (6) within the sea: within the four seas, that is, all parts of the country. Ancient people believed that China's territory was surrounded by the sea, so it was called the world within the four seas. (7) Tianya: Tianbian, a place far away. Neighbor: parallel neighbor, neighbor. (8) inaction: no need, no need. Q í Road: a fork in the road. The ancients often bid farewell at the fork of the road. (9) wipes: wet clothes and belts with tears. It means to say goodbye in tears.

Vernacular translation

The majestic Chang'an city is protected by the land of the three Qin Dynasty, and looks at Wujin through the clouds and smoke. Parting with you, I have boundless affection in my heart, because we are both floating and sinking in the official sea. As long as there is a confidant like you in the world, even if you are far away, you will be near. never break up at a fork in the road with tears like a little child.

Creative background

"Send Du Shaofu to Shuzhou" was written by the author when he was in Chang'an. "Shaofu" is the general name of county magistrate in Tang Dynasty. The young man surnamed Du will go to Sichuan to be an official. Wang Bo will see him off in Chang'an. He will present this farewell poem to him when he leaves.

Appreciation of works

Overall appreciation

This poem is a famous farewell poem. It is a poetic consolation not to grieve at the time of parting. The three or four sentences are based on the combination of prose and tonality, while the real one turns to the virtual one. The third couplet "friends in the sea, if the ends of the world are close to each other", with Qifeng protruding, highly summarizes the scene of "deep friendship, rivers and mountains are difficult to resist", and the last couplet points out the theme of "sending". The whole poem is full of ups and downs, circulation and broad-minded mood. The sad and pathetic spirit in the farewell poems is bright in tone, fresh in language and unique in content. This poem washes away the sad and lingering state in the farewell poems of the past, and reflects the poet's lofty ambition, open-minded interest and broad-minded mind. "the city is supported by the Sanqin Dynasty, and the wind and smoke look at Wujin.". "Que" is the watchtower in front of the palace. "Chengque" refers to Chang'an City, the capital of the Tang Dynasty. "Sanqin" refers to the Guanzhong area near Chang'an. At the end of the Qin Dynasty, Xiang Yu once divided this area into three kingdoms, so later generations called it the land of the three Qin Dynasties. "Auxiliary", auxiliary, can be understood as a guard. "Auxiliary Sanqin" means "auxiliary Sanqin". The vast wilderness around Guanzhong is guarding Chang'an city. This sentence is about the place to send off. "Fengyanwang Wujin". "Wujin" refers to the five ferries of Minjiang River from Guanxian to Qianwei in Sichuan Province. From afar, we can see the boundless wind and dust in Sichuan. This sentence is about where Du Shaofu is going. Because a friend is going to Sichuan from Chang'an, the two places naturally have a connection in the poet's feelings. The beginning of the poem does not say goodbye, but only describes the situation and style of the two places. The feeling of farewell is in it. As a poet in Chang'an, even the land of the three Qin Dynasties is hard to see at a glance, and Wujin is impossible to see thousands of miles away. Beyond the reach of ordinary people's eyesight, we can see the world with imaginative eyes, "the water of the Yellow River comes up from the sky and runs to the sea without returning", and we can see the East China Sea from the source of the river. From the Three Gorges to Chang'an, we can see that "Qutang gorge is located at the head of Qujiang River, and the wind and smoke of thousands of miles meet the autumn". The poem uses exaggeration and starts with a grand realm. Generally, farewell poems only focus on Yan Yu and Yang Zhi, with tears and different wine cups. "Parting with you is the same as official travel.". What does it mean to leave each other? For the sake of the officials, those who wander away from home have already had a feeling of parting. They say goodbye to each other in the middle of the guests, and there is another feeling of parting. There is really infinite sadness in it. The first two sentences have a high tone, they are precise and strict, they have a deep charm, they are not neat, they are dispersive. Although there was not a set of strict rules for the rhymed poetry at that time, it had its unique beauty. This poem is full of ups and downs, which makes people feel that it is impossible to overlook the changes. In the fifth and sixth sentences, the realm has changed from narrow to grand, and the sentiment has changed from sad to heroic. "There is a bosom friend in the sea, and the ends of the world are like neighbors." Far away is inseparable from the confidant, as long as within the four seas, even the ends of the earth as close to the neighbors, what is a Qin Shu. The expression of friendship is not limited by time and space. It is eternal and omnipresent. The emotion expressed is optimistic and open-minded. Therefore, these two sentences become immortal expressions of deep friendship between friends who are far away from each other. the last two sentences: "inaction in the wrong way, children together with towel." The two lines run together in one sentence, which means: "don't say goodbye to that girl in tears at the fork of the road where we are about to break up! It's an exhortation to a friend, and it's also an expression of one's feelings. " Immediately after the first two sentences, they suddenly fall into relief at a very high place, and then stop. Let's take music as an example. The end of the music stops abruptly at the most exciting point, but some have to put an end to it.

Comments on celebrities

Criticizing Tang Yin: reading the book of sending Lu Zhubo and baixiayi and this poem, we can know that it was prosperous in the early Tang Dynasty and declined in the late Tang Dynasty. Guo Yun: it's so natural and straightforward. I feel so sad when I say that I don't worry about doing anything. "A wide selection of Tang poetry": Gu Huayu said: how many sighs, no worries. Hu Yuanrui said: in the early Tang Dynasty, Wang Bo's song Xue Hua and this poem were the only five character rhythms. At the end of the poem, there was no scenery, but it was full of vigor and vitality. "Tang poetry mirror": This is a high-profile, read without feeling its high, with thick gas, so. "Tang Shi GUI": these works are based on the fact that the Qi is not broken, and the true law is formed at the beginning. It's not necessary to talk about his clumsiness, but his poems and essays are creative and mended, so it's unreliable to establish this school and no longer seek change. "the moment of Tang poetry": before and after the two grid. The first two sentences are solid, and the last six sentences are empty. I'm afraid that if I don't have enough writing ability, I'm easy to be weak. Poetry of the Tang Dynasty: to comfort his feelings, to open up his urgency, can be used as a small elegant. "Three Hundred Tang Poems": Chen Wanjun's supplementary note says: farewell is not sad, but courage is different. "ancient Tang Poetry Interpretation": these poems have the style of the early Tang Dynasty. "Tang poetry in modern style": the first four sentences say goodbye in official travel, and the last four sentences express opinions. The meaning is different, free and easy, and the style of early Tang Dynasty. "Tang and Song poetry highlights": Wu Beijiang said: magnificent and refined (the first two sentences below). Also said: stand up out of thin air, is everyone's pen power. Yao said: the poetic meaning of CHEN Si's a gift to Wang Biao, a white horse, really turns itself around. "a brief introduction to the poetic scene": a concentrated attention, such as a clear talk, is extremely wonderful. Generally speaking, when writing regular poems, we should avoid breaking the branches. In Tang Dynasty, all regular poems are in circulation. This poem is especially remarkable. The same is true of the seven laws. Wen Hexuan's early and prosperous Tang Dynasty: Mr. Chen Degong said: it's easy to understand the prime order. When Gu Er Shi opened up this realm, his voice and emotion were euphemistic, which was the place where the dust disappeared. Chen Boyu's close tune is the pioneer of Gao Dafu. The five or six straight for corrupt language, Qi Wang, pen Wan, different scholars. The strong voice of the ear, gloomy meaning, heal the wound.

About the author

Wang Bo (649-676), a poet of Tang Dynasty, was born in Longmen, Jiangzhou (now Hejin, Shanxi). At the beginning of his career, Lin De joined the army in Guozhou. He went to Hainan to visit his father and died of drowning. When he was young, he showed his talent. He was as famous as Yang Jiong, Lu Zhaolin and Luo Binwang in terms of diction, and he was also known as the "four heroes of the early Tang Dynasty". Both he and Lu Zhaolin attempted to change the poetic style of "competing for the structure of the fiber, competing for sculpture" (see Yang Jiong's preface to Wang Zian's collection). His poems tend to describe personal life, and there are also a few works expressing political feelings and implicit dissatisfaction with the rich and powerful families. The style of his poems is relatively fresh, but some of them are just gorgeous. His prose preface to Tengwang Pavilion is quite famous. The original collection has been lost, and Wang Zi An Ji was compiled by the people of Ming Dynasty.

Chinese PinYin : hǎi nèi cún zhī jǐ，tiān yá ruò bǐ lín