Yun Ge

Yun Nantian

Yun Nantian (1633-1690), that is Yun Shouping, the original name, the word Shouping, after the word line, changed the word Zhengshu, the name Nantian, another name Yunxi waishi, later lived in Chengdong, the name Dongyuan caoyi, later moved to baiyundu, the name Baiyun waishi, a famous calligrapher and painter in the late Ming and early Qing Dynasty, the founder of Changzhou painting school, and later became one of the six schools in the Qing Dynasty.

Character experience

Yun Ge, named Shouping, Nantian, Yunxi waishi, later lived in the east of the city, named Dongyuan caoyi, later moved to baiyundu, named Baiyun waishi. He was a famous calligrapher and painter in the late Ming Dynasty and early Qing Dynasty. He created the unique style of boneless flower painting and was the founder of Changzhou painting school. All his life, he lived in an era of sharp national contradictions. When he was young, he studied painting from his uncle. When he was young, he joined the anti Qing volunteer army. His family was broken and he was a prisoner. He was accepted as an adopted son by the governor of Zhejiang and Fujian provinces. He was a monk in Lingyin Temple. After returning home, he sold paintings for a living and supported his father all the time. Together with Wang Shimin, Wang Jian, Wang Hui, Wang Yuanqi and Wu Li, he is known as the "six schools of Qing Dynasty". His landscape painting was first learned from Huang Gongwang and Wang Meng of Yuan Dynasty, and he was very cool and meaningful. He also painted flowers, animals, grass and insects in a boneless way, which is called Xu chongsi's boneless method. His creative attitude is rigorous, and he thinks that "only if he can be very similar can he be vivid." "Every time you draw a flower, you must fold it in the vase of the flower. If you try your best to describe it, you must get its fragrance and color, and then you can see it.". His painting method is different from the general one. He created a "Yun style" flower painting style of "Yun style", which is transparent, clear in color and elegant in style. He has made a great contribution to the flower paintings in the late Ming and early Qing Dynasties. He is respected as the "decent School of sketching", and his influence has spread to the north and south of the Yangtze River. According to historical records, "recently, no matter in the south of the Yangtze River or in the north of the Yangtze River, no matter in the south of the Yangtze River or in the north of the Yangtze River, every family has his uncle, so he has the goal of" Changzhou school ".

Yun Nantian's landscape paintings were first learned from Huang Gongwang and Wang Meng of the Yuan Dynasty. They are cold, quiet and meaningful. Together with Wang Shimin, Wang Jian, Wang Hui, Wang Yuanqi and Wu Li, they are called "six schools of Qing Dynasty". His landscape painting, not to let "four kings", a small carefree brush, send Yu Bo in leisurely, dry and moist, light and strange, a pattern of its own, there are "four kings" have not been.

In December of 1689, Yun Nantian left home to sell paintings in Hangzhou. In May of the next year, the trustee bought two tombs in Hangzhou and decided to bury his father's coffin on the lake. He was so eager to raise money and paint that he fell ill. He returned to Changzhou on March 17 and died the next day in Ouxiang Hall of Baiyun ferry. He was 58 years old. A generation of talented masters quietly ended their rough life.

Life of the characters

Yun Nantian's family is diligent and studious

Yun Nantian's family is a great family of Wujin, and his great grandfather Yun Shaofang is a Jinshi of Jiajing in Ming Dynasty. His grandfather Yun yinghou was the supervisor of Guozijian (the highest institution in Ming Dynasty) during the Wanli period. His father, Yun Richu, was a Gongsheng in the sixth year of Chongzhen's reign. He asked Liu Shizhou about his family's high status in the University. He once participated in the anti Qing movement, and later lectured in the countryside. My cousin Yun Benchu, a famous landscape painter of Ming Dynasty, abandoned his official position and went to seclusion in the 17th year of Chongzhen. At the beginning of Yun Jue's life, he was a Jinshi in the 32nd year of Wanli in the Ming Dynasty. He was appointed as the inspector general of Huguang (director of the provincial public security department) and took part in the anti Qing movement. My cousin Yun Yumai was once a magistrate in Chongzhen period. After the death of Ming Dynasty, he abandoned his official position and went around. As Mr. NANDA's ancestors and fathers were mostly famous people with moral integrity, the son of this aristocratic family received a good education of devotion to the country from an early age. He has been smart since he was a child. "When he was eight years old, he chanted the lotus flower and surprised his teacher.". This is an important condition for him to become a famous painter.

Serve the country and resist the Qing Dynasty

When Nantian was 11 years old, his father was dissatisfied with the corrupt politics of the late Ming Dynasty and lived in seclusion in Tiantai Mountain, Zhejiang Province with his two children. After the Qing soldiers entered the pass, they carried out massacres in Yangzhou, Jiangyin, Hangzhou and other places. Nantian fled to Fuzhou with his father and brother. His father took part in the armed anti Qing movement in Fuzhou. Fuzhou was conquered by the Qing army, and Nantian fled to Guangzhou with his father and brother. He traveled thousands of miles and was in exile. After arriving in Guangzhou, Wang Qi, a general of the Jianning rebel army in Fujian Province, invited Nantian's father to Jianning to discuss the plan of resisting the Qing Dynasty. After receiving the letter, his father went from Nantian to Jianning to investigate in secret and thought that "this place is still prosperous, and the army is strong and the reserve is small. He is the real husband of Kuijie. " Nanda was only 15 years old at that time, but he already had a high political insight. Through his judgment, his father and brother joined the rebel army in Jianning. After arriving in Jianning, Nantian's elder brother died in the battle against the Qing Dynasty. The Qing army besieged Jianning for more than 100 days and was captured. Wang Qi committed suicide in the street battle. The second brother didn't know where he was going. His father survived because he went out to ask for help and was separated for many years.

Prisoners in prison show their talents

After being captured, Nantian didn't get killed and began a painful slave life. Later, unexpectedly, he became the adopted son of Chen Jin, the governor of Fujian and Zhejiang at that time. What's going on? In his later poems, we know it has something to do with a brothel woman. The brothel woman was a singing and dancing prostitute in Jianning city at that time. She was taken in by the governor after the city was destroyed. At that time, the governor's wife wanted to make some jewelry, but she asked some painters to draw the patterns of jewelry. She felt dissatisfied. The singing and dancing prostitute knew that Nantian's painting was very good, so she recommended Nantian to draw patterns for the governor's wife. The governor's wife saw that he was "rich and handsome, easy to move forward and backward", with outstanding character and no son. She always wanted to adopt a child, so she was "overjoyed and had a child.". In this way, NANDA became a governor's son from a prisoner of war camp.

No admiration for wealth and filial piety

Four years after being adopted by Chen Jin, when Nantian was 20 years old, Chen Jin was stabbed to death by a family member. Mrs. Chen took Nantian to the funeral, and gave Chen Jin a free rein at Lingyin Temple in Hangzhou. It happened that Nantian found his father Yun Richu among the monks. At that time, he wanted to meet his father very much, but because his adoptive mother and many generals were present, considering that it might be self defeating to do so, he secretly met his father, and then asked monk Jude to come forward to deceive Mrs. Chen, saying, "I don't think your son's life is long. If you want to save his life, you have to let him become a monk from Buddhism.". Monk Jude was one of the most famous monks at that time. He served as the abbot of Lingyin Temple for 18 years. "Ten times he worked as a Taoist temple, opened a Dharma gate, and went to the sea of thunder." all the people crowded around him, sweating, and sipping the bath water for a while. "That's such an authority. What he said was very authoritative. The old lady cried and refused to take Nandian back to Beijing to inherit Chen Jin's title She said that she didn't want to enjoy the splendor and wealth and was willing to become a monk in the temple, but Mrs. Chen reluctantly agreed to leave Nandian in the temple. In this way, NANDA cleverly recognized his father, and then went back to his hometown with his father. Later, the famous dramatist Wang Shu compiled the script "jiufengyuan" from Nantian's early life, which was widely sung in the 19th year of Kangxi and became a good story.

I've been poor all my life, and I've been determined to do it

After returning to his hometown, Nantian made a living selling paintings, raised his old father and educated the village. Nantian is a high-ranking man, who regards fame and wealth like weeds and refuses to follow the trend. If you meet some snobbish people who want to buy paintings with money, even if you give him 100 liang of silver, you will not paint for them. Every time Nantian went on a trip, he came home with a lot of silver on his body, which was a gift from his painting. He is generous and likes to help others. On the contrary, he often leads a poor life. Mr. NANDA's old age was extremely bleak. He had a son, but his eldest son drowned in the ditch, and his second son died of smallpox. In order to pay off his father's debt, he drew desperately. On March 18, 1690, the poor and sick old man finally fell down in baiyundu's apartment. He was 58 years old. His son was only five years old at that time, and he couldn't even afford a coffin. Wang Hui, a good friend of Nantian's, and others, paid money to take care of his affairs.

Yun Nantian's character cultivation and national integrity

Most of Mr. NANDA's family were anti Qing volunteers. He himself took part in the anti Qing movement, and his two elder brothers also died in the anti Qing battle. In the Ming and Qing Dynasties, in order to strengthen its rule, the Qing government adopted a cruel policy of killing and fooling the Han people. The data show that there were 100 million Han people in the late Ming Dynasty, and only half of them in the early Qing Dynasty. However, when the overall situation of the Qing Dynasty was decided, inspired by the Qing government's soft policy, many scholars threw themselves into the arms of the Qing government, whitewashed the Qing Dynasty's genocide, and tried every means to find the rationality and legitimacy of the Qing Dynasty replacing the Ming Dynasty. Mr. NANDA firmly adopted the position of "non cooperation" with the Qing Dynasty. In his life, he should not take the imperial examination, nor be an official, nor even a scholar. All his works, letters, never bear the year of the Qing Dynasty, but use heavenly stems and earthly branches. He expressed his national feelings with this passive and silent resistance.

The rich and the noble are equal to the poor

There was only one stain in Mr. Nantian's life, that is, he was adopted by Chen Jin, governor of Fujian and Zhejiang provinces in the Qing Dynasty. But we need to know that he was only a 15-year-old child at that time. Can we ask a child to commit suicide and die for his country? When he was faced with the great temptation of inheriting the adoptive father title of governor of the two provinces, he chose to leave resolutely, willingly suffer from poverty, and finally died in poverty. We can't help admiring his noble sentiment.

He is filial to his father and sincere to his friends

When he found his biological father in Lingyin Temple, he did not hesitate to abandon wealth and return home with his father. My father met his friends by writing every day in the village. All the expenses, such as ink and brush, were supported by Nantian's sales of paintings. He never attached himself to the powerful and trusted his friends. For example, Wang Hui, who was known as the "saint of painting" at that time, was highly respected by NANDA. He thought that he had high attainments in landscape painting, and they became brothers

Chinese PinYin : Yun Ge