Quan Deyu

Quan Deyu

Quan Deyu (759-818) was born in Lueyang, Tianshui (now Qin'an County, Tianshui City, Gansu Province). The Prime Minister of the Tang Dynasty, a writer, is the descendant of Quan Yi, a famous Minister of the former Qin Dynasty, and the son of Quan Gao, who lived and gave up his life.

He had little talent and was famous for his articles. He was conquered by du you and Pei Zhou. He was promoted by Emperor Dezong of Tang Dynasty, and successively served as doctor Taichang, zuobuque, Zhigao, Zhongshu, etc. he moved to the Minister of rites and was in charge of tribute. During the reign of emperor Xianzong of the Tang Dynasty, Lei Qian, the Minister of rites and the Minister of Tongzhong, became the prime minister. When he was dismissed, he served successively as the Minister of the eastern capital, the Minister of Taichang, the Minister of the penalty Department of the procuratorial school, and the governor of Shannan Xidao.

In the 13th year of Yuanhe (818), Quan Deyu died at the age of 60. He was awarded Zuo pushe with the posthumous title of "Wen".

In the ninth year of the reign of quandeyuzhi, sanzhigongju was a minister of Li Qing, who was famous in Zhenyuan and Yuanhe.

Life of the characters

Elegant family style

Quan Deyu was born in Lueyang, Tianshui, and moved back to Dantu, Runzhou. His family has a long history. He has been an official for several generations since the 12th ancestor Qin pushe shot Anqiu public power wing. Quan Gao, his father, was once an Lushan's aide. Before the outbreak of the an Shi rebellion, he was praised by people at that time for his courageous behavior of escaping rebellion.

Quan Deyu was born in such an official family with clear ancestors and elegant family style. He is smart and studious since he was a child. "He knows how to change four tones at the age of three, and he can become a poem at the age of four.". At the age of 15, he had hundreds of articles, and began to be famous.

Li Zuo Shi Fu

In the first year of Jianzhong (780), Quan Deyu was appointed as an official Secretary of Huainan county. In the same year, Cao joined the army. First, he was du you, the sanitation officer of Huainan water and land transportation, and then he was Bao Ji, the Yongshi envoy of Biandong water and land transportation.

In the second year of Zhenyuan (786), the censor of Dali was appointed as the judge of Li Jian.

Speak frankly about current affairs

In 792, he entered the court as a doctor of Taichang, and moved to zuobuke. At that time, more than 20 prefectures and counties in Guandong, Huainan and Zhexi were flooded, which destroyed good farmland and houses and washed away people's homes. He immediately suggested that Tang Dezong send capable envoys to the disaster area to relieve the victims, and put forward the idea that "the tax should be given to the people, not hidden in the death of the people", so as to reduce the taxes of the people in the disaster area.

In July of the same year, Pei Yanling, the Minister of agriculture, decided to spend money and took charge of the state revenue and expenditure. In view of this situation, Quan Deyu, regardless of his personal safety, went to shudezong twice. He was strict in his words, and frankly opposed Pei Yanling's appointment. He must be careful when he stated his important position.

Repeated allusions

In the 10th year of Zhenyuan (794), he served as a living room person and also as a patent maker. After that, wailang, sixun, and Zhongshu Sheren, members of the driving department, were in charge of Gaoming.

In the 18th year of Zhenyuan (802), he was appointed as a Gongshi by Zhongshu Sheren. Later, he paid homage to the Minister of rites. He was transferred to the army, household, and official. He served as the guest of Ying and Prince, and moved to taichangqing. During this period, he vigorously selected talents and advocated that "cultivating talents is the foundation of the country". He "promoted talents and abilities". Regardless of family status and grade, he appointed talents as long as he had virtue, and opposed favoritism and malpractice. He once cited scholars three times, and said that "those who give scholars to the public are credible, not with their cloth clothes; they are not credible, and they do not express their ideas even though they are spoken by powerful officials.". Under his leadership, he found and created many useful talents. "Before and after Kaodi Jinshi and court counsellors, spit phase crept to be prime minister, high official and public Prime Minister successively, and the rest were distributed in Taige Waifu, where more than 100 people.".

In July of the first year of Yongzhen (805), he was changed to the Minister of the household department.

In the early years of Yuanhe (806-820), Emperor Xianzong of the Tang Dynasty, he served as the Minister of the Ministry of war and the Ministry of Li. Because of this, he was changed to be a guest of the crown prince, and also paid homage to the Minister of the Ministry of war and the minister of Taichang.

Go abroad to worship the prime minister

In the fifth year of Yuanhe (810), Quan Deyu took part in the administration of the imperial court by "Chen Shuo's stratagem and duozhong's strategy". He is generous in his administration.

The year after Quan Deyu became prime minister, Li Jifu and Li Jiang were worshipped as prime ministers. They often argued in front of Xianzong for political affairs. Every time at this time, Quan Deyu did not express his position, and was criticized by the court, which also caused the dissatisfaction of Xianzong. In the first month of the eighth year of Yuanhe (813), Quan Deyu was dismissed from the post of prime minister and served as Minister of rites. Immediately, Ren Dongdu, the Minister of the Ministry of justice, was left behind, and then he became the Minister of the Ministry of punishment.

In the 11th year of Yuanhe (816), Quan Deyu took the post of governor of Shannan Xidao.

On the way home

Later, due to illness, Quan Deyu died on August 27 (September 30) in the 13th year of Yuanhe (818) at Zhifang, Yangxian County, Hanzhong, on his way to Korea. He was 60 years old. The imperial court gave Zuo pushe a posthumous title of "Wen". Later generations were called Quan Wengong.

Main impact

literature

Quan Deyu was an important writer of Taige style in the middle Tang Dynasty. Yu Zhenyuan and Yuan Hejian were in charge of Wenbing, which was famous for a time. Liu Yuxi, Liu Zongyuan, etc. all went to the door to seek the title of their articles. Nature is understanding and forgiving. It is romantic and studious. He advocated that "the body should guide the mind" (preface to the collection of Zhang Jun, the former governor of Zhangzhou in Tang Dynasty) and "the supplement should be made to the time" (preface to the collection of Cui yinliang). He is dissatisfied with the declining style of "Ci or extravagance, Li or di Fu" (preface to Cui Wenhan's Anthology). According to the biography of quandeyu in the old book of Tang Dynasty, he was "very successful in writing. Liu Jingbai's swimming is becoming more and more popular. He is elegant, upright and broad-minded. At that time, the king, marquis, and general Xiang were dead. When he asked for Mingji, he was a master The inscriptions and deeds of famous generals such as Hun Li and Ma Sui were all written by him. The book "on the differentiation of death in the Han Dynasty" denounces Zhang Yu and Hu Guang's corruption of the politics of the Han Dynasty due to their greedy pursuit of position. Historians believe that "the big finger can help the world" (Quan de Yu Zhuan, new Tang Dynasty). Because he has not experienced major political ups and downs and life changes, so the article has elegant demeanor, grand style, but lack of deep connotation, innovative pattern. His contemporaries huangfushi wrote Yu Ye, which said: "the writings of Quan Wengong are as grand as Zhu men's, and they are magnificent, with veranda and stables, and every household knows the Zhou Dynasty. However, they can't have new rules to win the general idea, which is very impressive."

Most of his poems are composed of five characters, with five ancient and five rhythms. Zhang Jian said that his poems are "clear and deep in CI, magnificent in color, elegant in speech and moderate in emotion" (Book of reply to Quan Zai). Yan Yu's Canglang Shihua in the Southern Song Dynasty has a high evaluation of his poems. He is regarded as the author worthy of "deep learning" after Dali, and says: "Quan Deyu's poems are like those of the prosperous Tang Dynasty Or there are places like Wei Suzhou and Liu Changqing. " Xin Wenfang, a man of the Yuan Dynasty, said in his biography of Tang gifted scholars that he was "able to compose poems, had an ancient style of music, and was full of emotion. All of them are integrated and never let go. Although it has no exterior decoration, it is naturally admirable for its charm. Zhenyuan, yuanhejian were "Jianshen Yuyi".

Politics

In the aspect of governing the country, Quan Deyu advocated the combination of rule of virtue and rule of law, and resolutely punished the corrupt officials for illegal acts. He always believed that "the people are the foundation of the country" and "the principle of the world lies in the safety of the people, the safety of the people lies in the reduction of taxes, and the reduction of taxes lies in the province of funds". He paid more attention to the suffering of the people. In the 19th year of Zhenyuan (803), from spring to summer and autumn, there was a great drought in Guanzhong, the countryside was desolate, and the people were hard to live. But Tang Dezong prayed against the temple, prayed for heaven and earth, and was busy praying for rain. Seeing this situation, Quan Deyu was very anxious and cried out. He once again proposed to Dezong that all counties should reserve funds to relieve the victims of the disaster with the money and goods saved, so that the people could rebuild their homes, and he was responsible for the despicable behavior of exploiting the people.

Main works

There are 10 volumes of Tong Meng Ji, 50 volumes of Wen Ji, 50 volumes of Zhi Ji, and 30 volumes of yuan he Ge chi (edited with Liu Bo Chu, etc.). Tong Meng Ji and Zhi Ji have been lost. The anthology includes 50 volumes of Quan Zai's anthology published by Zhu in Jiaqing period of Qing Dynasty, and Yang Sifu's preface. The original of the four part series was photocopied accordingly.

There are 10 volumes of poems in Quan Tang Shi, which can be seen in volumes 320 to 329, one in Volume 6, seven in volume 5 and two in Volume 23. Quantangwen is composed of 27 volumes, which can be seen in volumes 483 to 509, and tangwenshiyi is composed of 24 volumes.

Historical evaluation

Liu Zongyuan: buque power king, famous over discipline, high behavior, people believe in words, mechanical writing, friends dominate, son eager to worship, enough to carry forward. (< I > Shangquan Deyu buque Wenjuan Jue advance and retreat Qi < / I >)

Wang Zhongshu: Lingtian received all Qi and supported literature early. He is upright in the way, honest in the evil, honest in the heart and honest in the Dharma. Since the reign of Fu Yideng, the Zhou Dynasty has experienced a solemn and quiet period. As a result, he has a great emperor inside and a great leader outside. He is the supreme sage and the most glorious in the world. Rich enough to fatten the family, the heroic can run the house, and Feng Ji Yue, Su Feng more than fresh, Yu Qiongshan Li, to town floating custom. (< I > Jiquan Shaojian Wen < / I >)

Han Yu: he is the Prime Minister of life and the head of virtue. He is the master of literature. Wandering six officials, access screen adjacent. No party, no enmity, no fault in the world. People are afraid to do, but the public is brave to do it. He will never see what he is competing for. Who knows, de will be here. Engrave a poem tombstone to hang forever. (< I > tombstone of the late Prime Minister of Tang Dynasty < / I >)

Liu Xu: 1. He was a scholar of virtue and filial piety. He was a scholar of virtue, filial piety and filial piety. He was a scholar of virtue and filial piety. He was a scholar of virtue and filial piety. He was a skillful and cunning person. He was a scholar of Gaomo. He was a scholar of Yuyi for 30 years. These four sons (PEI Xun, Li Jifu, Li Fan, Quan Deyu) are the so-called ministers of longitude and latitude. Why should they be ashamed of Wang Zuo! (< I > < I > < I > old book of Tang Dynasty < / I > < I > < I >) (2) Quan Zhizao is thoughtful and gentle

Chinese PinYin : Quan De Yu