Advancing secretly by an unknown path(àn dù chén cāng)

Advancing secretly by an unknown path

It is a group of words that build plank road in the Ming Dynasty and ferry Chencang in the dark, which comes from Sima Qian's historical records biography of Huaiyin marquis.

It is characterized by hiding the real intention behind the actions that are not suspicious, hiding the strange, unusual, irregular and non habitual actions behind the ordinary, ordinary, regular and habitual actions, and making a circuitous attack to win by surprise. "Mending the plank road openly" means an open action, and "sneaking through Chen Cang" means a hidden real intention.

strategy

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The full name of this plan is "mending plank road in the Ming Dynasty and crossing Chencang in the dark", which comes from Sima Qian's biography of Huaiyin marquis in historical records. After the peasant uprising at the end of Qin Dynasty, Xiang Yu and Liu Bang fought for the world for four years. Liu Bang first conquered Xianyang and became the king of Guanzhong. Xiang Yu had a strong military force. Liu Bang gave up Xianyang and Guanzhong to Xiang Yu and went to Hanzhong himself. Adjacent to Hanzhong, Liu Bang's garrison, is Zhang Han. In order to confuse Xiang Yu and prevent the invasion of Zhang Han, Liu Bang burned the plank road in and out of Hanzhong. Later, Liu Bang gradually became strong, and ordered Han Xin to be a general, and sent troops to fight Xiang Yu. In order to confuse the enemy, Han Xin sent more than 10000 people to repair the burned plank road. The repair project of plank road is arduous and slow. Zhang Han predicted that it was not easy to repair the plank road, and he was not on guard. But I don't know that Han Xinduo's main force has taken the path to Chencang, and soon attacked Xianyang and occupied Guanzhong. Han Xin adopted the stratagem of "one light and one dark" and "one light and one dark" to win the great victory in Guanzhong. This is the origin of "sneaking through the past". the specific purpose of this plan is to hide the real intention behind the actions that are not suspicious, and to hide the strange, unusual, irregular and non habitual actions behind the ordinary, ordinary, regular and habitual actions, so as to make a circuitous attack and win by surprise. "Mending the plank road openly" means an open action, and "sneaking through Chen Cang" means a hidden real intention.

Notes

The ancients said: strange from the right, no right can not be extraordinary. If you don't know how to build a stack Road, you can't sneak through the old storehouse. In the past, Deng AI Tun was to the north of Baishui, while Jiang Wei Yao was to the south of Liaohua tun. AI said to the generals: "we have only a small number of soldiers, so we should come and cross instead of making a bridge. This way, we can't return. It will attack Taocheng from the East. " AI is the night army, the path to Taocheng. Viggo came to ferry. And AI first arrived, according to the city, can not break. This is Jiang Wei's bad plan to sneak through the past, and Deng Aicha knows his plan to attack the West from the East. This note shows the dialectical relationship between "Qi" and "Zheng". Qi and Zheng are opposite to each other and connected with each other. Sun Tzu said, "all those who fight will win by the right combination and the extraordinary victory." The so-called "Zheng" refers to the conventional principle in the art of war, and the so-called "Qi" refers to the flexible use of troops in contrast to the conventional principle. In fact, Qizheng can also transform each other. For example, "building a plank road in the open and crossing the Chencang in the dark" is written into the book of war. This technique can be said to be changed from strange to positive, and timely frontal attack may be changed into strange. Deng Ai saw through Jiang Wei's plan of "sneaking through Chen Cang" and decided that Jiang Wei sent Liao Huatun to the south of Baishui, but he was just trying to confuse himself. His purpose was to attack Hongcheng. When Jiang Wei attacked Hongcheng secretly, Deng AI was ready to fight. Deng AI understood the principle of the alternation of Qi and Zheng in the art of war and saw through Jiang Wei's plan. It can be seen from this that for those who are familiar with the art of war, it is difficult for them to succeed in the ever-changing battlefield and in the use of all kinds of stratagems.

Example of war

Han Xin

Han Xin's "mending the plank road openly and crossing the Chencang secretly" is a famous example of war in Chinese history, which has always been talked about by people. Han Xin's move laid the foundation for Liu Bang's great cause. Later, many strategists followed Han Xin's example. They explored the origin and the true meaning of Han Xin's move, and made "crossing the Chencang secretly" one of the 36 stratagems. The premise of "sneaking through the old storehouse" is to "build the plank road openly", that is to say, to publicly show a strategic action that makes the enemy feel stupid or harmless, so as to make the enemy relax and warn. Behind the open action, there may be real action, or to transfer the defense. When the enemy is hoodwinked by the false appearance and relaxed his vigilance, he will give the enemy a fatal blow by surprise, and he will win by surprise without any resistance or defense. This kind of strategy is not only used in military affairs, but also for men and women on the stage of life. There are similarities and differences between "secretly crossing Chen Cang" and "attacking the West from the East". The similarities are that both of them are bluffing, creating an illusion to confuse the enemy, and taking real actions under the cover of the illusion. The difference is that "sneaking across Chencang" is to take two actions at the same time, which are true and false. On the surface, it is to take an action that does no great harm to the enemy or makes the enemy feel stupid, such as "mending the plank road openly" to numb the enemy; on the surface, it is to carry out a major action to attack the enemy or expand our side, such as "sneaking across Chencang" by Hanshin; and "attacking the West from the East" is a strike action, which is true The two false targets intentionally led the enemy away. If we confuse the functions and operation methods of the two stratagems, it will lead to disaster. For example, Jiang Wei made "sneaking across Chen Cang" into "attacking the West from the East", and "attacking the West from the East" was seen through by Deng AI. As a result, Deng AI first occupied the position, waiting for work with ease, and hit Jiang Wei head-on, which made Jiang Wei lose out. In the modern business activities of making money, "sneaking through the old storehouse" is a trick commonly used by businesses. This trick is to create a false impression, confuse the opponent or consumers, make them buy the products of the enterprise or ask the enterprise to provide services for them, so as to occupy the market. However, when we really use this trick, we must "build a clear path" in advance, so as to confuse the opponent, but we can not let them Only when the opponent sees the flaw can he realize his intention.

Examples of the spring and autumn war

At the end of the spring and Autumn period, the state of Qi attacked the state of Lu. Wu Qi caressed the soldiers very much, ate and lived with them, walked on the March and helped the weak soldiers carry weapons. Therefore, he was loved by the officers and soldiers. Seeing that Qi's army was coming fiercely, Wu Qi ordered his troops to camp and stick to it. When Qi general Tian He saw that Lu's army was closed, he sent General Zhang Qiu to Lu's camp in the name of peace talks. Wu Qi understood Zhang Qiu's intention, so he let the elite troops hide, and then let the old, weak, sick and disabled soldiers deliberately show up in front of Zhang Qiu. Wu Qi pretended to be servile and asked for peace and truce with the Qi army. Zhang Qiu went back and told Tian He what he saw. When Tian He heard that the morale of the Lu army was low, he gradually relaxed his guard. Wu Qi concluded that the Qi army had the intention of belittling the enemy and slackening its combat readiness. Late at night, he led a group of elite soldiers to raid the Qi camp, and the fire was ignited in chaos. The Qi camp was in a terrible situation. Lu army took advantage of the situation to kill it, and Qi army was seriously injured. Qi generals Tian He and Zhang Qiu had to run away. It was Wu Qi who cleverly concealed his true image and the true intention of the battle, which caused a kind of wrong military judgment to the enemy and made the enemy careless and slack, so that the weak Lu army finally defeated the strong Qi army. Wu Qi's "military concealment" is similar to Han Xin's "Mingxiu" and "Yindu".

Three Kingdoms war cases

In the later period of the Three Kingdoms, among the Three Kingdoms of Wei, Shu and Wu, the state of Wei was the most powerful. In 263 ad, when Sima Zhao was in power, he was ready to destroy Shu at one stroke. So they sent three groups of people: Deng AI and Zhuge Xu, who led 30000 troops respectively, and Zhong Hui led 100000 troops to attack separately. At this time, Deng AI was already a veteran and experienced general. the Wei army attacked fiercely and won in succession, and soon captured many cities in Shu. Deng AI attacked all the way to Yinping. Zhong Hui merged Zhuge Xu's troops and made them stronger. He led the army to the sword Pavilion. Jiang Wei, the commander-in-chief of the Shu army, led the soldiers to resist the attack of the Zhonghui army. Although Zhong Hui's troops are strong, Jiang Wei has no choice. In addition, the supply of military supplies can't keep up, so I want to withdraw. At this time, Deng AI came from Yinping. At that time, Deng AI had only 30000 troops, while Zhong Hui led 130000 troops. Relying on the large number of troops and generals, he did not pay attention to Deng AI at all. Deng AI has long known that Zhong will be blocked in the sword Pavilion. He thought to himself: can we find another way to the capital of Shu if we can't get through the pavilion? So when he was in Yinping, he sent many explorers to find out the local terrain and environment, and finally found a path from Yinping to Chengdu. This path, surrounded by mountains, is difficult to walk. It is said that it was excavated by Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty during his southern expedition. No one has been passing through it for three or four hundred years. When Deng AI heard about the newspaper, he was very happy. I thought to myself: it's really God's help. 2 since this road has been deserted for hundreds of years, the Shu army will never dream that I can lead the army to attack Chengdu from this road, let alone guard against it. So he rushed to the pavilion and told Zhong Hui what he thought. Zhong Hui had looked down upon Deng AI and listened to his whimsical tactics, but only sneered at them. But he wanted to see Deng AI make a fool of himself, so he didn't stop him. Deng AI also knew that Zhong would look down on him. The more he did, the more he had to make a whole appearance. He immediately led the troops back to Yinping, gathered the troops and explained his plan to everyone. The morale of the people was very high, and they all expressed their willingness to listen to Deng AI's instructions and make contributions to the country. Deng Zhong, the son of Deng AI, led 5000 elite soldiers with axe and iron chisel in hand to be the pioneer. He led the army, prepared enough food and ropes, and followed closely. The road was very dangerous, but everyone held on. Every 100 miles the army advances, thousands of soldiers are left to build a barracks to ensure that the advancing army can keep in touch with the rear. In the end, there were only 2000 people left in the army. On this day, Deng Zhong came to Deng AI in a hurry

Chinese PinYin : àn dù chén cāng