He Yan

He Yan

He Yan? - 249), the word is uncle Ping. Nanyang County Wan county (now Nanyang City, Henan Province) people. During the Three Kingdoms period, Cao Wei, a minister and metaphysician, was the grandson of general He Jin of the Eastern Han Dynasty.

He Yan's father died early, and Sikong Cao Cao took his mother Yin as his concubine, so he was adopted and favored by Cao Cao. When he was young, he was well-known for his talent and talent. He liked learning from Laozhuang and married Princess Jinxiang, the daughter of Cao Cao. When Wei Wendi was in power, he was not granted official position. Wei Ming emperor thought that he Yan was not real, and only gave him the position of redundant official. When the general Cao Shuang was in power, he Yan worked with him, and he was able to exhaust his officials to the officials and the Minister of the Ministry of official affairs. He was elected as a marquis. After the change of Gaoping mausoleum, they were killed by Sima Yi, the Taifu, together with Cao Shuang, the general.

He Yan has eleven volumes of anthologies, and he once co authored the Analects of Confucius with Zheng Chong. Zhong Rong's "poetry" is called "the chapter of Uncle Ping's swan, the rules of the wind." He Yan's poems will be included in the middle class. Yuan Hong called He Yan and others Zhengshi celebrities in biography of celebrities. He was one of the founders of metaphysics in Wei and Jin Dynasties.

Life of the characters

Flashiness is suppressed

He Yan is the grandson of general He Jin of the Eastern Han Dynasty (Wei Lue thinks he may be the grandson of He Jin's younger brother he Miao). When Cao Cao was appointed Sikong (from the second year of Jian'an to the 13th year of Jian'an), he married his mother Yin and adopted He Yan. At that time, Qin Yilu's son, a su (i.e. Qin Lang), was also in the public house with his mother. Cao Cao doted on him and treated them like CHILDES. Qin Lang was cautious, but he Yan had no scruples. His clothes were similar to Shizi's, so Cao Pi hated him very much. He didn't call his name or character every time. He used to call him "false son". He Yan was very talented when he was young. He married Princess Jinxiang, the daughter of Cao Cao. But he was also lustful, so he didn't serve as an official during the reign of Emperor Wen of Wei (220-226).

He Yan, the governor of Bingzhou, Deng Yang, Li Sheng and Ding MI are all talented and famous, but they are eager to be rich and powerful. Cao Rui, the emperor of Wei and Ming Dynasties, was disgusted with their vanity and falsehood. He Yan was just a redundant official.

To enjoy and reuse

In the first month of 239, Cao Rui died and was succeeded by the crown prince Cao Fang. At that time, general Cao Shuang and lieutenant Sima Yi were assistant officials. Cao Shuang had always been close and friendly with He Yan and others. When he came to power, because of He Yan's talent, he immediately introduced and promoted He Yan and others to become his confidants. He Yan and others all praised Cao Shuang and believed that power could not be entrusted to others. Ding Mi gives advice for Cao Shuang. Cao Shuang tells Cao Fang to issue an imperial edict and appoint Sima Yi as Taifu. On the outside, he respects Sima Yi with a false name. In fact, he plans to let Cao Shuang watch the Shangzuo first, so as to control his priorities. Cao Shuang obeys his plan and orders Sima Yi to be Taifu.

He Yanxian was appointed as the Minister of Sanqi. Soon afterwards, Cao Shuang was transferred to be the Minister of the Ministry of official affairs, Lu Yu, and he Yan was replaced by the Minister of the Ministry of official affairs and the Minister of the Ministry of official affairs. He Yan was given the rank of marquis because of his son-in-law status. He Yan and others relied on Cao Shuang's power to use their affairs. Those who catered to Cao Shuang's power were promoted and promoted. Those who disobeyed Cao Shuang's power were dismissed and dismissed. Both inside and outside the imperial court acted according to the direction of the wind and did not dare to disobey their will. He Yan also took hundreds of hectares of mulberry fields and Tangmu land from Luoyang and yewang Diannong as his own property, and stole official belongings and asked for them from other states and counties, but the officials did not dare to resist. "He Yan is quiet on the outside but impetuous in the heart. He takes good profits skillfully and doesn't ask for service. I'm afraid he will tempt your brothers first. The people with lofty ideals will leave far away, and the government will be abandoned," he said to Cao Shuang's brother Cao Xi He Yan was dissatisfied with Fu Gu and dismissed him for trivial matters.

In 247, Cao Shuang adopted the stratagem of He Yan and others, moved empress dowager Guo to Yongning palace, and began to take over the imperial power. However, Sima Yi was unable to control power in this situation and was afraid of being forced to suffer further harm in the court meeting, so she began to withdraw in May of the same year. At that time, Cao Fang was very fond of being close to a group of villains and having a party in the backyard. In July of the same year, he yanshangshu said: "from now on, when the emperor goes to Shiqian hall or to Houyuan for pleasure, there should be ministers to follow him, so that he can inquire and discuss political affairs, explain and discuss the great principles of scriptures, and follow him for generations." In December, Kong Yi, a sanqichangshi and an admonishment doctor, also admonished Cao Fang, but Cao Fang did not listen to their opinions.

At that time, the slander book said, "there are three dogs in Taichung, two dogs can't be used as firewood, and one dog can be used as a gangrene bag by silence." Three dogs are He Yan, Deng Yang and Ding MI, and Mo is Cao Shuang's little character. It means that all three dogs want to bite, and Ding MI is the most vicious.

It's time to be killed

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In the first month of the tenth year of Zhengshi (249), Sima Yi accompanied Cao Fang to visit the mausoleum of emperor Gaoping in the company of Cao Shuang's brothers, and launched a coup to close Luoyang City and occupy the barracks of Cao Shuang and Cao Xi. Cao Shuang finally surrendered to Sima Yi and gave up power.

According to Wei's spring and Autumn Annals, after the change of Gaoping mausoleum, Sima Yi asked he Yan to take part in the case of Cao Shuang and others. He Yan thoroughly investigated Cao Shuang's party members and wanted to get rid of them. "There are eight ethnic groups involved," Sima Yi said He Yan excluded Ding, Deng and other seven surnames. Sima Yi said, "it's not over yet." He Yan was so poor and urgent that he said, "do you mean me?" Sima Yi said, "yes." So he Yan was taken into custody. On the 10th day of the first lunar month, Sima Yi killed he Yan and Cao Shuang together for treason.

Yuan Hong of the Eastern Jin Dynasty named He Yan, Xiahou Xuan and Wang Bi as Zhengshi celebrities in biography of celebrities.

Main achievements

thought

He Yan, together with Xia Hou Xuan and Wang Bi, advocated metaphysics and engaged in free talks, so he became one of the founders of metaphysics in Wei and Jin Dynasties. With Wang Bi and other ancestors, Lao Zi and Zhuang Zi argued that all things in the world are based on nothingness, "those who are nothingness, start things and accomplish business, and those who are not going to exist.". He believes that "Tao" or "nothing" can create everything, that "nothing" is the most fundamental, and that "being" can exist only by "nothing", thus establishing the idealist ontology of "taking nothing as the foundation", "valuing nothing" and "belittling being". It also holds that saints have no joys, sorrows, and sorrows, that saints are not burdened with things, and that they no longer respond to things. Therefore, the theory of "saints are merciless" holds that saints can be completely free from the influence of external things, but take "Inaction" as the body. Fu Gu, a famous scholar at that time, said that he was "far from speaking but close to feeling, eloquent but insincere, so-called eloquence conquering the nation".

Confucian classics

Since he Yan compiled the Analects of Confucius, there have been many generations of people who have contributed to it. In the Liang Dynasty, Huang Kan collected all kinds of opinions and wrote the Analects of Confucius. In the Northern Song Dynasty, Xing min and others changed "the Analects of Confucius" into "the Analects of Confucius annotations" (also known as "the Analects of Confucius justice" and "the Analects of Confucius annotations and commentaries on classics"), which were included in "the thirteen classics annotations".

literature

He Yan is good at poetry and Fu. Liang Zhongrong in the Southern Dynasty called "the chapter of Uncle Ping's swan, the wind rules." He Yan's poems will be included in the middle class. "Wen Xin Diao Long · Ming Shi" said: "and Zhengshi Mingdao, poetry miscellaneous Xianxin; He Yan's disciples, rate more superficial."

personal works

There are eleven volumes of He Yan's collected works, ten volumes of the Analects of Confucius, two volumes of Laozi's theory of morality, and four volumes of He Yan's Shuoshu under Laozi.

Wei Shi contains He Yan's five character poem Yan Zhi Shi. The whole three languages also includes the ode to Jingfu palace, playing to invite the minister and his attendants to travel happily, offering sacrifices to the six schools in Wujiao and Lijian, discussing the posthumous title of the Ming emperor, discussing the difficulty with Jiang Jishu and his sister-in-law at the beginning of the Xia Dynasty, Han Bai Lun, Bai Qi Lun, Jizhou Lun, Jiuzhou Lun, Wuwei Lun, nameless Lun, Analects collection Jiexu, Ruisong, zhumeng beast Dao Ming.

Character evaluation

Slander book: there are three dogs in Taichung. Two dogs can't be used as firewood, and one dog can be used as a gangrene bag by silence.

Wang Su: this generation belongs to Honggong and Shixian. They are called evil again!

Yan Xian: if Yan and others are arrogant and extravagant, they will be defeated by themselves.

Wang Guang: He Ping lost his people because he was proud and extravagant. Although Ding, Bi, Huan and Deng had hopes, they all competed in the world.

Fu Gu: uncle He Ping's words are far away but close to his feelings. He is eloquent but not sincere. It's the so-called "eloquence covers the nation.".

Pei Hui: he (He Yan) and Deng (Deng Yang) are two books of history. They have the ability and strategy to study the country. They are proficient in physics. He Shangshu's spirit is subtle, and his words are all ingenious. His ingenious ambition almost breaks qiuhao. You (Guan Fu) should be careful! If you don't understand the nine things of Yi, you should ask each other. To be better than Luo, one should be good at his theory.

Guan Fu: talking with these five emperors (PEI Hui, he Yan, Deng Yang, Liu Shi, Liu Zhi) makes people feel refreshed and sleepy. From then on, I almost want to sleep in the daytime.

Guan Fu: his talent is like the water in a basin, which is clear when seen and turbid when not seen. God is broad, ambition is not learning, Buddha can become talent. If you want to seek the shape of a mountain from the basin of water, you will be confused if you can't get the shape. Therefore, Laozi and Zhuangzi are skillful and rich in Chinese; yishengyi is beautiful and rich in falsehood; huazi is superficial and weak in spirit; Zhongcai is shallow and weak in spirit; Zhongcai is refined and independent in spirit.

Fu Xuan: it was the time when he and Yan were able to argue between their relatives.

Xun Xu: Yan Neng spoke clearly, but at that time, he was in power, the world talked about scholars, and many schools advocated it.

Fan Ning: Wang he despised the classics, disobeyed the rules of propriety, swayed the posterity, embellished the Chinese language to confuse the world. The gentry's disciples have changed their ways. The wind of Zhusi will fall. So the benevolence and righteousness were destroyed, the elegance was covered with dust, the rites and music collapsed, and the Central Plains was overthrown. In ancient times, the so-called saying is false and arguing, and the action is unsociable and firm. Who is the disciple of this person? In the past, when the master was beheading Lu shaozheng, and the grand duke was killing the warlords, was it not the same death in the world? The tyranny of Jie and Zhou is just enough to put an end to it

Chinese PinYin : He Yan