Yan Jidao

Yan Jidao

Yan Jidao (May 29, 1038-1110) was a famous poet in the Northern Song Dynasty. Shuyuan word, No. hill, Fuzhou Linchuan port Shahe (now belongs to Jinxian County, Nanchang City, Jiangxi Province) people. Yan Shu's seventh son.

He successively served as governor of Xutian town of Yingchang Prefecture, general judge of qianning army, judge of Kaifeng Prefecture, etc. He is lonely and proud, middle-aged and his family is in decline. Together with his father Yan Shu, he was called "Er Yan". The style of Ci is like the father. He is famous for his simple language and deep feelings. Express your feelings and be forthright. Writing more about love life is an important writer of the graceful school. There is xiaoshanci left in the world.

Life of the characters

Early experience

Just like Jia Baoyu in a dream of Red Mansions, Yan Jidao was born with a golden spoon. His father, Yan Shu, was an official. Compared with his political achievements, his literary talent and CI are more commendable. When Yan Jidao was born, Yan Shu was 47 years old. As the youngest son in his family, Yan Jidao was favored by his father. Yan Jidao was very intelligent since he was young. He inherited his father's excellent literary skills. He was able to write articles at the age of 7 and took the imperial examination at the age of 14. I came back as a Jinshi. Yan Jidao was born and grew up in a pile of fat and powder in qiluo. He was surrounded by pearls and had beautiful clothes and food. His daily life is full of ups and downs of lyrics, poetry and wine, fighting chickens and horses, and enjoying luxury. His six elder brothers have entered the official career, while Yan Jidao lives a leisurely and romantic life.

the family is in straitened circumstances

Yan Shu died in the second year of Renzong Zhihe (1055), and Yan Jidao's happy life ended. He immediately felt the frost and snow sword of the real society. He and his six elder brother Zhide, his eight younger brother chuanzheng and his four sisters were still young. Later, he was "nursed and nursed" by his second elder brother Chengyu's wife, Zhang, and married. Later, Enyin prayed for Taichang temple. In 1074, Zheng Xia, a friend of Yan Jidao, was charged by Luo Zhiming and handed over to the imperial censor for punishment for opposing Wang Anshi's political reform. From Zheng Xia's home, the political opponents found a song with Zheng Jiefu written by Yan Jidao, which said: "Xiao Bai is always red and full of branches, and he can help himself outside the stadium. Since spring breeze is a guest of the world, how long will it be prosperous? " In the name of satirizing the "New Deal" and opposing reform, these people arrested Yan Jidao and put him in prison. Later, Emperor Shenzong of Song Dynasty released Yan Jidao. Although this incident was not dangerous, but after such a toss, the family background of the Yan family was even more meager, and the situation of the Yan family went from bad to worse. This incident was also a big blow to Yan Jidao. He was reduced from a scholar to a down and out aristocrat.

Yuanfeng's past

In the first year of Yuanfeng, Emperor Shenzong of Song Dynasty (1077), his good friend Wang humerus died, and Yan Jidao was asked to write a preface to his posthumous writings. In the second and third years of Yuanfeng period, Huang Tingjian went to the Ministry of officials to change his official rank. Yan Jidao and he met again. They often drank and sang in the Jizhao room. Sometimes they fell drunk by the side of the restaurant. Sometimes they stayed together at night to talk about the situation and ambitions. "All of them have feelings of thousands of miles, and the snow plum blossoms in the mountains" (Huang Tingjian's "Uncle CI Yun would have been in the Jizhao room", see volume 7 of "notes to poems outside the valley") Extraordinary. At that time, Yan Jidao was in his prime of life. He was devoted to the spirit and righteousness of the people. He was heroic and had a reputation.

Song Shenzong Yuanfeng five years (1082), jianyingchang Xutian town. At this time, in Yingchang officialdom, the magistrate Han Wei was Yan Shu's disciple. With this special relationship and his confidence in his talent, Yan Jidao boldly presented his Ci to Han Wei at the beginning of taking office. Han Wei gave a quick reply, saying that I have read all your words and works, "those who have more than enough talent to cover but less than enough virtue". I hope you can "donate more talent to make up for less virtue", and do not let me down as an "old official under the door" expectation! Instead of the warmth of the Yan Family students in the past, he was a Taoist face and his parents made a style. After reading it, Yan Jidao felt as if he had been splashed with cold water in the winter, and his whole body was very cold. In the seventh year of Yuanfeng (1084), Huang Tingjian moved to Deping town of Dezhou (now Dexian County of Shandong Province). He wrote ten poems on Chengping and Taikang roads near Bianjing to express his thoughts on Yan Jidao and Wang humerus. But by this time, Yan Jidao had already been far away from the South of the Yangtze River and could not get together.

Life in old age

At the beginning of yuan you, the Song Dynasty philosopher Zong, the name of Yan Jidao's Ci was widely spread in the capital. Su Shi once asked Huang Tingjian to change his wish to meet him, but he replied. "I have no time to see half of my old guests in the political affairs hall." (Lu You's Yanbei magazine quoted Shao Zemin as saying) his ci Qi is rather arrogant. During this period, Huang Tingjian wrote a preface to his own anthology. At the beginning of Chongning, Huizong was transferred from qianning army to Kaifeng Tui Guan because of his reputation. In the fourth year of Chongning (1105), the Kaifeng government had two prisons, and Yan Jidao became an official. In the first year of Daguan (1107), Cai Jing was in great power. He sent guests to write long and short sentences on the ninth day of the ninth lunar month and the winter solstice. At that time, he was an old man.

In 1110, Yan Jidao died peacefully. He left, but xiaoshanci, a collection of his whole life's efforts, has been handed down for thousands of years, lasting and new.

personal works

Personal achievement

He has written a volume of Xiaoshan Ci, which contains 260 poems, including 3 long tunes, and the rest are Xiaoling. His Xiaoling CI developed to a peak in the early Song Dynasty. With the artistic quality of Qing Zhuang and frustration, he combined the elegant and rich features of Yan Shu's dictionary with the beautiful and vulgar features of Liu Yong's Ci, and the typical musical image of elegant and vulgar lyrics, which made CI an artistic form of grand elegance and achieved the historic role of reversing the abolition of elegant songs.

Characteristics of literature

Huang Tingjian once listed Yan Jidao's "four infatuated places in his life" in the preface to xiaoshanci: "it's infatuated to be an official, but not to be near the door of a noble person; it's another infatuation that his thesis has its own style, and he refuses to make a new Jinshi language; it's another infatuation that he spends millions of money, his family is cold and hungry, and his face looks like a child; it's another infatuation that he doesn't hate when he's full of burdens, and he believes in others It's another "fool". It seems to be derogatory, but in fact it is praise. What's more, it highlights the characteristic of Yan Jidao's personality - infatuation, that is infatuation. A "Xiaoshan Ci", the pure love and infatuation of the lyric interpretation incisively and vividly. Its sincere, profound and persistent emotional expression has become the most prominent feature of Xiaoshan Ci, which is embodied in the following aspects

1. The character of pure and sharp feeling and the characteristic of infatuation

Truth and infatuation are the characteristics of Yan Jidao's personality, which runs through all his works. His poems are full of sorrow and sadness. Feng Xu said that he was "a sad man in ancient times", while Huang Tingjian said that Yan Jidao's poems are "strong and vigorous, and can shake people's hearts", which is completely different from the light sadness and philosophy of Da Yan's poems.

Mr. Lu Xun once pointed out incisively: "only those who have deep feelings can have deep feelings." In fact, many of the most affectionate images in xiaoshanci are the true portrayal of Yan Jidao. In the pure love of xiaoshanci, there are "infatuation" factors at work. Whether it is to pursue the past, to write about the happy experience of love, or to leave sentimentally, to express the deep feelings of Acacia, are full of a strong emotion, which is often rendered to a very strong level, nearly crazy, even "unreasonable", so that it is called "ghost language".

2. Lyrical "turning inward" and personalization

By Yan Jidao's time, the lyric lyrics had obviously changed from the amorous songs of the late Tang and Five Dynasties to the lyrics of one's own feelings. On the whole, Yan Jidao's Ci works have been separated from the nature of making fun of singing and dancing, and they are more personal than the amorous words without personality in Huajian Ji. This is a little different. Yan Jidao's sentimental words with specific reference have jumped out of other erotic words, with the focus turning inward and deep, not entangled in the erotic thing itself, but focusing on the telepathy and resonance in the love between men and women. What we try to excavate and express is the emotion in the heart, which is deeper, more detailed and more subtle.

3. The language is deep and delicate, and the emotion is twists and turns.

Yan Jidao's Ci is often used with heavy language and strong emotion. For example, the use of the word "pinyin" is the prominent term of Yan Jidao's Ci. After leaving, the sound of beauty is quiet, thin is hard to spell. (ugly slave), where it's hard to spell (the wind blows into the pine), and where it's easy to spell wet sleeves (huanxisha). These words and sentences are used to express the uncontrollable emotion, the determination of the protagonist to do anything for emotion, or the irresistible emotion. This word "spell" has become a very vivid expression of emotion in Xiaoshan Ci, and also an image of Yan Jidao's bitter love complex. The poet's very emotional and crazy mood and modality are vividly expressed in this "spell". In addition, words with strong emotional color, such as "Luan", "drunk", "broken", "annoyed" and "FanJie", appear frequently in xiaoshanci.

It is an important manifestation of the poet's emotional twists and turns. Yan Jidao can be said to be a master of writing love with dreams. The word "dream" can be seen everywhere. According to statistics, 57% of his poems are about dreams, accounting for about a quarter of all his poems. Dream has become a powerful way to express emotion. Whether it is a dream to recall the past, or to express the feeling that life is like a dream, or to express the feeling of Acacia and nostalgia, or to entrust the dream with the wishes that are difficult to realize in reality, it is nothing more than a way of emotional catharsis under the depression.

To sum up, Yan Jidao, a pure love poet who is good at love, has his own characteristics

Chinese PinYin : Yan Ji Dao