Xu Xilin

Xu Xilin

Xu Xilin (December 17, 1873 - July 7, 1907) was born in Dongpu town, Fushan, Shaoxing, Zhejiang Province. He is a democratic revolutionist in modern China.

In 1901, he was appointed as a teacher of Shaoxing University and later promoted to Deputy Supervisor. In 1903, he took the local examination and was ranked in the Deputy list. In the same year, he went to Japan in the name of visiting Osaka Expo, met Tao Chengzhang and Gong Baoquan in Tokyo, and actively participated in the rescue of Zhang Binglin, who was jailed for anti Qing. After returning to China, he first set up a publishing house in Shaoxing, spread new translated books and newspapers, and publicized the anti Qing revolution. He joined the restoration society in Shanghai in 1904. In 1905, the sports association was founded in Shaoxing, and then Datong school was founded, which stipulated that all the students were members of the restoration Association and participated in military training. In the winter of the same year, he went to Japan to study in the army, but he failed because of eye disease. After returning to China in 1906, he went to Anhui to serve as the deputy general manager of the Armed Forces Academy and the general manager of the Anhui patrol Academy.

On July 6, 1907, Xu Xilin assassinated Enming, governor of Anhui Province in Anqing. He led a student army uprising and captured the ordnance Institute. After four hours of fierce fighting, he was arrested and died the next day.

Life of the characters

Ideological change

On December 17, 1873, muzong of Qing Dynasty was born in Dongpu, Shaoxing, Zhejiang Province. His father, Xu Fengming, was a scholar and a county official. His family has more than 100 mu of land. He has two shops in Shaoxing City: "Tiansheng silk shop" and "Taisheng oil shop". He is a well-known local gentry. In 1901, Xu Xilin was appointed as a lecturer of mathematics in Shaoxing Fu school, which was highly valued by the magistrate and later promoted to Deputy Supervisor. In 1903, Xu Xilin went to Japan to visit the Osaka Expo, where there were ancient Chinese clocks on display. He was angry that the powers had bullied China too much. Soon he met Tao Chengzhang, Niu Yongjian and so on. Under their influence, Xu Xilin's thought changed greatly. He gradually gave up the hope of the Qing government and abandoned the reform to the revolution. At that time, when the "Su Bao case" happened, Japanese students opposed it. Xu Xilin also generously participated in the rescue of Zhang Binglin.

Building schools

On September 23, 1905, Shaoxing Datong school was founded by Xu Xilin, Tao Chengzhang and other members of the restoration society. After the establishment of the restoration society, it advocated revolution by means of assassination and insurrection. In order to train its members, Tao Chengzhang, Gong Baoquan, Xu Xilin and others chose to run schools in Shaoxing City, Zhejiang Province. Xu Xilin was promoted as the supervisor and Huang Yi as the president. Recruit members from Jinhua, Chuzhou and Shaoxing, and conduct short-term revolutionary education and military training for them to train the revolutionary backbone. And draw up the regulations: "all the graduates of our school are controlled by the administrators of our school; the students of our school are friends of the restoration Association.". Datong school only has gymnastics specialized subject, which is divided into special and ordinary classes. The special class is the members of the party; the ordinary class is the members of the party and the progressive youth. The courses taught by the two classes are mainly military gymnastics and equipment gymnastics. In addition, they also teach Mandarin, English, Japanese, pedagogy, ethics, arithmetic, geography, biology, drawing and other courses as appropriate. On the back of the diploma, the secret code of the revolutionary organization was recorded in the school. There is a couplet hanging in the hall of the school: "ten years of lessons, the king in the army, thousands of years of ancestral rain wind, rebuild the hero in YueDi"; the next couplet says: "nine generations of revenge, spring and autumn righteousness, may erduoshi repair scales and raise claws, do not forget the bandits steal over the Central Plains.".

Entering the Restoration Society

In the winter of 1904, Xu Xilin met Cai Yuanpei and Tao Chengzhang because he had been in Shanghai. He was one of the first people to join the association and later became one of the main leaders of the association. After returning to Shaoxing, Xu Xilin founded Datong school. Luo Zhi was handsome and taught military law and discipline to cultivate talents for the revolution. He also actively made friends with local associations and even invited them to coach the school. Soon after, Xu Xilin took the opportunity to contact the bandit Feng linge, went out of the mountain customs, passed through Jilin and Fengtian, and went to the northwest frontier to check the situation of mountains and rivers. He saw Japan and Russia compete wildly in China's territory. He was indignant and wanted to fight for his country. It is not easy to seek revolution. In order to achieve the goal of anti Manchu, Xu Xilin and others gradually developed the idea of "leaning against the Qing government with skills". They planned to use the method of donating officials to enable the members of the restoration society to learn military affairs and take the opportunity to enter the Qing government to control military power. So he donated a title of member to the Qing court, pointing out that Anhui was a candidate.

Plot to assassinate Enming

Master data:

Anqing Uprising

In the winter of 1905, Xu Xilin, Ma Zonghan and Chen Boping donated their official positions and were allowed to study the army in Japan. However, after arriving in Japan, due to the obstruction of the Qing minister in Japan, the plan to study the army was destroyed, and he had no choice but to return home. After returning to China, Xu Xilin and others planned to further break into the government and "plunder the imperial court by power". Through the mobilization and utilization of all parties' relations, Xu Xilin managed to organize the Anqing Army primary school. Later, thanks to the recommendation of his cousin Yu liansan and Xu Xilin's shrewdness and ability, he was finally put in high position by Enming, the governor of Anhui Province. In the winter of 1906, he went to Anqing to report to the Fuyuan. After receiving him, Enming appointed him as Yin, the governor of Anhui Province. He was careful to ingratiate himself. He took Enming as his teacher and Enming as his confidant. He also appointed him to be a member of the patrol Academy. Xu Xilin ate the salary of the Qing government, but he never changed his revolutionary ambition. In February 1907, Xu Xilin and Qiu Jin agreed to hold an armed uprising against the Qing Dynasty in Anhui and Zhejiang at the same time. The uprising was originally scheduled to be held on July 19. Because some party members were arrested in Shanghai, they confessed some nicknames of revolutionary party members, and duanfang, governor of Liangjiang, sent a telegram to Enming. Enming called Xu Xilin to discuss. Seeing that his nickname was on the list, Xu Xilin decided to raise his name at the graduation ceremony of the patrol Academy on July 8. However, the uprising had to be held on the 6th. The uprising is worrying because of the lack of foreign aid and preparation. On July 6, 1907, Xu Xilin, a member of the restoration society, who was also the supervisor of the patrol academy, assassinated Anhui governor Enming in Anqing. He led the student army to revolt and occupied the ordnance Institute. After four hours of fierce fighting, he was arrested in failure and died generously. During the trial, he wrote straight: "it has been more than ten years since he was full of ambition. Today, his goal will be achieved. After killing Enming, he planned to kill duanfang, Tieliang and Liangbi to avenge the Han people. " On July 7, 1907, Xu Xilin was killed by the Qing government in front of the gate of Anqing Fuyuan. His heart and liver were dug and used for cooking. He was 35 years old.

Character achievement

Founding "zeal school"

In 1903, after returning to Shaoxing from Japan, Xu Xilin realized that the revolution should start with the establishment of schools and the cultivation of talents. Then he founded a new school in his hometown Dongpu, and wrote a couplet for the school: those who are enthusiastic can learn together, and those who are sincere can join the school. Take the upper and lower couplets of each word, named "enthusiasm school". In addition to cultural extracurricular, special additional military gymnastics class, military training. In his lectures, he often introduced current affairs and politics, publicized revolution, and stimulated students' patriotic enthusiasm. Later, it became the activity base of Shaoxing restoration society.

Contact local party associations

In 1904, Xu Xilin accepted Cai Yuanpei's invitation to join the restoration society. At that time, the social parties in Zhejiang Province were very active and showed great strength in the struggle against the rule of Qing Dynasty and "hatred of foreign countries and extermination of religion". However, these societies and parties work independently and do not belong to each other. It is an important task for the Chinese people's liberation movement to lead the scattered organizations of the Chinese people's liberation movement to the great union of the democratic revolution. Xu Xilin personally led several students to various places to meet with the party leaders. During the two months, he visited Shengxian, Zhuji, Dongyang, Jinhua and Jinyun on foot, met Zhu Shaokang, Wang Jinfa and other party leaders, contacted progressives, developed members and expanded the organization, making the restoration society the leading core of Zhejiang's anti Qing revolution.

Establishing "Datong school"

At the end of 1904, Xu Xilin found that although there were many social parties and certain forces, their quality was obviously low. In order to unite various factions and play a role, they must be trained and taught. Therefore, the idea of establishing a "military school" to train the party's backbone came into being. In 1905, Xu Xilin persuaded Xu Zhongqing, a wealthy businessman, to set up Datong school and invited Qiu Jin to preside over it. Lin Wenbiao, an expert in Shaoxing's literature and history, believes that the establishment of Datong school is a shining point in the history of the 1911 Revolution and even the whole history of the Chinese revolution, and its historical contribution can be compared with that of the later Huangpu Military Academy. With the efforts of Xu Xilin and others, Datong school became the revolutionary command center at that time, and Xu Xilin also became one of the actual leaders of the restoration society.

Zhejiang Anhui Uprising

In 1907, Xu Xilin and Qiu Jin, a recovering member of the Communist Party of China, led the Zhejiang Anhui uprising, which shocked China and foreign countries. Although the uprising failed, its influence was huge. On the one hand, it assassinated the Qing Dynasty's feudal officials and the eulogy of the governor. On the one hand, it was launched in Anqing and Shaoxing, which were important places of the Qing Dynasty. The uprising dealt a heavy blow to the rule of the Qing Dynasty, accelerated the process of constitutionalism, stimulated the fighting spirit of the revolutionaries, and explored new ways of uprising.

Character Poems

In 1905, Xu Xilin "went out of Shanhaiguan to Fengtian and Jilin, and then returned through the frontier of northwest provinces." This poem was written in the spring of 1906 during this tour. The work inherits the style of frontier fortress poetry of Tang Dynasty in art, with heroic and powerful characteristics. The whole poem is as follows:

"Leaving the frontier"

military songs should sing big sword rings, vowing to destroy Hu Nu and bring out jade

Chinese PinYin : Xu Xi Lin