Zeng Xijing

Zeng Xijing

Zeng Xijing (1867-1926), whose name is Gangfu, was born in Jieyang, Guangdong Province. Besides Kang Youwei and Liang Qichao, there also emerged Liang dingfen, Zeng Xijing, Luo Dun and Huang Jie, who are known as the "four modern poets of Lingnan".

brief introduction

He was a book collector and scholar in the Republic of China. The word Gang Fu, a father for gang, gang an, zhegang, another name Zhegan Jushi. Guangdong Jieyang cotton Lake Town (now Jiexi County) people. Guangxu 14 years (1888) into Guangzhou Guangya academy, the next year Ju Ren, 16 years Jinshi. At the beginning, he served as the head of the Department of accounts, Zuo Cheng of the guanzhidu branch, and concurrently as the assistant of the law Museum, the supervisor of the Bank of Daqing, the transfer of the tax department, and the general office of the Printing Bureau. At that time, Ministry Affairs were newly established, and they set out the key points, made rules and regulations, and did more. He visited Japan and became a close friend with Liang Qichao. After the failure of Liang Qichao's political reform plan, his communication became more close, and there were frequent correspondence.

I like collecting books. The day before the abdication of the Qing emperor, he resigned and retired to Kyoto. The government of the Republic of China had hired three times as finance minister and governor of Guangdong Province. He was fond of collecting books. Lunming went to the capital and borrowed books from him. They visited Liulichang many times. They collected many secret books, including Wanli edition of the Ming Dynasty, taihan collection, ruohu Qiaoshu, Nanhua Jinmeng, Chenghua edition, zhangqujiang collection, etc. He has compiled the bibliography of the collection of Zeng's Hu Lou in Jieyang, which was read by Wu Zeyu but is not known now. In his later years, he failed to invest and traded ancient books for rice. Liang Qichao once recorded that "he had to punish his collection of books for the sake of supporting his deceased family. Although there were not many books, they were all printed in the first time.". Later, it was bought by Ye gongchuo, lunming, Fu Zengxiang and other families. The book collection is printed with "Zeng Xi Jing Yin", "Hu Lou", "Qiu Cui Zhai", "Hu Min", "but I want to be worthy of my heart", "Zhong Shen", "zhe'an book collection" and so on. His works include zha'an Shicun and qiucui Zhai CI. Liang Qichao once wrote a preface to his zha'an Shicun and wrote a praise to the Jinshi who had learned the classics. At that time, he, Huang Zunxian, Qiu Fengjia and Ding Shuya were called "four poets of Lingdong" in the poetry circle of Beijing and Shanghai.

At the end of the Qing Dynasty, Lingnan poetry was once brilliant. In addition to Kang Youwei, Liang Qichao and other Weixin poets, there also emerged a group of famous metrical poets represented by Liang dingfen, Zeng Xijing, Luo Dun and Huang Jie, who are known as the "four schools of Modern Lingnan". Among them, Zeng Xijing's poems are highly praised by the world. Qiu Fengjia had a theory of poetry and had learned the classics: "all over the world know that there are Zha nunneries, so we should reopen the history of poetry and make a bold talk." Li Yu Shu, who wrote essays on a thousand li Zhai for fish, highly praised Zeng's study of scriptures. He thought that the study of Scriptures was "the most refined and alert" and that his seven unique poems were "extremely rich in spirit". Di Baoxian also said in the poem talks of the equal Pavilion: "reading zha'an's poems is like drinking wine, which makes people feel intoxicated." Liang Qichao has a higher reputation for Zeng Xijing. In the preface of zha'an Shicun, he said that Zeng Xijing's poems are "bright and exciting, and the word is Wu Jin." Zeng Xijing has a place in the list of national poets and anthologies such as Guangxuan poetry anthologies, nearly 100 years poetry anthologies and poetry anthologies of modern Chinese literature.

experience

The sixth year of Tongzhi in Qing Dynasty

Zeng Xijing was born in June of the sixth year of tongzhi (1867) of the Qing Dynasty and died in October of 1926. He was a native of Jiexi County, with the name of Gangfu and the name of zha'an. His ancestors came from Putian, Fujian, and later moved to Mianhu, JieXi. His grandfather, also known as Qishan, was promoted from supervisor to liupin official post in 1856 because of calming down the riot. His father, Zeng Zhongfu, was a military student, and was the head of Lanling. Zeng Xijing has four brothers, and he ranks third. The brothers received strict etiquette education since childhood, and were deeply influenced by traditional culture.

The 14th year of Guangxu

He had learned Confucian classics, was intelligent and hardworking, and achieved excellent results. He was selected as a county student when he was weak. In 1888, Zhang Zhidong, the governor of Guangdong and Guangxi, hosted Guangya Academy in Guangzhou. He hired Liang dingfen (from Panyu), a famous scholar and poet, as the president of Guangya Academy. He selected high-quality students from various prefectures and counties to go to Guangya for further study. Both Xijing and his elder brother Shujing (zizhuanfu) were selected. Learning classics was taught by famous teachers in the Academy, and his studies were greatly improved, which was deeply appreciated by Liang dingfen. After that, Zeng Xijing went to Guangzhou xuehaitang to study. He had a deep friendship with Liang Qichao and Mai Menghua.

The 15th year of Guangxu

In 1889, Zeng Xijing and his elder brother won the imperial examination together. In the second year, Zeng Xijing went to Beijing to have an examination, and he won the imperial examination. Guangxu eighteen years (1892) had learned by the emperor personally presided over the palace examination, with excellent results, granted the head of the Department. Since then, he has been in officialdom for 20 years. Thanks to the commendation of Weng Tonghe, the Secretary of the Ministry of household affairs, a teacher of Guangxu, a politician and scholar, Zeng Xijing became an official in charge of the Ministry of household affairs, and was soon promoted to a member of the Ministry of household affairs.

The 21st year of Guangxu

Zeng Xijing went to Japan for investigation and made a good friend with Liang Qichao. In 1895, Kang and Liang launched a bus to write a letter, and set up a society to strengthen the capital. For this reason, Zeng Xijing and other reformers, such as Liang Qichao, Mai Menghua, Xia Zengyou and so on, have been "Japanese friends" and "the meeting of literature and wine has never stopped.". As Liang Qichao said in the poem of ice room, at that time, Liang Qichao and Zeng Xijing were "more than ten years old" in the capital; they "sometimes lived together in the Chaozhou guild hall where they lived, and every time they had tea to talk about art, it was common to reach the midnight; in the spring and autumn, they often went out of the suburbs to win the victory of Cuiwei Tanzhe; and because" after their death in Jiawu, they were sad and haggard ", they" sat on the stone of Biyun temple gate all night Bridge, the language of state affairs, holding each other wailing. The next year, Liang Qichao went to Shanghai to run the current affairs daily. Before leaving, he had learned to write a poem and presented it as a gift: "if there is no moon at the head of the building, how can I see you off on horseback?"; when he was young, he personally transferred his horse and worried about the mountain flowers, so he was red. ". The feeling of parting overflows between the lines. Until his later years, the friendship between Zeng and Liang continued unabated. When Mrs. Liang passed away, Liang Qichao asked Zeng Xijing to write a Shinto inscription.

Thirty two years of Guangxu

In the 32nd year of Guangxu (1906), the Department of accounts was changed into the Du branch, and he was promoted to Youcheng of the Du branch by studying economics. He also served as assistant repairer of the law Museum, supervisor of the Bank of Qing Dynasty, promoted by the tax department, general office of the Printing Bureau, etc. At that time, the imperial court implemented the new policy and "created new Ministry Affairs". The tax and coin system was revised in the Du branch, the tax school was established, the paper mill was set up, and the printing office was set up. Zeng Xijing was the organizer of the tax and coin system, and he was "particularly good at making plans" and "had more regulations than just hands". Emperor Guangxu summoned him twice. In 1911, the revolution of 1911 broke out. At the beginning of the next year, Zeng Xijing knew that the Qing government could not continue, that is, he resigned one day before the abdication of the Qing emperor. Later, Yuan Shikai wanted to restore the monarchy and bring talents everywhere. Most of the important people around him were old friends of Xijing. They tried to persuade Xijing to come back. Xijing declined one by one and lived in seclusion in the capital. After that, the government of the Republic of China employed him three times as finance minister and governor of Guangdong Province, but he refused to accept. Since then, he had learned to buy land and build houses in Ninghe Yangcao (now Tianjin), Zhili, and worked hard in Longmu. He called himself "zha'an Jushi". He had lived in seclusion for a long time in the countryside, "singing in the fighting room, not complaining, not being particular, not being happy, not being on the bank", "wearing straw sandals, following the old farmer's class every day, talking about mulberry and hemp, never talking about current affairs". In his spare time, he would go back to his hometown to visit his mother and brother, and often help the poor, sick and lonely among his relatives and friends. When he was in the branch, he was "the most strict in self-discipline", "he could not take anything out of his salary" and "if he went to an official post, he would have no more money to live by himself". Most of Yangcao's land is saline and alkaline, and its management is not good. Therefore, it is "unable to make ends meet at the age of one year". As a result, it has to sell books, calligraphy and paintings, and antiques to make a living. Later, his elder brother and mother died one after another, and he himself suffered from carbuncle and gangrene. According to the chronicle of Liang Qichao, Liang Qichao once visited him. He saw that his carbuncle had broken. He was in great pain. He had to send some money to express his sympathy. On October 4, 1926, Zeng Xijing died in Chaozhou hall, Xuannan, Beijing. He was only 60 years old. His later affairs were all managed by his old friends Liang Qichao and ye gongchuo. Liang Qichao wrote a book for him

Zhuo Bi's talent shows the object without competition, and his straightforward operation gives people amiability. When it is applied to political affairs, it is closely observed in terms of literature and science without losing the grandeur of its utensils; when it is written in terms of words, it is more and more fresh in its arms. If you can't help the drowning of the world with your hand, you should clean your body and go back to the truth after 60. Wu Hu, this Jieyang Zeng Gangfu Youcheng, the first perfect person in the Qing Dynasty.

The feeling of dumping is expressed incisively and vividly.

work

As a famous poet of a generation, he used to study the classics. Although he was good at managing money, he was also good at music. He has the reputation of Gu Quzhou Lang. His posthumous work includes the volume of zha'an Shicun, which was transcribed and finalized by himself before his death, and was photocopied and handed down by Ye gongchuo. Yisheng's works include qiucuizhai Ci, which was collected by Zhu xiaozang and renamed zha'an CI. Another volume, zha'an Wencun, has not been published. There are two aspects in the study of classics

We are worried about the country and the people

Zeng Xijing was in the era of Empress Dowager Cixi's exercising power. He suffered from foreign aggression and internal worries, and the government was not in power. This is reflected in the poet's works, is a sense of worry about the world, "when the voice of a sad break.". For example, one of the series of poems between February and March in Yiwei:

Spring is a long time.

Micro song meaning discomfort, thin drunk not crazy.

I feel tears when I am alone, and I cherish the hurt.

How to make flowers fragrant when you are young?

A total of six poems were written in the second year of Sino Japanese War of 1894-1895. The Treaty of Shimonoseki is about to be signed. He deeply understood that the root cause of China's weakness was the corruption of the Qing government. In order to achieve strength, reform must be carried out first, so he actively supported Kang Liang's reform. Moreover, he was 30 years old at that time, which was the time when Jia Yi gave advice to Emperor Wen of Han Dynasty

Chinese PinYin : Ceng Xi Jing