Cao song
Cao song
Cao song (828-903) was a poet in the late Tang Dynasty. The word dream sign. Shuzhou (now Hewan village, Meicheng Town, Qianshan City, Anqing City, Anhui Province) people. In his early years, he lived in the west mountain of Hongdu to avoid chaos. According to Li pin, the governor of Jianzhou, he later wandered in the rivers and lakes. Guanghua four years (901) Jinshi, specially awarded the school book Lang (secretary province Zhengzi).
Character experience
Cao song's poems are similar in style to Jia Dao's, and he is skilled in casting characters and refining sentences. Because he lived at the bottom of the society, he sympathized with the suffering of the working people and hated war. He wrote in his two poems of Jihai: "when the country enters the war, how can the living people plan to be happy and cut off the Soviet Union? With the words of Junmo, one will succeed and all will die." The critics say that this poem is more refined and meaningful than the predecessors' poems on the same subject.
Cao song was dissatisfied with the reality, but he was keen on fame. He took part in the imperial examination for many times. It was not until 901 that he became a scholar at the age of 71. Because Wang Xiyu, Liu Xiang, Ke Chong, Zheng Xiyan and others in the same list are all over the old age, so they are called "five old list". Cao song was awarded the title of "Xiao Shu Lang" and later the title of "Sheng Zheng Zi". Finally, he died in his old age. There are three volumes of Cao MENGZHENG's poems. There are 140 poems in the whole Tang Dynasty.
A thin scholar of the Tang Dynasty (somewhat similar to LV Dongbin) riding on a donkey, with worries and fatigue on his face, and wearing a worn-out blue cloth, always bumps and trudges on the rugged mountain road, from youth, middle age to old age. He walked and stopped, stopped and sang, and the donkey always carried a pair of bookcases on his back. Because although he spent his whole life working for a living, he also spent his whole life reading, taking exams, reciting poems and writing Fu.
He had a dream of being an official, serving the court and benefiting his family. He chanted bitterly for the unfortunate people and innocent civilians in the war. He hated the bandits who were fighting against each other and were feudal lords. Anger comes from the poet, and his two songs of the age of Jihai is a clear proof of this? With the words of Junmo, one will become famous and ten thousand bones will wither. " It's the last sentence of the ages.
He finally passed the Jinshi examination, which was the first year of emperor Zhaozong's Tianfu (901 AD), that is to say, he was over seventy years old at that time, and he really got his hair white. It's strange that there are five old people in that list. They are Wang Xiyu, Liu Xiang, Ke Chong and Zheng Xiyan. Because of this, they are called "five old list".
It is said that the number of Jinshi in the Tang Dynasty was very small; it is said that the examination papers in the Tang Dynasty were not sealed, that is to say, the names and native places of examinees were open; it is said that in the Tang Dynasty (especially in the late Tang Dynasty), the atmosphere of the examination room was very corrupt (the unsealed examination papers undoubtedly created conditions for corruption). Because of these, it is said that many real talents often fall behind. Cao MENGZHENG was finally able to pass the entrance examination. Although he was a white headed man, he was also congratulatory. Therefore, he was awarded the title of "school scholar" and later the title of secretary. It's a pity that in his old age, after only two years as an official, he died.
Fortunately, he died in 903. He didn't see Zhu Wen killing emperor Zhao in 904, or Zhu Wen rebelling against Tang Dynasty in 907, or the ten kings who followed.
Although he is a white headed Jinshi, Cao song is still on the list after all. Thinking about how many people have got white hair in the examination for thousands of years, he finally walked into the tomb with a sigh. Cao song is the lucky one among the misfortunes. His official fortune is not good, and there are still some literary fortunes. His poetry has been recognized. Critics believe that "his style is like Jia Dao, and he is skilled in refining words, and his artistic conception is deep and quiet.". He left three volumes of Cao MENGZHENG's poetry anthology and 140 poems in the whole Tang Dynasty.
Character works
Cao song
The picture of Zeguo entering the war,
He Jile, the living people, is the best choice for qiaosu.
Don't talk about Marquises,
A man's success is the end of all his bones.
The title of the poem is "the year of Jihai", with a note on the title: "the first year of Guangming of Xizong." According to "Jihai" as the branch of the sixth year of Qianfu, the year before Guangming, the poem was written in the first year of Guangming. It is clear that the poem is about the living social reality.
After the an Shi rebellion, the war was first in Hebei and then spread into the Central Plains. At the end of the Tang Dynasty, a large-scale peasant uprising took place, and the Tang Dynasty carried out a ferocious suppression. The south of Dajiang also became a battlefield. This is the so-called "picture of the country entering the war". The poem does not directly say that the disaster of war has affected the Jianghan River Valley (Zeguo), but only that this area of rivers and mountains has been drawn into the war map, expressing euphemistic twists and turns, so that readers can imagine the reality of war, chaos, iron and blood through a "War Map". This is a successful example of the poet's use of image thinking.
What followed was the death of all living beings. Firewood is firewood and grass is su. Qiao Su's life plan was originally hard, but there was no joy to speak of. However, "it's better to be a peace dog than a people in troubled times". In the eyes of the "living people" who are displaced and struggling on the line of life and death, if they can fight firewood and mow grass peacefully, they will be happy. It's a pity that this kind of joy can't be regained today. It is thought-provoking to use the word "Le" to contrast the unbearable sufferings of "living people". In ancient times, the number of leaders in wars was counted as merit. Wars caused cruel massacres and countless deaths of the people. It's a bloody reality. Although the first two sentences of the poem are understated, there are blood and tears between the lines. This naturally forces out the last two painful calls.
"With the words of Junmo, a general's achievements will be exhausted." Here, the "Marquis" issue is targeted: in the sixth year of Qianfu (i.e. "the year of Jihai"), Zhenhai Jiedushi Gao Pian was awarded for his "achievements" in suppressing the Huangchao uprising army in Huainan, which is nothing more than "the achievements are killing more people". People's hair is cold when they hear it. No wonder the poet closed his eyes and waved his hand and said, "don't talk about Marquis affairs.". A word "by" means between "please" and "beg". Its tone is softer than that of "please", which means: please, don't mention the words of marquis. The bitter and sour sound of the word comes from this word.
The last sentence is the whole poem's warning: "one will succeed, ten thousand bones wither.". It has abundant meaning. Compared with the sentence "poor bones save solitary graves, all for the general to seek war merit" (Zhang Chongbin's "hanging ten thousand graves"), the number of words is reduced by half, which means more than twice. It not only contains the realistic content of "generals boast of their swords, and their merits lie in killing more people" (Liu Shang's "camp is a matter of fact"), but also has the meaning of "soldiers are reckless, generals are empty" (Li Bai's "battle in the south of the City"), that is to say, generals are awarded with the high cost of soldiers' sacrifice. Secondly, the contrast between "one" and "Wan" and "Rong" and "Ku" is striking. The word "bone" is extremely shocking. The contrast technique and the use of the word "bone" are similar to the astonishing sentence "Zhu men stinks of wine and meat, and the road is frozen to death". They reveal the historical essence of feudal society from different aspects, and they are very typical. The first three sentences only mean three parts, and the words are euphemistic. However, this sentence is very deliberate and has sound. In contrast, the words are more important.
In memory of GUI Xiu's going to the king of Yue stage,
It's not easy to cut when thinking about Lingao.
There are no geese to be a guest,
There are books in my hometown.
In the early days of the city, the frost blows out,
Guoli residual tide swings back to the moon.
My heart is like a hundred flowers in bloom,
Every year, I was urged by spring.
Cao song, a native of Shuzhou, lived in Fujian and Guangdong for a long time. This poem is the work of his homesickness when he stayed in Nanhai for years. The author takes the surging and fluctuating thoughts as the structural clue of the whole poem. Against the unique geographical background of Guangzhou, the author focuses on highlighting the echoes of climbing, family letters, moonlight and spring in the author's heart to express his thoughts of detention in the South China Sea.
The first couplet "recalling Guixiu, going to the yuewangtai, thinking of Lingao is not easy to cut" is written from the famous yuewangtai in Guangzhou, but it is contrary to the traditional writing method of "looking at Danggui from afar" of the predecessors, and it is written in an original way to "recalling Guixiu", so as to avoid the flood of thinking and not easy to cut. Such a renovated artistic technique breaks away from the stereotype and makes the reflection of the past very graceful and profound. Jin Shengtan praised these two sentences as "suddenly turning over the old saying of" Yuanwang Danggui "and becoming a brand new and wonderful one" (collection a of Shengtan criticizing Tang Poetry), which is quite right. The poet skillfully used the legend that the wild geese could not fly south to Hengshan and return to Yanfeng. He wrote about the distance between the South China Sea and his hometown and expressed his frustration that he could not receive letters from home. In other words, there is a sigh that the guest is too remote. Li Yu's "there is no basis for the sound of wild geese" (qingpingle) is about the disappointment of seeing wild geese but not letters; Cao song can't even see wild geese, let alone look forward to the letter from home, so he uses the rhetorical question "who has the book to show his infinite frustration".
The neck couplet "the early corner of the city blows away the frost, and the residual tide in Guoli swings back to the moon" shows the desolate scenery that evokes the author's thoughts day by day. To write about the morning scene is to say that with the bleak sound of the morning corner, the frost disappears in the morning; to write about the evening scene is to say that with the residual tide of the night, the moon comes back. The description of this couplet reminds us of the relevant verses in Tang Poetry: "three plays will be dawn before the end of the day, who can't afford to look at homesickness" (Wu Yuanheng's Shan Yu Xiao Jiao); "Huichao Dong Ke Si" (Li Yi's sending the envoy to Zhongcheng to Silla for a memorial ceremony); "looking up at the bright moon, looking down to think about his hometown" (Li Bai's meditation on a quiet night). It seems that in the eyes of the Tang people, the bright moon, the dawn corner and the residual tide are all the scenes that affect the return home. If we say that Li Bai's "meditation on a quiet night" has written the homesickness aroused for a time, then the scenery of Cao song's couplet is integrated into the endless homesickness produced by the author's years of detention in the South China Sea.
In the ordinary days, I can barely restrain myself, but when the new year comes, I can't help it. Because the Spring Festival reminds him to stay in a foreign land for another year, which makes him think about the past and have mixed feelings. "The heart is like a hundred flowers blooming yet to be obtained, and it is urged by spring every year", which vividly reveals the fetters
Chinese PinYin : Cao Song
Cao song
