Wen Tong

Wen Tong

Wentong / wenyuke (1018-1079), whose name is Yuke, is Xiaoxiao Jushi and Mr. Xiaoxiao. He was born in Yongtai County, Zitong County, Zizhou in the Northern Song Dynasty. Famous painter and poet. In 1049, Emperor Renzong of the Song Dynasty was a Jinshi. He moved to Taichang, a doctor of Taichang and a school manager of Jixian. He served as a governor of Qiongzhou, Dayi, Lingzhou, Yangzhou (now Yangxian County in Shaanxi Province). In the early years of Yuanfeng, Wentong went to Huzhou (now Wuxing, Zhejiang Province) to take office, which is known as wenhuzhou. On the 20th of the first month of the second year of Yuanfeng (1079), Wen Tong died of illness in Chenzhou (now Huaiyang County, Henan Province). He died before taking office. He was 61 years old. He and Su Shi are cousins. They are famous for their learning and good at poetry, calligraphy and painting. They are highly praised by Wen Yanbo, Sima Guang and others, especially by Su Shi.

Simultaneous interpreting

Biography of Song History

Wentong, the word and can, Zizhou Yanting County people, Han WenWeng, Shu people still with "Shishi" name of their home. Tongfangkou Xiumei, famous for learning, elegant in rhyme, self named Mr. Xiaoxiao. He is good at poetry, writing, Zhuan, Li, Xing, Cao and feibai. Wenyanbo keeps Chengdu, which is very strange. He wrote a letter saying: "with the rhyme of the placket, it's like the clear clouds and Autumn Moon, and the dust doesn't arrive." Sima Guang and Su Shiyou respected him. Shi, along with his cousin. At the same time, he was good at painting bamboo. At the beginning, he was not valuable. People from all over the world asked him to walk on the door. With disgust, throw in the ground, scold said: "I will think socks." Good news is said to be true. At the beginning of his career, he moved to Taichang and Jixian school to know Lingzhou and Yangzhou. At the beginning of Yuanfeng, I knew Huzhou. Next year, I arrived at wanqiu post in Chenzhou, but I couldn't do it. I bathed in clothes, sat down and died.

Cui Gongdu and his colleagues share the same position in the library, but when he meets Jingnan, he has no words and will leave. But he says, "will you come back tomorrow? Talk with the son. Gongdu means to take "words" as "painting", and go back tomorrow, with the same saying: "and Gonghua". Then look around for fear of hearing. Only when we are fair can we know that there will be words, not paintings. The same saying: "if I hear that people don't speak falsely, my tongue can pass my nose.". That is, spit out its tongue, three fold of such as cake shape, lead to eyebrows, Gongdu big surprise. And Jing Zhong Zhuan died together, Gongdu is the realization of the non living. There are forty volumes of Danyuan collection.

explain

Wen Tong once proofread the new book of Tang Dynasty. Su Shi, his cousin, once praised him as a master of poetry, CI, painting and cursive writing. He once went deep into the bamboo village to observe and understand. He wrote quickly and depicted the distance and back of bamboo in ink. The painter Mi Fu praised him

“

To ink deep for the surface, light for the back, from and can also start

”

. It created a new situation of ink bamboo painting.

His cursive script has been lost, and there are still four ink bamboo paintings handed down. Later generations have compiled 40 volumes of Dan Yuan Ji and two volumes of collected materials, with the epitaph written by fan Bailu and the chronology written by Jia Chengzhi.

Artistic achievements

painting

Wentong is famous for his bamboo painting. He pays attention to experience and advocates to write with a clear mind. He painted bamboo leaves with thick ink as the surface and light ink as the back. Many scholars worked on it and formed a school of ink and bamboo, which is known as "master of ink and bamboo" and also known as "wenhuzhou bamboo school". The idiom of "having a plan in mind" originated from his idea of painting bamboo.

Wen Tong has a deep and meticulous observation of bamboo, so his bamboo painting method is strict. At the same time, as a literary minister, his works are different from professional painters. According to the record of seeing and hearing pictures, his ink bamboo "is rich in natural and unrestrained posture, and is a star of Tanluan.". "Xuanhe Huapu" further points out that his works "embodying the interest of things, can be seen in the battle of ink and wash".

We can see the characteristics of Wentong's ink and bamboo paintings. It can be said that the appearance of Wentong's works is one of the signs of the rise of literati painting. Wen Tong's ink bamboo works had an important influence on many painters at that time, such as Su Shi, Wang Tingyun's father and son in Jin Dynasty, Li Kan in Yuan Dynasty and so on.

Wen Tong advocated that bamboo painting should be "well-rounded". The bamboo leaves are created with deep ink as the surface and light ink as the back. In Yangzhou, there are many bamboo groves in the valley, so it is better to draw bamboo. He exchanged poems with his cousin Su Shi and established the theme of four gentlemen. Its bamboo painting, "deep ink for the face, light ink for the back.". Later, most of the bamboo painters learned from it, which is known as "Huzhou bamboo school". In the Yuan Dynasty, ink and bamboo painting became popular. Famous artists such as Li Heng and Zhao Mengfu were the successors of Huzhou school and had a great influence on later generations. I also like to write about the ancient wood and the old Cha, and write about the mountains and rivers.

There is a so-called invisible stele on the stone wall of Heilongtan in Renshou County, Sichuan Province. The gray stone surface is smooth and traceless, but after splashing water, it shows a branch of ink bamboo. According to local people, it is the work of Wen Tong. Su Shi: Volume 32 of the collection of Su Dongpo, the record of Wen He Ke's painting Yuandang Valley Yan bamboo, says, "when painting bamboo, you must first become a bamboo in your heart. When you write well, you can see who you want to paint. "Wenhuzhou bamboo school, signed by Wu Zhen, lists 25 ink and bamboo painters after Wentong. The school was formed among Wentong's relatives and friends, such as his wife, nephew, children, grandson and cousin Su Shi. Huzhou bamboo school has been influential for more than 800 years since the Song Dynasty. The most famous beneficiaries are Gao Kegong, Zhao Mengfu, Li Heng, Ke Jiusi and Wuzhen in the Yuan Dynasty, Wang Fu in the Ming Dynasty and Zheng Xie in the Qing Dynasty.

The simultaneous interpreting of Wen Tong's works is rare. Today's the Imperial Palace Bamboo Museum in Taipei is a genuine bamboo painting, with a real image and a rigorous brush. There is a copy of Mo Zhu Tu in Guangdong Museum. In the painting of ink bamboo, the scroll is nameless, but it has two seals: Jingxian studio. Wen Tong and Ke. Painting cliff hanging bamboo, the main curved health, to the end and slightly Yang, implied in the bend Fu hidden strong business. The branches and leaves are very dense, alternating with each other, and each has its own posture. The ink color of the leaves depends on each other. Just as Mi Fu's paper with the painting of bamboo cloud: "with the depth of ink as the surface and the light ink as the back, you can start with it." In Northern Song Dynasty, ink bamboo is still a newly developed painting art, which is related to the contemporary style of fine brushwork and realistic flowers. Therefore, there is no "Jie" and "claw" style of leaf curling, nor the continuous brushwork between bamboo knots. The general painting method is different from the literati's bamboo painting in Yuan Dynasty and after.

poems

Wen Tong highly praised Mei Yaochen in his poetry creation. His Zhifu yuan describes the hard work of Zhifu, which was made difficult by the officials. It is the same as Mei Yaochen's poetry reflecting the suffering of the people. His landscape poems are more distinctive. For example, "the smoke is far away, the water is falling, the sunshine is high, and a pheasant is flying in the forest" (from early sunny day to baoenshan Temple); "the cattle are lying around the stream in Shenjia, and the chickens are flying all over the field" (from late to the village), etc.); it is vivid, just like a picture, which fully shows the characteristics of the painter and poet who is good at taking scenery and describing. In his poems, he often compared the natural scenery to the famous paintings of his predecessors, such as "sitting alone in the water Pavilion, people can't get there, the forest is like hanging the picture of birds in the dark" ("sending a scholar on the snow lake in the evening)", "Li Chengru on the mountain peaks, fan kuanneng on the valley" ("changju"), which added a new way to describe the scenery in ancient poetry, which had the same significance as the painters were willing to look for the painting in the poems of the former people at that time It is clear that the two arts of poetry and painting in the early Northern Song Dynasty have been more closely combined, which is a step forward compared with Wang Wei's "painting in poetry". At the same time, he also wrote poems, such as "send Taoist Li home".

He wrote 40 volumes of Danyuan collection and 2 volumes of Shiyi, which were compiled by Zeng and Sun Wen, with 1 volume of annals and 2 volumes of appendix. There are "four series" Yingming edition.

Water bridge

Jishui for qiaojialing people, the structure of high acupoints deep, bitter and pungent;

Ten li between all this, wheat into the face of no empty people.

Those who live in danger are very thin, and they live by the Bank of the river.

The imperial court sent envoys to promote water conservancy, and hor flat wheel and side wheel.

notes:

Water mill (w è I): water mill. The use of hydraulic rotary grinding equipment.

Structure height: refers to the water bridge structure tall. Hole depth: refers to the deep excavation. Good: very good.

Fan: all. This: refers to the water bridge.

No empty person: no free time. Refers to people who grind noodles one after another.

PI Meng: the farmer. Hooligan: people.

Eat this: eat on this.

Ho: sorry, sorry. Flat wheel and side wheel: on behalf of the whole water bridge. Because the water bridge hinders the flow of water and is harmful to water conservancy, the construction of water conservancy is often destroyed.

Brief analysis:

The title of this poem "Shuiqiao" focuses on the hard life of those who take Shuiqiao as their business. In the first two sentences, it is not easy for Jialing people to build a water mill, and the words "good, bitter and bitter" contain endless exclamations. Three or four sentences describe the function of Shuiqiao, and two sentences reveal the important role of Shuimo in local people's life. In the May sixth sentence, the local land is barren and the products are scarce. The farmers who set up Shuiqiao can only use Shuiqiao as the source of food and clothing. Because of the construction of water conservancy, the imperial court wanted to demolish the water bridge, which made the prospect of rural life worrying.

This poem is not to blame the imperial court for building water conservancy, but to lament the hardship and poverty of farmers living in the Jialing mountain area. It reflects the author's concern for the suffering of the people. It is not only to "build water conservancy", but also to make the water conservancy workers live a carefree life. This is what the author hopes, and it is also an important motive for the creation of this poem.

Late at home

The stone path of Qiaoque on the plateau is small, and the lane is bright and fading.

Old train wind picking mulberry, white format volume water rice.

Deep Jia bypass stream cattle scattered lying, plot wheat field chicken flying.

Before the stream and after the valley, the smoke rises at dusk, and the children go out of the gate.

notes:

Qi ā oqu è: the land is barren. Small stone diameter: narrow stone road. In Han Yu's Shan Shi, the sentence meaning of "Shan Shi Zhen Wei" is used.

Extinction: flickering and flickering.

Train (J): skirt or sleeve, refers to clothes, on behalf of the farmer's wife picking mulberry.

Ji á: white jacket. This refers to the farmer.

Jia: reed.

Dusk smoke: dusk mist, refers to the smoke of farmers' late cooking.

Child: children. Chai ye: Chai men.

Brief analysis:

This is a poem about the countryside

Chinese PinYin : Wen Tong