Huineng

Huineng

Master Huineng of Caoxi, who is revered as the sixth ancestor of Zen, has profound and solid significance to Chinese Buddhism and the popularization of Zen. Huineng received the mantle of Hongren, the fifth patriarch, and inherited Dongshan's Dharma, and established Nanzong, which carried forward the Dunjiao method of "directly pointing to people's heart and becoming a Buddha by seeing one's nature". Wang Wei's inscriptions on Zen master Neng said that he was "helpful to the transformation of the emperor". At the same time, it also aroused the respect and support of the Central Plains royal family. The royal family repeatedly welcomed Huineng into the palace and built temples and pagodas for him. After the open meeting of Dayun temple, Caoxi Zen was established in Zen by debating the right and wrong between the north and the south. One hundred years after Huineng's death, the Zen people are not Caoxi, not enough to talk about Zen. Liu Zongyuan wrote the stele of giving posthumous great mirror to Zen master, which said: "all the words of Zen are based on Caoxi." After Wuzong exterminated Buddhism, Caoxi Zen became the mainstream of Chinese Buddhism.

(overview picture: Huineng sitting statue in Liurong temple, Guangzhou, 172cm high, cast in red copper in the second year of Duangong in Northern Song Dynasty)

Life

early years

Adolescence:

Huineng's common surname is Lu. It's said that when he was born, there were "two different monks" who named him Huineng. Huineng was called Huineng since he was a child. According to Buddhist practice, "Huineng" was the legal name when he became a monk. His father used to be an official in Fanyang (now Zhuoxian County near Beijing), but later he was demoted and exiled to Xinzhou (now Xinxing County in Guangdong). Huineng was born in Xinzhou in the 12th year of Zhenguan. His father died when he was young, and then his mother and son moved to Nanhai (Guangzhou). He grew up selling firewood for a living. Another biography of master Caoxi says that his parents died when he was three years old.

Seeking the cause of law:

According to the Department of Tanjing, Huineng understood it one day after listening to people reciting the Vajra Sutra. Huang Mei was told that master Hongren of mausoleum mountain spoke the Vajra Sutra, so she decided to attend the ceremony. The Dunhuang version of the Tanjing simply said "farewell to one's parents"; later, Huixin version and Zutangji said that some guests encouraged him and paid for his mother. According to biezhuan, Huineng's participation in Li Hongren has nothing to do with Vajra Sutra. It is said in biezhuan that Huineng went to Caoxi first to worship his brother Liu Zhilue's aunt, who often recited the great Nirvana Sutra. Huineng was illiterate and yingneng explained the meaning of the Sutra for him. After living in Baolin temple for a period of time, I went to Lechang to meditate with Zen master yizhiyuan. Inspired by Zen master Huiji, I decided to go to Huangmei to attend Hongren.

The period of seeking law

According to the legend of the God club, about a month later, Huineng went to huangmeiping tomb mountain. For more than 50 years in the early Tang Dynasty, Dharma Zen orthodoxy has been inherited here. When he saw Hongren, he claimed that he was "only seeking Dharma to be a Buddha"; because he replied, "man has north and south, Buddha has no north and south. What's the difference between the body of Lu Liao and the body of monk? "And he was appreciated by Hongren. Hongren cultivates and feeds himself, and Huineng is sent to the pestle house for more than eight months. "We should be aware of the essence of our mind, and we should be aware of the essence of our life.". The combination of practice and labor is inherent in Buddhism (for example, Zhou Li pan tuojia realized by sweeping the floor), which has become the characteristic of Caoxi Zen since then.

In addition to work, they also listen to the law. According to the Sutra of the altar, one day Hongren asked everyone to write a verse, and he wanted to observe everyone's opinions in order to pay the Dharma. Shenxiu is the first one under Hongren's gate. He wrote a verse on the lower wall of the corridor. Huineng thought that Shenxiu verse had no insight into nature, so he wrote a verse for others to write. When Hongren found that Huineng's verse was better, he privately explained it to him in the night and secretly granted him the cassock, believing that the letter was written to show that he had inherited the ancestral throne.

Fu FA was given secretly. No one knew the content of the statement, but Huineng might also mention it. The Dunhuang version of the Tanjing said: "the Vajra Sutra"; the Huixin version said: "when you say" you should have no place to live, but your heart ", Huineng said" great enlightenment "; the quotations of Shenhui said:" master Ren talked about nature from the top secret. They sneak into the room at night and talk to each other for three days and three nights. " "Biezhuan" says: ask and answer questions about Buddha nature.

That night, Hongren saw Huineng off and went back to Lingnan. The ancient version of Tanjing and Shenhui Yulu both said that Huineng was sent to Jiujiang post, but not to Jiujiang post. At that time, it was midnight. Pingmu mountain was in the north of the river. It was a long way from the river. Jiujiang post was in the south of the Yangtze River. But after the Huixin edition of the Tanjing, it was said that Hongren got on the boat, personally sent it to Jiujiang post, and came back that night.

The period of seclusion

Dayu mountain capture method:

After Huineng left, someone came after him at the gate of Dongshan. Huiming, one of them, went all the way to Dayuling and Huineng. Huineng gave him the cassock. Instead, he said, "come from afar and ask for the Dharma, not the clothes.". Huineng said for him, "if you don't think about the good or the evil, it's the true face of Mingshang." Huiming said that when he realized, Huineng returned to Lingnan. Huiming, originally a disciple of Hongren, has become a disciple of Huineng. According to the records of magic weapons, Huiming's disciple "kan Jing" still belongs to the tradition of Dongshan, but Huineng does not.

Five years of seclusion:

Since the Sutra of the altar, Huineng has been a hermit. It was originally five (three) years ago, and Huineng came out of the mountain after Hongren's death (675), which formed the theory of reclusion for 16 years. The experience of Huineng in these five years (662-666) is not clearly recorded. Later, biezhuan said that Huineng was still "chased" in Caoxi, so he took refuge in the hunter's team for five years at the junction of Sihui and HUAIJI. Later, Huixin added this statement to Tanjing and Zutangji.

Hongren once said to Huineng: "since ancient times, when we spread the Dharma, our Qi is like a thread. If you live here, someone will harm you. " For example, when Daoxin was dying, all his disciples competed for the ancestral throne, and Hongren was forced to leave the temple to build another temple after he got the dharma (Daoxin also had "the principle and the Dharma", in fact, it was divided into two parts and Hongren). There are not only disputes in preaching the Dharma, but also difficulties in spreading it. There are many examples in biography of eminent monks and biography of continued eminent monks. Dharma's preaching of Zen is also full of ridicule and slander, or poison. Later, Huineng's disciple Shenhui is also full of difficulties in preaching the Dharma. At that time, Huineng was very young, so it was impossible for the public payment rules to be free from competition and harm.

Honghua period

Monastic precepts:

Huineng finally became a monk after five years of seclusion. On the eighth day of the first month of the second year of Qianfeng (667), he went to the faxing Temple (now Guangxiao Temple) in Guangzhou. Master Yinzong is talking about Nirvana Sutra, and Huineng is here to listen, "because of the wind flag language, he talks with master Zong about the supreme way.". Yinzong was very happy. When he asked, he realized that this was the one who spread the Dafa of Dongshan in Lingnan. So on the 15th of the first month of the year, Yin's relatives gave birth to Huineng; on the 8th of the second month, Zhiguang's lawyer in Xijing gave full instructions to Huineng. Huineng is now 30 years old. After receiving the precepts, Huineng set up a single mission in the Dharma temple. Because Huineng was praised by Yinzong and his status as a descendant of Wuzu, he was also respected by Guangzhou Zhisu.

Abbot Cao Xi:

In the spring of the next year, Huineng went to Baolin temple in Caoxi (now Nanhua Buddhist temple), "more than a thousand Yinzong masters and Zhibai givers". Caoxi belongs to Shaozhou, more than 700 li away from Guangzhou. According to biezhuan and luexu, Huineng would pass Shaozhou and live in Baolin temple before he went to Huangmei and after he came back from Huangmei. Now he is supported by Guangzhou, so the monks of Caoxi welcome him, so he went to Caoxi Daochang and became the leader. Under Baolin temple, the main monastery of Caoxi, there are other monasteries under its jurisdiction, such as Huineng living in Faquan temple and Guangguo temple. "Luexu" says "lanruo thirteen", while "Tanjing" only says that he lives in Caoxi mountain, not the name of the temple.

According to Da Fan Temple:

According to CI Shi Wei, who waited until Caoxi and invited Huineng to Dafan temple in the city, the audience of more than 1000 people was a grand gathering at that time. Huineng "said Maha Prajna paramita and taught wuxiangjie", which became the main body of Tanjing. However, the content, characteristics and origin of huinengton can still be understood according to it.

Deyin telecast:

It is said that Huineng was invited by the royal family. In the first year of longevity, Wu Zetian sent Zhang Changqi to the palace for the first time, and Huineng refused to go to the palace. In the first year of longevity, Huineng asked again, but Huineng still didn't go, so she asked for the cassock. In her later years, Wu Zetian sent Xue Jian to invite her again. After she died, Tang Zhongzong sent Xue Jian to invite her again. The emperor also built temples in Shaozhou, granted efaquan temple and jianguoen temple, Huineng's former residence, because of Wu Zetian. Jianzhen went to Japan and went through Shaozhou, which confirmed that Faquan temple was related to Tang Dynasty.

Before and after entering and going out

The final statement:

According to the Tanjing, Huineng's last statements are as follows: first, teach the "ten disciples": for people, "don't leave sex appearance", not from "three subjects" and "thirty-six pairs". 2、 The public cried bitterly. Huineng said "true and false dynamic and static verse", pointing out that leaving the false is true, "there is no movement on the move", and then "farewell". Among them, only Shenhui "does not move nor weep", and the sixth patriarch only praised him for "destroying his reputation" and predicted that he would set his right and wrong and establish his purpose (referring to the event of the sliding platform Conference) in "more than 20 years after my death", which was later added under the gate of Shenhui.

3、 Farewell after dinner on the day of death. Fahai wendun religion "up to now several generations", there are 40 generations of narratives since the seven Buddhas. This is also added under the Heze gate, which is the Zutong theory after the expansion of "six generations of preaching Dharma". When asked what laws should be left for future generations to see sex, Huineng said, "to see the true Buddha, to be free.". He asked the disciples "not to cry for the world, but to be hanged and asked, money and silk, wearing filial piety clothes.". Finally, he said, "if I am in the sun, I will sit upright for a while. But no movement, no stillness, no life, no death, no going, no coming, no right, no wrong, no living (no going), but being able to be quiet is the main road. "

Death and aftermath:

On the night of August 3, the second year of Xiantian (713), Huineng was "almost moved" in his hometown, Guoen temple, Xinzhou. It is said that Caoxi is "full of fragrance, landslides and ground movements, trees turn white, the sun and the moon are out of light, and clouds fade". Huineng returned to Enshi one year before he died (712) and told his disciples to build the pagoda (the same was true before Daoxin and Hongren died), "completed at the end of the next summer.". On July 8, the second year of congenital birth, he returned to Enshi temple from Caoxi

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