Zhu Zhanji

Zhu Zhanji

Xuanzong Zhu Zhanji of the Ming Dynasty (from March 16, 1399 to January 31, 1435, Yishuo was born on March 16, 1398), was named Changchun Zhenren, the grandson of Zhu Di, Chengzu of the Ming Dynasty, the eldest son of Zhu gaochi, Renzong of the Ming Dynasty, and the fifth emperor of the Ming Dynasty (from May 29, 1425 to January 31, 1435), with the year name of Xuande.

Zhu Zhanji was born on the 9th of February in the 31st year of Hongwu (Yishuo was born in the first year of Jianwen). He was very intelligent in his childhood, and was loved by his grandfather Zhu Di. In the ninth year of Yongle (1411), he was appointed as the emperor's grandson and followed Zhu Di, the emperor of the Ming Dynasty, to fight against Mongolia for many times. Hongxi ascended the throne in 1425. In the first year of Xuande (1426), the rebellion of Zhu gaoxu, king of Han Dynasty, was put down. In politics, he attached great importance to the rectification of official administration and finance, promoted the cabinet status, appointed "Three Yang", Jian Yi, Xia Yuanji and so on, and taught eunuchs to study and participate in politics. Economically, we should take measures to recuperate and ease social contradictions. In terms of foreign relations, we should stop Zheng He's voyages to the West and stop using troops to cross our toes. A series of measures of Xuanzong of Ming Dynasty made the social economy develop unprecedentedly, which was called "the rule of Renxuan" together with his father's reign. At the same time, Xuanzong of Ming Dynasty had great attainments in calligraphy and painting, and calligraphy books were extremely exquisite. "Painting from life with ink, and then compete with Xuanhe (Huizong of Song Dynasty)", calligraphy can be seen outside the mellow strength. He was good at painting landscapes, figures, animals, flowers and birds, grass and insects. He had seals such as "treasure of Guangyun", "treasure of wuyingdian" and "the world of Yongxi".

In 1435, Xuanzong of the Ming Dynasty died at the age of 38. His temple name was Xuanzong, and his posthumous title was Emperor qinwenzhao, Emperor kuanrenchunxiaozhang. He was buried in Jingling. The volume of Ming Xuanzong Yuzhi Yuefu has been lost so far, with two poems. Zhu Qizhen, the eldest son.

The picture shows the sitting portrait axis of Emperor Xuanzong of Ming Dynasty in Nanxun hall, which is now stored in the Palace Museum of Taipei.

Life of the characters

To establish a reservoir by following the law

Zhu Zhanji was born on the 9th of February in the 31st year of Hongwu. He was the eldest son of Zhu gaochi (then the successor of Yan King's fiefdom) and his wife Zhang. On the night of Zhu Zhanji's birth, his grandfather, Zhu Di, who was the king of Yan at that time, had a dream. He dreamed that his father, Emperor Hongwu, Zhu Yuanzhang, had given him a Dagui. In ancient times, Dagui symbolized power. Zhu Yuanzhang gave him Dagui and said to him, "the grandson of the world will be prosperous forever.". When Zhu Di woke up, he was recalling the scene in his dream and felt very lucky. Suddenly someone reported that his grandson Zhu Zhanji was born. Zhu Di immediately realized that the scene in the dream was reflected in Sun Tzu. He immediately ran to see his grandson. He saw that Xiao Zhanji looked very much like himself, and his face was full of courage. Zhu Di was very happy and busy: "this is the blessing of the Ming Dynasty.". This event played a great role in Zhu Di's determination to launch the Jingnan incident.

Zhu gaochi, the father of Zhu Zhanji, was appointed as the crown prince in the second year of Yongle (1403). In the seventh year of Yongle (1409), Zhu Zhanji followed emperor Chengzu of Ming Dynasty to visit Beijing. Emperor Chengzu of Ming Dynasty ordered Zhu Zhanji to watch the farm tools and food used in farming, and presented them to him as a gift of wubenxun. In 1410, Emperor Chengzu of the Ming Dynasty went to Mongolia and ordered Zhu Zhanji to stay in Beijing. In November of the ninth year of Yongle (1411), Zhu Zhanji was named emperor TAISUN and began to be crowned. From this moment on, Zhu Zhanji followed Ming emperor Chengzu no matter he visited Beijing or visited Mongolia. In the 12th year of Yongle (1414), Zhu Zhanji followed Ming Chengzu Zhu Di to fight against Mobei. Li Qian encouraged Zhu Zhanji, the great grandson of the emperor, to pursue jiulongkou. He was besieged by warra cavalry and was in danger. Fortunately, the cavalry sent by Ming Chengzu came to help in time to get out of danger. Chengzu of the Ming Dynasty once ordered Hu Guang, a scholar, and others to give lectures on Confucian classics and history for his grandson Zhu Zhanji in the Mobei army. It can be seen that Ming Chengzu attached great importance to it. His father Zhu gaochi suffered from poor health, while Zhu Zhanji was strong and vigorous. In addition to his close relationship with his grandfather, he also deeply admired his father and often protected him from his two uncles Zhu gaoxu and Zhu gaosui. All this aroused the alarm of several other uncles.

In July 1424, the 22nd year of Yongle, Zhu Di, the founder of Ming Dynasty, died in yumuchuan. In August, the imperial edict of emperor Chengzu of the Ming Dynasty arrived in Beijing, and Zhu Zhanji, the great grandson of the emperor, personally went to Kaiping to welcome the funeral. Not long after Zhu gaochi ascended the throne, he made Zhu Zhanji the crown prince in October 1424. In the next few months, Zhu Zhanji spent most of his time in Beijing. In April of the first year of Hongxi's reign (1425), Zhu Zhanji went to Nanjing to help complete the preparations for moving the capital and pay a visit to Xiaoling Mausoleum of the Ming Dynasty, because there were many earthquakes in Nanjing and his father mingrenzong wanted to return the capital to Nanjing. Zhu Zhanji was recalled to Beijing when Zhu gaochi fell ill on May 28, but mingrenzong was dead when he arrived. In June, Zhu Zhanji returned to Beijing from Nanjing and arrived in Liangxiang. He accepted the imperial edict of emperor Mingren and went to the palace to mourn.

Succeeding to the throne

On June 27 of the first year of Hongxi (1425), Zhu Zhanji officially ascended the throne. He gave up his father's plan to move the imperial court back to Nanjing and left Beijing as the capital of the emperor, mostly because he grew up here and cared as much about the northern border as Zhu Di. At that time, Zhu Zhanji was in Nanjing, and his uncle Zhu gaoxu was going to kill the prince on the way, and then set himself up as emperor. Zhu Zhanji arrived in the capital safely. After returning to Beijing, on the one hand, he handled the affairs of Ming Renzong properly, on the other hand, he stepped up the vigilance of Beijing city to prevent people from waiting for an opportunity to make trouble, and then he calmly ascended the throne, changing the next year to the first year of Xuande.

In August of the first year of Xuande (1426), Zhu gaoxu, king of the Han Dynasty, conspired against him. He sent an official to Beijing and asked Zhang Fu, a British official, to be his agent. Zhang Fu arrested the official that night and reported it to the imperial court. After that, Jin Rong and other officials from Shandong Province took Jinan as a response. The incident and the plot were known to the court. At first, Zhu Zhanji didn't send troops to punish him. Instead, he sent a letter to Zhu gaoxu to persuade him to strike. In the face of how to pacify Zhu gaoxu's rebellion, Zhu Zhanji decided to fight in person and immediately called Zhang Fu to issue an order. The news of Zhu Zhanji's personal expedition greatly inspired the officers and men of the six armed forces, made the people quickly settle down, and eased the turbulent situation. After that, Huang Qian, commander in chief, and Chen Xuan, commander in chief of Pingjiang, defended Huai'an to prevent Zhu gaoxu, king of the Han Dynasty, from escaping to the south. It is said that Zhu gaoxu once asked to live in Nanjing. This time, he will lead his troops to capture Nanjing. Zhu Zhanji has another opinion: Jinan City is solid, so Zhu gaoxu will not take risks to attack; the families of the rebels are all in Le'an City, so Zhu gaoxu will not go south to attack Nanjing, but stick to Le'an. Just as Zhu Zhanji expected, Zhu gaoxu knew that the new king had no idea, and he was helpless in Le'an.

Zhu Zhanji surrounded Le'an, the anti rebel army, but did not launch an offensive. Xuanzong ordered an arrow to be sent to the city to announce misfortunes and blessings to those who were against the party. Many people in the city wanted to arrest Zhu gaoxu. Zhu gaoxu was very embarrassed, so he secretly sent someone to play Xuanzong to beg for forgiveness. He went out of the city to surrender tomorrow morning and got permission from Xuanzong. That night, Zhu gaoxu took out the accumulated weapons to negotiate with all the traffic documents and destroyed them. The city is illuminated by fire. When Zhu gaoxu was about to leave the city, Wang Bin and others insisted on stopping him, saying that he would rather die in the first world war than be arrested. Zhu gaoxu said Chengxiao could not win. After going out of the city, the ministers went to Shanghai one after another to ask for heavy allusions. Xuanzong stopped him and showed Zhu gaoxu the memorial of impeachment. Zhu gaoxu suddenly said: "I will die for all my sins, and I will live and kill only under your Majesty's command." Xuanzong ordered Zhu gaoxu to write a book and called all the scholars to return to the capital. Several people were involved in the crime, and all the others were released. And arrest Wang Bin and others in the royal guards prison. Later, he ordered Xue Lu and others to patrol Le'an and changed Le'an prefecture to Wuding Prefecture.

During the army's division, the troops were stationed in danqiao, BiXian county. Chen Shan, the Minister of the Ministry of household affairs, welcomed them and suggested that they should take advantage of the victory to move to Zhangde and attack Zhu gaosui, the king of Zhao. Xuanzong summoned Yang Rong and told him Chen Shan's suggestion. Yang Rong said it was a big plan to praise him. After that, Zhao Jianyi and Xia Yuanji did not dare to disagree. Yang Rong asked to send an imperial edict to the king of Zhao first, accusing him of complicity with Zhu gaoxu. The army arrived immediately and could be captured. Xuanzong obeyed.

To rule the world with virtue

After the Han King Zhu gaoxu's rebellion was put down, the political situation became stable. On the basis of Chengzu and Renzong, Xuanzong of Ming Dynasty further reformed the political institutions and carried out the policy of recuperation. Xuanzong of Ming Dynasty retained the government structure of mingrenzong period and let many outstanding officials continue to serve. But he did make some changes in political system and administrative practice. This is evident in the change of the role of the cabinet and the participation of eunuchs in the exercise of executive power. After he ascended the throne, Emperor Xuanzong of Ming Dynasty further inherited and carried forward this fashion of speaking widely and accepting remonstrations. He said to his ministers, "the emperors of Han and Tang Dynasties, Emperor Wen and Taizong, who could accept admonition, Emperor Wen and Taizong who sent several punishment measures, and Emperor Taizong who sent Zhenguan, all received good effects." After Xuanzong ascended the throne, he not only continued to take mild punishment measures, but also paid attention to enlightenment. He said: "the common people break the law lightly, because they are not educated." In order to reduce the crime, the officials at all levels were ordered to apply for education and popularize legal knowledge.

Xuanzong of the Ming Dynasty tried to eliminate the military corruption in order to establish the civilian rule. In previous battles, corrupt officers only mobilized the poor to sell tax exemption coupons to the rich, and extorted too much from the people when they expropriated materials. In order to eliminate these abuses and restore the discipline of military organizations, Xuanzong of Ming Dynasty sent a number of supervisory officials to inspect and improve the military situation of the provinces from the first year of Xuande (1426) to the third year of Xuande (1428). One of the purposes of these surveys is to identify the actual number of soldiers in each military unit and the rates and rations required by each unit by checking the roster, thus eliminating the main sources of corruption. This kind of mission is called Qing army

Chinese PinYin : Zhu Zhan Ji