Fang Guancheng

Fang Guancheng

Fang Guancheng (1698-1768), a native of Tongcheng County, Anhui Province, was named XiaGu, Wenting and Yitian. Minister of the Qing Dynasty, the son of the cabinet secretary.

In the ninth year of Yongzheng reign, he became a counselor of fupeng, the king of Pingjun Prefecture, who attacked Junggar with the army and gave the cabinet a letter. In the second year of Qianlong's reign, he served as Zhang Jing, a military plane, and was transferred to the doctor of the Ministry of official affairs. He successively served as the Qinghe Daotai, the inspector general, the chief executive of Zhili, and the governor of Zhili.

In August of the 33rd year of Emperor Qianlong, he died at the age of 71. He was named Kemin after his posthumous title and was worshipped in Xianliang temple. He wrote the collection of poems in shubentang, the painting of cotton in yuti and the collection of Wenting.

Life of the characters

Early experience

Fang Guancheng was born in Tongcheng, Anhui Province in 1698. Fang Guancheng's grandfather, Fang Dengyi, was an official in charge of the Ministry of industry. Fang Guancheng's father was Ji. He became a scholar in the 48th year of Emperor Kangxi (1709) and became an official in the cabinet. In 1711, Dai Mingshi, the editor of the Imperial Academy, was impeached by Zhao Shenqiao, the censor of zuodu of the Academy of inspection, and sentenced to death two years later for his work Nanshan Ji, which recorded the history of the reign of King GUI of the Southern Ming Dynasty and used the title of the third or fifth year of the Southern Ming Dynasty. Because Dai Mingshi quoted Fang Guancheng's great grandfather Fang xiaobiao's works in his collection of Nanshan, the Fang family was implicated. Fang Guancheng's grandfather and father were exiled to Heilongjiang. Fang Guancheng and his elder brother were not exiled because they were young. They lived in Qingliangshan temple in Nanjing and depended on monks to help them. Every year, the two brothers travel thousands of miles between Heilongjiang and Nanjing to visit their relatives outside the Great Wall. The early rough experience did not make Fang Guancheng depressed, but tempered his will and laid the foundation for his future actions.

rapidly go up in the world

After his grandfather and father died one after another in Heilongjiang Province, Fang Guancheng, a poor man, was exiled in the capital and made a living by measuring characters outside Donghua gate. In a subsequent chance, Fang Guancheng was chosen by fupeng, the prince of Pingjun, and became an aide in his mansion. In 1732, fupeng, the king of Pingjun, was appointed as the general of Dingbian and went to fight in Junggar. Fang Guancheng was selected by fupeng as a counselor, and was recommended by fupeng to Emperor Yongzheng, and got the title of secretary in the cabinet. In the early years of Qianlong, after Fu Peng's army returned to the army, Fang Guancheng first served as the Secretary of the cabinet. Soon after that, in the second year of Qianlong (1737), Fang Guancheng entered the military aircraft department as Zhang Jing of the military aircraft, and later served as a doctor of the Ministry of officials. In the seventh year of Qianlong's reign (1742), he served as Qinghe River in Zhili, and accompanied Shi Yizhi, acting governor of Zhili, to inspect Yongding River works. One year later, Fang Guancheng was promoted to Zhili's envoy. In the ninth year of Qianlong (1744), Fang Guancheng accompanied the Bachelor of Baohe palace to explore the river course and seawall projects. In the same year, he was promoted to the post of chief minister of Zhili, and took charge of the taxation of a province. In 1746, Fang Guancheng acted as governor of Shandong, and was promoted to governor of Zhejiang two years later. In 1749, in addition to acting as governor of Shaanxi and Gansu in 1755, Fang Guancheng served as governor of Zhili for 20 years until his death. Although Fang Guancheng was not on the right track to become an official, he began to work in politics at the age of 32, but his promotion was rapid. It took him 17 years to go from a cabinet secretary of seven grades to a governor of Zhili of one grade. Looking at his position, Fang Guancheng has held several important positions, and his promotion speed is not bad.

Reclamation of seawall

In 1748, Fang Guancheng was promoted to governor of Zhejiang Province. During the term of governor, Fang Guancheng visited the site many times to investigate the seawall project. He found that part of the seawall river diversion area had become land. After Fang Guancheng's repeated inspection, he measured more than 350000 mu of arable land, and formulated relevant management system, so that the poor got some arable land. After Fang Guancheng memorialized this practice to Emperor Qianlong, he was praised by him.

Harnessing water conservancy

In 1749, Fang Guancheng was promoted to governor of Zhili. There were five rivers in Zhili Province at that time, among which Yongding River was the most difficult to control. At the beginning of his term of office, Fang Guancheng went up to Emperor Qianlong and asked him to "Yongding River is under Liugong, the shape of the river is high, please change the old North dike to the lower entrance, so that the water can flow freely in the land." in the spring of 1750, Emperor Qianlong showed Fang Guancheng the picture of "Douban Ji mankou" by Gao Bin, governor of Jiangnan River, and ordered him to harness Yongding River in the same way. Fang Guancheng thinks that "the situation of Yongding River is different from that of doubanji. Doubanji is overflowing with the residual water of Zhonghe River, so it can be constructed at the place where the water is gentle. In Yongding, the south is the gap of the moon dike, and the north is the overflow of the dike. If only the moon dike is blocked, it will make the overflow water have no place to go, so the overflow can only be blocked. " In 1753, Fang Guancheng asked Liu Gongwei on the North Bank of Yongding to open a dike to discharge water from Fenghe River to Daqing River. Later, it was asked to build a remote dam outside the North dam of Xiakou for the purpose of unifying sand and dispersing water, and build the East dike of Fenghe River to connect with the remote dam. Fang Guancheng's above suggestions were approved by Emperor Qianlong and implemented.

Much favored

Fang Guancheng served as governor of Zhili for 20 years. As a gentleman, he was honest and upright; as a feudal official, he did everything in detail, and was appreciated by Emperor Qianlong. In the 28th year of Emperor Qianlong (1763), there was water in Tianjin and other places. Fang Guancheng was careless and should have been removed from office, but Emperor Qianlong condoned him. However, the censor Ji Mengxiong and Zhu Xujing later impeached Fang Guancheng for his illegal acts. Instead of blaming Fang Guancheng, Emperor Qianlong protected him. In 1765, Emperor Qianlong visited the South and gave poetry to Fang Guancheng. All the above events can show that Fang Guancheng worked hard for politics and was appreciated by the emperor.

Character ending

In 1768, Fang Guancheng suffered from malaria. In August of that year, he died in office. He was 71 years old, and his posthumous title was Kemin.

Historical records

The history of the Qing Dynasty: biography of Fang Guancheng, the record of Emperor Gaozong of the Qing Dynasty, and the new records of Xuanhua County

Anecdotes and allusions

During Fang Guancheng's long journey, there are many touching stories, the most famous of which is the so-called "car hat friendship". One year, Fang Guancheng, who once again went north to visit his relatives, was walking alone on Shandong road. Shen Tingfang, a Hangzhou native, and Chen Cha, a Hainan native, happened to take a bus to Kyoto to take an exam together. When they saw that the young Fang Guancheng was walking with the car all the way, his clothes were not neat, and he was tired, but he had a lofty head and strict lifting and stopping, so they couldn't help asking each other. During the conversation, Shen Tingfang and Chen Chu are deeply sympathetic when they learn about Fang Guancheng's life experience, so they invite him to take a bus with them. The problem was that the car was so small that it could only accommodate two people. So they decided to walk 30 miles and ride 60 miles in turn. The three arrived in the capital in this way. When Shen and Chen parted with Fang Guancheng, they gave him new clothes and felt hats to protect him from the cold. A few decades later, Fang Guancheng, who had already been a member of Fang Guancheng, learned that Shen Tingfang (Shandong Denglai qingdaotai) and Chen Chu (Yunnan magistrate) were going to Beijing to report their work. When they passed through their official residence, they immediately sent people to invite Shen and Chen to their house. They met with great emotion and could not help tears.

Relative members

Great grandfather: Fang xiaobiao. Fang Dengyi, his grandfather, was sent to Heilongjiang Province because of the case of Nanshan collection. father: by way of economy, the official wrote to the cabinet and was assigned to Heilongjiang Province for the case of Nanshan collection. Elder brother: Fang guanyong; son: Fang weidian, governor of Fujian and Zhejiang. Nephew: Fang shouchou was the governor of Zhili. Sun: Fang Chuanmu was the governor of Yuanzhou.

Character evaluation

"Qing history draft" evaluation: "the view of the commitment to work hard in the right, the political line of Gideon."

Chinese PinYin : Fang Guan Cheng