Yu Wenhan

Yu Wenhan

Yu Wenhan (1918-1949), a native of Changning, Sichuan Province, was born into a feudal landlord family. As a child, he was diligent and eager to learn. Under the Enlightenment of enlightened teachers, he was influenced by the new culture movement.

Life

From 1932 to 1935, when he was a middle school student in Chengdu, he actively participated in Anti Japanese and national salvation activities, organized "reading clubs", often discussed national affairs, and was determined to devote himself to the motherland. In 1937, he participated in the "xingmang society" activity led by the Chengdu team of the vanguard of the Chinese national liberation, served as a reporter of xingmang weekly, published articles, and supported the Anti Japanese and national salvation program put forward by the Communist Party of China. In 1938, he joined the Communist Party of China and engaged in the workers' movement in Luzhou 23rd ordnance factory. In the spring of 1939, he moved to Chongqing and led the workers in the Anti Japanese and national salvation struggle in Shapingba. In August of the same year, he served as the Secretary of the special branch of zhonggongda County, actively organized the troupe, established the Daxian general trade union, and carried out revolutionary propaganda and organizational work. In October 1940, after Chiang Kai Shek set off the second anti Communist upsurge, he transferred Liangshan county (now Liangping County of Chongqing) to Pingjin district party secretary. At the end of the year, he went to Chongqing to work underground. In 1942, he was appointed secretary of the central county Party committee of Da county. In the spring of 1943, the United Front work was carried out in Changning to meet the climax of the revolution. In 1944, appointed by the Southern Bureau of the Communist Party of China, he broke into the "heart" of the enemy and became the "Changning weekly" sponsored by the party Department of Changning County. During this period, he often went in and out of the enemy and puppet party and government organs as a reporter and attended important meetings to provide important information for the underground party to carry out the struggle against the enemy. He took the weekly as the front and the bookstore as the contact point, secretly passed on the Xinhua daily and other progressive publications, spreading the revolutionary fire. Taking advantage of factional contradictions, he became a member of the county peasant association and actively carried out revolutionary struggle under the cover of his legal status as a senator. In August 1948, he was appointed by the party organization as the Secretary of the CPC Central Committee's Nanxi Changning Border Committee. He led the masses to fight against Ding, grain and taxes, developed the party organization, established the peasant revolutionary armed forces, and met the liberation. On June 9, 1949, in the work of Inspection Branch, he was unfortunately arrested by the enemy. After he was put in prison, he won over the guards. With the help of the guards, he escaped from the prison and escaped from the tiger's mouth. On the way to escape, he was chased by the enemy and put into prison. In prison, he was chained, tortured and unyielding. In order to obtain the secret of the underground party in southern Sichuan, the enemy conducted a "three Hall joint trial" on it. In the face of the enemy's butcher's knife, he fought with the demons without fear. On June 27 of the same year, the enemy secretly killed him in Muping field of Nanxi County in the name of sending him to Yibin. after the founding of the people's Republic of China, the party and the government built a monument to Yu Wenhan's death.

Deeds

In 1932, Yu Wenhan entered Nanxun middle school in Chengdu. During the Japanese invasion of China, he mobilized his classmates to organize a "book club" to publicize the Anti Japanese War and "everyone is responsible for the rise and fall of the country." In 1935, he joined the senior high school class of Chengdu Xiejin middle school. In 1937, he joined the Party led Anti Japanese salvation group "xingmang society", worked as a clerk in the secret contact station "xingmang Book station", and joined the Communist Party of China the next spring. In June 1938, Yu Wenhan, a party member, went to the short-term training class of Sichuan Provincial Working Committee to study. After graduation, he was sent by the central county Party committee of Luxian county to work in the 23rd military factory. In August of the next year, he was transferred to Eastern Sichuan to become the Secretary of the special branch of zhonggongda county. Under the cover of teaching, he organized amateur troupes to publicize the Anti Japanese war. After the South Anhui Incident in January 1941, the central county Party committee of Liangda was destroyed. Yu Wenhan transferred Chongqing to accept a new task. Due to the transfer of the Southern Bureau, Yu Wenhan was forced to return to his hometown Changning for concealment. In the autumn of 1943, Yu Wenhan went to Chongqing for the third time and finally got in touch with the Southern Bureau. He went back to Changning County to engage in two-sided political power and United Front Work in order to welcome the arrival of the climax of the national revolution. The next year, Yu Wenhan, through his uncle Luo Fubei (the Secretary General of the Changning County Party Department of the Kuomintang), became a reporter of the Changning weekly of the county party department, and later a secretary of the county party department. From then on, Yu Wenhan used his legal identity not only to know the internal secrets of the Kuomintang, but also to strengthen contact with the grassroots, carry out legal struggle and accumulate revolutionary forces. Yu Wenhan used Changning weekly to write articles against the most diehards, exposed the scandal of the "Lu and Liang" factions in Changning, and attacked the darkness and corruption of the Kuomintang. He used his special identity to launch the biggest protest against the closure of salt wells by the county government, forcing the county government to withdraw the order. As the "Changning weekly" is too popular, and Yu Wenhan's activities have aroused the suspicion of juntong and Zhongtong, five Communist Party members such as Yu Wenhan have been reported to Luzhou police headquarters as "traitors". The party organization immediately transferred the five party members. Yu Wenhan went to Lunan middle school to teach, but still carried out activities in secret. in order to cooperate with the front-line operations in the liberated areas and speed up the pace of liberation of China, the eastern Sichuan temporary Committee transferred Yu Wenhan from Lunan middle school to Changning to form the Qingnan Changbian committee to carry out armed struggle in the enemy occupied areas. In November 1948, the frontier Committee was formally established, with Yu Wenhan as secretary. The focus of the work of the frontier committee is to carry out "three stresses (Party building, political power and armed forces)" and "four resistances (anti Ding, anti grain, anti debt and anti tax)" in the vast rural areas. The focus is to mobilize the masses, establish armed forces, maintain local stability and welcome the arrival of the liberation of southern Sichuan. In the hanwangshan area at the junction of Qingnan and Changsan counties, the frontier Committee set up an armed force with more than 200 guns. At the same time, three central branches and 13 party branches were set up, and a party group directly under the party was set up in Gongxian. There were more than 500 party members. Under the leadership of the party, the masses were organized to actively carry out the struggle of "three grasping and four resisting". Guhe town is an important waterway from Changning to Jiang'an, and its geographical location is very important. Party organizations directly in charge of the town guard class more than 100 guns and county police Chen Songshan detachment 27 armed personnel. A party group was set up in Annam township to control the people and guns of the township class. Gongxian patrol party group mastered more than 100 guns of patrol squadron of Gongxian police station. The frontier committee also took advantage of the Kuomintang's policy of "rent reduction in the Fifth Five Year Plan" to cheat the masses, organized tenant farmers to fight against rent, reduced and delayed the amount and time of the Kuomintang to raise military supplies, and made contributions to the peaceful liberation of Changning. The summer of 1949 was the darkest hour before dawn. As Yu Wenhan's excellent work in Changning has attracted the attention of the enemy, many parties are looking for opportunities to arrest him. At this time, Chen Ziqing, Secretary of Nanxi Jiangjiagou Central Branch, and Liu Dewen, a party member, were arrested and defected. The CPC southern Sichuan Working Committee decided to transfer Yu Wenhan and send Xu Jinxian, Secretary of Jiang'an Dadi District Committee, to take over. In May, Yu Wenhan returned home after inspecting the Dadukou in Jiang'an, and decided to hold a meeting at the home of Fu Guosong (a member of the Border Committee) of baihelin in Huatan to handle the handover. On June 9, when he arrived at sulingou, KAIFO Township, he met Wen huankui, the spy of Qingnan Changsan County Joint Defense Office led by traitor Liu Dewen. Liu Dewen indicated to the spy that Yu Wenhan and his fellow border committee member Yu Zhipeng (Wen Han's eighth brother) were arrested together. Xu Jinxian, Secretary of the Border Committee, immediately called a meeting to study the rescue plan: first, to try to rescue through the United Front relationship; second, to organize armed prison robbery; third, to stop and rescue on the way of escort. Take the first plan as the best policy, and implement the second or third plan as a last resort. While the guards were not paying attention, Yu Wenhan said to Badi: "one of our captors, Liu Dewen, is a member of Mouping party. He has defected. When you have a chance to go out, you should tell the party organizations and comrades that you are young. The traitors and spies don't know you, because Nanxi is not your work area. When you are interrogated, you say that you are going to Li duanchang to go to other people. You don't know me. Why You said, "I don't know.". In a few days, the enemy didn't ask anything, and in order to catch big fish for a long time, plus relatives and friends paid for activities, Yu Zhipeng was released on bail soon. Zeng Tiejian, director of the "Communist suppression" office and spy chief of Qingnan Changsan County Joint Defense Office, personally went to Mouping to interrogate Yu Wenhan, and got nothing. In prison, Yu Wenhan, together with Party members Ou Deqin and Ou Junfu, mobilized 20 prison guards and soldiers to prepare for the uprising. On the 19th, because of heavy rain, I was afraid that there were too many people to move, so I opened the prison with the guards Xu Shuguo and other four people to escape on the morning of the 20th, and they acted separately in groups. Yu Wenhan, together with Xu Shuguo, a group of guards, had to hide in the farmer's house because it was dark and the road was slippery. On the 21st, Yu Wenhan was arrested again at the third wife's home of 16 Bao in Huatan township. After Yu Wenhan was arrested for the second time, the Border Committee sent his sister-in-law Ye Zhicai to report the rescue plan of the party organization in the name of visiting prison, that is, to rob the prison by armed force or to stop and rescue at the boundary of hanwangshan when escorting Yibin, asking him to cooperate. After a little thought, Yu Wenhan said to his sister-in-law Ye Zhicai, "now the enemy is strong and we are weak. Prison robberies and robberies are outnumbered. We can't act recklessly.". He wrote on the note: "thank you, comrades. I'd rather sacrifice myself than expose the organization and learn from east Sichuan." the enemy tried to steal the secret of the underground party in southern Sichuan from Yu Wenhan, so as to crack all the Communist Party organizations at one stroke. They racked their brains to mobilize Luo Rulin, Yu Wenhan's uncle (secretary of the Changning County Party department and county senator of the Kuomintang), to explain Yu Wenhan's surrender. Luo came to prison with his "confession book" and advised Yu Wenhan to say: "those who know current affairs are heroes. Don't read chess wrong. Just write a confession book, break away from the Communist Party, and write down the list of underground Party organizations and personnel. I guarantee you'll be OK. If it's inconvenient to write, just write a "confession book". No more. I've already written it for you. Just sign on it. Then he handed over the confession. Enraged, Yu Wenhan immediately tore up the confession and threw it out of the window. He wrote a poem angrily

Chinese PinYin : Yu Wen Han